Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 1 CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE REVIEW 6 Criminology and Public Policy Literature Review Criminal Justice Capstone Eric Butler Argosy University Abstract The field of criminology in the modern community has become directly linked with public policy. The relationship between criminology and public policy has not fully been realized and this is impacting the different fields of criminology in the community. There have been different readings in the field of social policy and in relation to how policing can be an integral aspect in reduction of crime activities in the community. Although this is the case, governmental organizations have failed in the integration of effective policing to address emerging issues in the criminal community. The research will focus on the literature review of published and secondary data in addressing the importance of public policy participation in the criminology. The secondary data is also an essential affiliation based on the role played by crime related policies in the community. The review of the secondary data and its publications will offer the necessary foundations for accessing and discussing on the importance of public policy participation in criminology. In conclusion, the world of criminology is changing and this is influencing the participation of public policy in criminal justice. Research problem The aim of the literature review is to offer an extensive classification on the importance of public policy participation in criminal justice and especially in the field of criminology. In relation to the changing circumstance as exhibited by the drastic policing in the community and its society in areas related with criminal justice. Is the ever changing public policy and its influence in the social sciences in the 21st century a solution in curbing different challenges influencing and affecting criminology strategies in the community? The aim of the public policing is influencing how the community integrates with different aspects such as social issues influencing the community from leadership to peaceful integration with law enforcement. Justification of the Topic There is a clear distinction in the field of criminology especially in the reduction of drug related activities in the contemporary community. There are also a number of different criminal based activities which have influenced the criminal and law enforcements to develop strategies to curb the spread of crime. Although this has become an effective methodology in curbing and reducing crime, it has not always offered an ultimate solution. For instance, American community is recognized as the highest nation with a highest mass incarceration in the community. The use of laws has only increased the mass incarceration in population, hence, it has not helped in the reduction of crime. Due to the lack of effective reformation of the public policing, the cri ...

1. Running Head: CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY
LITERATURE REVIEW 1
CRIMINOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY LITERATURE
REVIEW 6
Criminology and Public Policy Literature Review
Criminal Justice Capstone
Eric Butler
Argosy University
Abstract
The field of criminology in the modern community has become
directly linked with public policy. The relationship between
criminology and public policy has not fully been realized and
this is impacting the different fields of criminology in the
community. There have been different readings in the field of
social policy and in relation to how policing can be an integral
aspect in reduction of crime activities in the community.
Although this is the case, governmental organizations have
failed in the integration of effective policing to address

2. emerging issues in the criminal community. The research will
focus on the literature review of published and secondary data
in addressing the importance of public policy participation in
the criminology. The secondary data is also an essential
affiliation based on the role played by crime related policies in
the community. The review of the secondary data and its
publications will offer the necessary foundations for accessing
and discussing on the importance of public policy participation
in criminology. In conclusion, the world of criminology is
changing and this is influencing the participation of public
policy in criminal justice.
Research problem
The aim of the literature review is to offer an extensive
classification on the importance of public policy participation in
criminal justice and especially in the field of criminology. In
relation to the changing circumstance as exhibited by the drastic
policing in the community and its society in areas related with
criminal justice. Is the ever changing public policy and its
influence in the social sciences in the 21st century a solution in
curbing different challenges influencing and affecting
criminology strategies in the community? The aim of the public
policing is influencing how the community integrates with
different aspects such as social issues influencing the
community from leadership to peaceful integration with law
enforcement.
Justification of the Topic
There is a clear distinction in the field of criminology
especially in the reduction of drug related activities in the
contemporary community. There are also a number of different

3. criminal based activities which have influenced the criminal and
law enforcements to develop strategies to curb the spread of
crime. Although this has become an effective methodology in
curbing and reducing crime, it has not always offered an
ultimate solution. For instance, American community is
recognized as the highest nation with a highest mass
incarceration in the community. The use of laws has only
increased the mass incarceration in population, hence, it has not
helped in the reduction of crime. Due to the lack of effective
reformation of the public policing, the criminal related
activities are on the rise. There is the need for curbing these
changes with an effective integration of policing in the
contemporary community.
Literature Themes
a) Policing and Evaluation of Crime
According to studies and statistics provided by Langton, Planty,
& Lynch (2017), there is the need for understanding the aim of
policing in the crime based areas and how to use the necessary
polices such as public support to enforce the changes. There is
also a focus on participation and enhancing the general
observations such as processing and encouraging the process of
crime evaluation. Based on the reports of Langton, Planty, &
Lynch (2017), there is the need of developing new methods to
help in the structural foundations for understanding the process
of crime and how it relates to policing in the contemporary
community. It aims to drive and promote the operational
effectiveness of police and law enforcement. Policing offers a
different perspective to view the importance and nature to
support operational effectiveness in criminal based justice.
b) Crime and Data collection
According to Strom & Smith (2017), the importance of data
collection on crime from the community helps in focusing on
the different trends on crime in the society. Understanding the
different trends will help in focusing on research and improving

4. on how law enforcement view and classify the resources of
policing. The application of such data collection on crime is
only possible through the participation of public policy in
criminology and criminal justice in the community. Based on
Goodison, & Thomson (2017), the collective understanding of
crime is only possible through an in-depth-analysis of its
constraints in the contemporary community. To effectively
achieve and increase operational effectiveness it is possible to
influence and help in the admonition of labor and supporting to
increase and reduce performance. Therefore, using data
collection in crime related activities in the society helps to
improve and increase different chances and possibilities in
curbing criminology.
c) Crime reporting
Based on the reports and studies conducted by Sandler,
Letourneau, Vandiver, Shields, & Chaffin (2017), crime related
reports have become the source for understanding the different
changes in the contemporary community. It is important to use
reporting as a way for concluding on the necessity of keeping
taps in crime related patterns in the community. The police and
law enforcements in the community should adopt a scheme of
using public policing as a potential source for collections of
data trends and occurrence of crime mapping. Through the
policing the community is able to offer a platform to engage the
law enforcement to organize and check the different issues
impacting social sciences. According to Clear, &Frost (2007),
informative public policing will focus on the challenges
affecting law enforcement for effective integration of social
issues influencing criminology in the contemporary community.
d) Understanding Crime
According to Lauritsen, & Cork (2017), the National
Academies’ Committee on National Statistics’ Panel offers a
clear indication on the widening of criminal systems to help in
the adoption of new statistics in the field of criminology in the
contemporary community. Widening the approaches for
controlling crime and understanding the foundation of crime

5. helps to determine the logical solutions and ways for
overcoming the changes in crime related activities in the
community. The formal focus of Lauritsen, & Cork (2017) is
controlling and readily possessing the necessary information
which can help in understanding crime in the community. Its
main focus should be on delivering and possessing the
necessary theories to effectively promote and increase
operational surveys. Through an integrative and participation
approach in the community it is important to use, develop and
improve operational effectiveness to improve the understanding
of crime and ultimately developing resources to help curb its
effects and impacts.
e) Reduction of mass Incarceration and Reforms
American society is the highest rated nation in mass
incarceration globally. This has been associated with the natural
balance and effects of law enforcements aggressively using the
law enforcement and the judicial services system for
incarceration. According to De Blasio, H. B., & Hall, C. (2015),
there is the need for focusing on the role of policing to an
effective allocation of resources to curb expectations and
overall expectations of the society. The aim of the resources to
reduce and increase and effective allocation, planning and
resources introduction of new methods to reduce mass
incarceration in the community. As a result, there is value
generated through the effective implementation of policies in
reducing prison populations. These policies in conjunction with
social science will help in the reduction of crime rates in the
contemporary community.
Opposing Views
There are different views from the educational perspective and
all these views considers the field of criminology not ever
changing. This affects the ability to effectively integrate
policies which are ever changing in the field of law
enforcement. There is the need for developing different
resources such as reducing and contemplating on the importance
and affiliations considered as a way for developing social

6. foundations. For instance, based on Currie, E. (2007), the
foundations of criminology are inherently political and this will
affect the understanding of social science to influence policies
for criminology and to effectively perform the intended
solutions.
Findings and Implications
According to the literature review and the necessary
proceedings from the social science and crime related studies, it
is possible for public policy to participate in criminology and
influence the effects of crime related justice in the community.
It will help in focusing on the growth of policing as an effective
way for understanding changes in the community and using the
necessary changes to influence policies and operational
effectiveness. It is also a way of considering the effects and
changes in the social stand view of the society and crime related
justice.
References
Clear, T. R., & Frost, N. A. (2007). Informing public policy.
Criminology & Public Policy, 6, 633–640.
Clear, T. R., & Frost, N. A. (2008). Rules of engagement:
Criminology and public policy. Criminal Justice Matters, 72,
37–38.
Currie, E. (2007). Against marginality: Arguments for a public
criminology. Theoretical Criminology, 11, 175–190.
De Blasio, H. B., & Hall, C. (2015). Re: Mass Incarceration:

7. Seizing the Moment for Reform.
Goodison, S. E., & Thomson, J. S. (2017). There and Back
Again. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(4), 1099-1105.
Langton, L., Planty, M., & Lynch, J. P. (2017). Second major
redesign of the National Crime Victimization Survey
(NCVS). Criminology & Public Policy, 16(4), 1049-1074.
Lauritsen, J. L., & Cork, D. L. (2017). Expanding Our
Understanding of Crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(4),
1075-1098.
Sandler, J. C., Letourneau, E. J., Vandiver, D. M., Shields, R.
T., & Chaffin, M. (2017). Juvenile sexual crime reporting rates
are not influenced by juvenile sex offender registration
policies. Psychology, public policy, and law, 23(2), 131.
Strom, K. J., & Smith, E. L. (2017). The Future of Crime
Data. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(4), 1027-1048.
Wellford, C. F. (2017). Improving Our Conceptualization and
Measurement of Crime. Criminology & Public Policy, 16(4),
1021-1026.