1. Automotiveindustry
The automotive industry is a wide range of companies and organizations involved in
the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles.[1]
It is one of the
world's most important economic sectors by revenue. The automotive industry does not include
industries dedicated to the maintenance of automobiles following delivery to the end-user, such
as automobile repair shops andmotor fuel filling stations.
The term automotive was created from Greek autos (self), and Latin motivus (of motion) to represent
any form of self-powered vehicle. This term was proposed bySAE member Elmer Sperry.[2]
Contents
[hide]
 1 History
 2 Safety
 3 Economy
 4 World motor vehicle production
o 4.1 By year
o 4.2 By country
o 4.3 By manufacturer
 5 Company relationships
 6 Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume
 7 See also
 8 References
 9 External links
History[edit]
Main article: History of the automobile
Thomas B.Jeffery automobile factoryin Kenosha,Wisconsin,c.1916

2. Citroën assemblyline in 1918
The automotive industry began in the 1890s with hundreds of manufacturers that pioneered
the horseless carriage. For many decades, the United Statesled the world in total automobile
production. In 1929 before the Great Depression, the world had 32,028,500 automobiles in use, and
the U.S. automobile industry produced over 90% of them. At that time the U.S. had one car per 4.87
persons.[3]
After World War II, the U.S. produced about 75 percent of world's auto production. In
1980, the U.S. was overtaken by Japan and became world's leader again in 1994. In 2006, Japan
narrowly passed the U.S. in production and held this rank until 2009, when China took the top spot
with 13.8 million units. With 19.3 million units manufactured in 2012, China almost doubled the U.S.
production, with 10.3 million units, while Japan was in third place with 9.9 million units.[4]
Safety[edit]
Main article: Automobile safety
Safety is a state that implies to be protected from any risk, danger, damage or cause of injury. In the
automotive industry, safety means that users, operators or manufacturers do not face any risk or
danger coming from the motor vehicle or its spare parts. Safety for the automobiles themselves,
implies that there is no risk of damage.
Safety in the automotive industry is particularly important and therefore highly
regulated. Automobiles and other motor vehicles have to comply with a certain number of norms and
regulations, whether local or international, in order to be accepted on the market. The standard ISO
26262,[5]
is considered as one of the best practice framework for achieving automotive functional
safety.[6]
In case of safety issues, danger, product defect or faulty procedure during the manufacturing of the
motor vehicle, the maker can request to return either a batch or the entire production run. This
procedure is called product recall. Product recalls happen in every industry and can be production-
related or stem from the raw material.
Product and operation tests and inspections at different stages of the value chain are made to avoid
these product recalls by ensuring end-user security and safety and compliance with the automotive
industry requirements. However, the automotive industry is still particularly concerned about product
recalls,[7]
which cause considerable financial consequences.
Economy[edit]
See also: Automotive industry by country
Around the world, there were about 806 million cars and light trucks on the road in 2007, consuming
over 980 billion litres (980,000,000 m3
) of gasoline and diesel fuel yearly.[8]
The automobile is a
primary mode of transportation for many developed economies. The Detroit branch of Boston
Consulting Group predicts that, by 2014, one-third of world demand will be in the four BRIC markets
(Brazil, Russia, India and China). Meanwhile, in the developed countries, the automotive industry
has slowed down.[9]
It is also expected that this trend will continue, especially as the younger
generations of people (in highly urbanized countries) no longer want to own a car anymore, and
prefer other modes of transport.[10]
Other potentially powerful automotive markets
are Iran and Indonesia.[11]
Emerging auto markets already buy more cars than established markets.
According to a J.D. Power study, emerging markets accounted for 51 percent of the global light-
vehicle sales in 2010. The study, performed in 2010 expected this trend to accelerate.[12][13]
However,
more recent reports (2012) confirmed the opposite; namely that the automotive industry was slowing
down even in BRIC countries.[14]

3. World motor vehicle production[edit]
See also: List of countries by motor vehicle production
World Motor Vehicle Production[15]
Production volume (1000 vehicles)
to 1950;USA had produced more than 80% of motor vehicles.
1950’s;UK, Germanyand France re-started production.
1960’s;Japan started production and increased volume through 80’s.US,Japan,Germany, France and UK had
produced about80% of motor vehicles through 1980’s.
1990’s;Korea became a volume producer.In 2004, Korea became No.5 passing France.
2000’s;China increased its production drastically,and 2009 became the world largestproducing country.
2013;The share of China (25.4%), Korea,India, Brazil and Mexico rose to 43%, while the share of USA (12.7%),
Japan,Germany, France and UK fell to 34%.
By year[edit]

4. Global production of motorvehicles
(cars and commercial vehicles)
Year Production Change Source
1997 54,434,000 [16]
1998 52,987,000 -2.7% [16]
1999 56,258,892 6.2% [17]
2000 58,374,162 3.8% [18]
2001 56,304,925 -3.5% [19]
2002 58,994,318 4.8% [20]
2003 60,663,225 2.8% [21]
2004 64,496,220 6.3% [22]
2005 66,482,439 3.1% [23]
2006 69,222,975 4.1% [24]
2007 73,266,061 5.8% [25]
2008 70,520,493 -3.7% [26]
2009 61,791,868 -12.4% [27]

5. 2010 77,857,705 26.0% [28]
2011 79,989,155 3.1% [29]
2012 84,141,209 5.3% [30]
2013 87,300,115 3.7% [31]
By country[edit]
Automobile Export Treemap (2012) from Harvard Atlas of Economic Complexity
Main article: List of countries by motor vehicle production
[hide]
 V
 T
 E
« previous year — Top 20 motor vehicle producing cou
Motor vehicle production (units)
Country 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 7,000,000 8,000,000 9,000,000 10,000,000 11,000,000 12,000,000
China 2
United 11,045,902

6. States
Japan 9,630,070
Germany 5,718,222
South
Korea
4,521,429
India 3,880,938
Brazil 3,740,418
Mexico 3,052,395
Thailand 2,532,577
Canada 2,379,806
Russia 2,175,311
Spain 2,163,338
France 1,740,000
UK 1,597,433
Indonesia 1,208,211
Czech
Rep.
1,132,931
Turkey 1,125,534
Slovakia 975,000
Argentina 791,007
Iran 743,680
"Production Statistics". OICA.
By manufacturer[edit]
Rank of manufacturers by production in 2013[32]
Rank Group Country Total Cars LCV HCV
Heavy
Bus
1 Toyota Japan 10,324,995 8,565,176 1,481,722 272,411 5,686
2 GM
United
States
9,628,912 6,733,192 2,890,958 4,762
3 Volkswagen Germany 9,379,229 9,259,506 119,723
4 Hyundai
South
Korea
7,233,080 6,909,194 242,021 67,290 14,575

7. Rank Group Country Total Cars LCV HCV
Heavy
Bus
5 Ford
United
States
6,077,126 3,317,048 2,667,220 92,858
6 Nissan Japan 4,950,924 4,090,677 837,331 22,916
7
Fiat Chrysler
Automobiles
Italy 4,681,704 2,163,040 2,350,697 124,131 43,836
8 Honda Japan 4,298,390 4,263,239 35,151
9 Suzuki Japan 2,842,133 2,452,573 389,560
10 PSA France 2,833,781 2,445,889 387,892
11 Renault France 2,704,675 2,347,913 356,762
12 BMW Germany 2,006,366 2,006,366
13 SAIC China 1,992,250 1,685,392 231,374 74,431 1,053
14 Daimler AG Germany 1,781,507 1,631,502 150,005
15 Mazda Japan 1,264,173 1,175,443 88,730
16 Dongfeng Motor China 1,238,948 642,092 226,319 357,414 13,123
17 Mitsubishi Japan 1,229,441 1,090,571 135,306 3,564

8. Rank Group Country Total Cars LCV HCV
Heavy
Bus
18 Changan China 1,109,889 873,794 166,056 70,039
19 Tata India 1,062,654 650,708 279,511 117,425 15,010
20 Geely China 969,896 969,896
21 BAIC China 918,879 243,437 285,947 384,425 5,070
22 Fuji Japan 808,919 808,919
23 Great Wall China 624,426 487,704 136,722
24 FAW China 717,883 448,290 61,822 203,895 3,876
25 Mahindra India 584,534 407,563 173,398 2,2337 1,236
26 Brilliance China 582,904 279,335 264,210 39,359
27 Isuzu Japan 532,966 36,094 494,907 1,965
28 JAC China 517,577 206,132 120,588 174,571 16,286
29 BYD China 510,950 510,950
30 AvtoVAZ Russia 507,242 495,013 12,229
OICA[33]
defines these entries as follows:

9.  Passenger cars are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used
for the transport of passengers, and comprising no more than eight
seats in addition to the driver's seat.
 Light commercial vehicles (LCV) are motor vehicles with at least
four wheels, used for the carriage of goods. Mass given in tons
(metric tons) is used as a limit between light commercial vehicles
and heavy trucks. This limit depends on national and professional
definitions and varies between 3.5 and 7 tons. Minibuses, derived
from light commercial vehicles, are used for the transport of
passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the
driver's seat and having a maximum mass between 3.5 and 7 tons.
 Heavy trucks (HCV) are vehicles intended for the carriage of
goods. Maximum authorised mass is over the limit (ranging from 3.5
to 7 tons) of light commercial vehicles. They include tractor vehicles
designed for towing semi-trailers.
 Buses and coaches are used for the transport of passengers,
comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat,
and having a maximum mass over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7
tones) of light commercial vehicles.
Company relationships[edit]
It is common for automobile manufacturers to hold stakes in other automobile manufacturers. These
ownerships can be explored under the detail for the individual companies.
Notable current relationships include:[citation needed]
 AB Volvo and Eicher Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called VE
Commercial Vehicles.
 Anadolu Group and Isuzu have a 50-50% joint venture
called Anadolu Isuzu.
 Beijing Automotive Group has a joint venture with Daimler
called Beijing Benz, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. both
companies also have a joint venture called Beijing Foton Daimler
Automobile. BAG also has a joint venture with Hyundai
called Beijing Hyundai, both companies hold a 50-50% stake.
 BMW and Brilliance have a joint venture called BMW Brilliance.
BMW owns a 50% stake, Brilliance owns a 40.5% stake, and the
Shenyang municipal government owns a 9.5% stake.
 Chang'an Automobile Group has three joint ventures, one with PSA
Peugeot Citroen(CAPSA), both hold a 50-50% stake, one with
Suzuki(Changan Suzuki), both hold a 50-50% stake, and one with
Ford and Mazda(Changan Ford Mazda), CAG holds a 50% stake,
Ford holds a 35% stake, and Mazda holds a 15% stake. Chang'an
and Ford have a joint venture called Chang'an Ford Nanjing.
Jiangling and Chang'an have a joint venture called Jiangxi
Jiangling.
 Chery has a joint venture with Tata Motors called Chery Jaguar
Land Rover, both companies hold a 50-50% stake. Chery and Israel
Corporation has a joint venture called Qoros, both companies hold
a 50-50% stake.

10.  Daimler AG holds a 20% stake in Eicher Motors, a 10.0% stake
in KAMAZ, an 89.29% stake in Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus
Corporation, a 4.7% stake in Tesla Motors, a 6.75% stake in Tata
Motors and a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance, a 12% stake in
Beijing Automotive Group, and an 85% stake in Master Motors.
Daimler and BYD Auto have a joint venture called Denza, both
companies hold a 50-50% stake.
 Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Nissan have a 50-50% joint
venture called Venucia, and another 50-50% joint venture
called Dongfeng Motor Company. Dongfeng and PSA Group have a
50-50% joint venture called Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroen, a 50-50%
joint venture with Honda called Dongfeng Honda, a joint venture
with AB Volvo called Dongfeng Nissan-Diesel,a 50-50% joint
venture with Renault named Dongfeng Renault in Wuhan, which
was founded in the end of 2013
 Fiat holds a 90% stake in Ferrari, 100% of Chrysler, a 67% stake
in Fiat Automobili Srbija and 37.8% of Tofaş with another 37.8%
owned by Koç Holding.
 Fiat Automobili Srbija owns a 54% stake in Zastava Trucks.
 Fiat Industrial owns a 46% stake in Zastava Trucks.
 Ford Motor Company holds a 3% stake in Mazda, a 12.1% share
in Aston Martin, a 49% share in Jiangling Motors. Ford and Navistar
International have a 50-50 joint venture called Blue Dimond Truck.
Ford and Sollers JSC have a 50-50 joint venture called Ford
Sollers. Both Ford and Koç Holding own a 41% stake in Ford
Otosan. Ford and Lio Ho Grouphanve a joint venture called Ford Lio
Ho, Ford owns 70% and Lio Ho Group owns 30%.
 FAW Group and GM has a 50-50 joint venture called FAW-GM, a
50-50 joint venture with Volkswagen Group calledFAW-
Volkswagen, and a 50-50 joint venture with Toyota called Sichuan
FAW Toyota Motor and both companies also have another joint
venture called Ranz. FAW Group owns 49% of Haima Automobile
 Fujian Motors Group holds a 15% stake in King Long. FMG, China
Motor, and Daimler has a joint venture called Fujian Benz. FMG,
China Motor, and Mitsubishi Motors has a joint venture
called Soueast, FMG holds a 50% stake, and both China Motor and
Mitsubishi Motors holds an equal 25% stake.
 Geely Automobile holds a 23% stake in Manganese Bronze
Holdings.
 General Motors holds a 20% stake in Industries Mécaniques
Maghrébines. General Motors and Shanghai Automotive Industry
Corporation (SAIC), and has two joint ventures in Shanghai General
Motors and SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile. Both also hold an equal
50% stake in General Motors India Private Limited. And General
Motors holds a 94% stake inGM Korea and SAIC Group holds a 6%
stake. General Motors and UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture
called GM Uzbekistan, UzAvtosanoat owns 75% and General
Motors owns 25%. General Motors and UzAvtosanoat also have a
joint venture called UzDaewooAvto both each hold a 50-50 stake.
GM, AvtoVAZ, and EBRD have a joint venture calledGM-AvtoVAZ,
Both GM and AvtoVAZ owns 41.61% and EBRD owns 16.76%.

11.  Hyundai Motor Group and Kibar Holding has a joint venture
called Hyundai Assan Otomotiv, Hyundai Motor Group owns 70%
and Kibar Holding owns 30%.
 Isuzu and General Motors has a 50-50% joint venture called Isuzu
Truck South Africa. Isuzu owns 10% of Industries Mécaniques
Maghrébines. Isuzu, Sollers JSC, and Imperial Sojitz have a joint
venture called Sollers-Isuzu, Sollers JSC owns66%, Isuzu owns
29%, and Imperial Sojitz owns 5%.
 Mahindra & Mahindra and Navistar International has a joint venture
called Mahindra Trucks and Buses Limited.Mahindra &
Mahindra owns 51% and Navistar International owns 49%.
 MAN SE holds a 17.01% voting stake in Scania. MAN and
UzAvtosanoat have a joint venture called MAN Auto-Uzbekistan,
UzAvtosanoat owns 51% and MAN owns 49%.
 Marcopolo owns 19% of New Flyer Industries.
 Navistar International and JAC has a joint venture called Anhui
Jianghuai Navistar.
 Nissan owns 43% of Nissan Shatai.
 Porsche Automobil Holding SE has a 50.74% voting stake
in Volkswagen Group. The Porsche automotive business is fully
owned by the Volkswagen Group.
 PSA Peugeot Citroen and Toyota have a 50-50% joint venture
called Toyota Peugeot Citroen Automobile Czech, and another joint
venture with Chang'an called Chang'an PSA automobile.
 Renault and Nissan Motors have an alliance( Renault-Nissan
Alliance ) involving two global companies linked by cross-
shareholding, with Renault holding 44.3% of Nissan shares, and
Nissan holding 15% of (non-voting) Renault shares. The alliance
holds a 3.1% share in Daimler AG.
 Renault holds a 25% stake in AvtoVAZ and an 80.1% stake
in Renault Samsung.
 SAIPA holds a 51% stake in Pars Khodro.
 Sollers JSC is involved in Joint ventures with Ford(Ford Sollers) and
Mazda to produce cars.
 Toyota holds a 51% stake in Daihatsu, 16.5% in Fuji Heavy
Industries, parent company of Subaru, and a 10% stake inTesla, .
 Volkswagen Group holds a 37.73% stake in Scania (68.6% voting
rights), a 53.7% stake in MAN SE (55.9% voting rights), and a
99.55% stake in the Audi Group. Volkswagen is integrating Scania,
MAN and its own truck division into one division.Volkswagen
Group has a 19.9% stake in Suzuki, and Suzuki has a 5% stake in
Volkswagen.
 Paccar inc. has a 19% stake in Tatra.
 Tata Motors also formed a joint venture with Fiat and gained access
to Fiat’s diesel engine technology. Tata Motorssells Fiat cars in
India through a 50/50 joint venture Fiat Automobiles India Limited,
and is looking to extend its relationship with Fiat and Iveco to other
segments. Tata and Marcopolo have a Tata Marcopolo, Tata owns
51% and Marcopolo owns 49%.
 ZAP owns 51% of Zhejiang Jonway.

12. Top vehicle manufacturing groups by volume[edit]
The table below shows the world's largest motor vehicle manufacturing groups, along with
the marques produced by each one. The table is ranked by 2013 production figures from
the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers(OICA)[32]
for the parent group, and
then alphabetically by marque. Joint ventures are not reflected in this table. Production figures of
joint ventures are typically included in OICA rankings, which can become a source of
controversy.[34][35]
Marque
Country of
origin
Ownership Markets
1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Daihatsu Subsidiary Europe, Asia (except South Korea), Africa, and South America
Hino Subsidiary South East Asia, Japan, North America and South America
Lexus
Business
Unit
South East Asia, Japan, Middle East, United States, Canada,
Europe, Brazil, Panama, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South
Africa, India
Ranz
Business
Unit
China
Scion Division United States,Canada
Toyota Division Global, except Iran
2. General Motors Company ( United States)
Buick
Business
Unit
United States,Canada, Mexico, China, Israel
Cadillac
Business
Unit
North America, Europe, Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea

13. Chevrolet
Business
Unit
Global, except Australia, New Zealand
GMC
Business
Unit
North America, Middle East (except Israel)
Holden Subsidiary Australia, New Zealand
JieFang
Business
Unit
China
Opel
Business
Unit
Europe (except UK), North Africa, South Africa, Middle East,
China, Singapore, Chile
Vauxhall
Business
Unit
United Kingdom
UzDaewoo
Business
Unit
Central Asia, Russia
Wuling
Business
Unit
China
3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany)
Audi Subsidiary Global, except Iran
Bentley Subsidiary Global
Bugatti Subsidiary Global
Lamborghini Subsidiary Global

14. Ducati Subsidiary Global
MAN Subsidiary Global, except North America and Australia
Porsche Subsidiary Global, except Iran
Scania Subsidiary Global
SEAT Subsidiary
Europe, Central America, South America, Middle East and
Northern Africa
Škoda Subsidiary
Europe, Asia, Central America (including Dominican Republic),
South America, Northern and western Africa, Australia, New
Zealand
Volkswagen Division Global
Volkswagen
Commercial
Vehicles
Subsidiary Europe, Central America, South America, Australia, China
VTB
Business
Unit
South America and South Africa
4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea)
Hyundai Division Global
Kia Subsidiary Global, except Japan
5. Ford Motor Company ( United States)

15. Ford Division Global
Lincoln
Business
Unit
United States,Canada, Mexico, Middle East, Japan, South Korea,
China
Troller Subsidiary South America, Africa
6. Nissan( Japan)
Datsun Division Indonesia, India, Russia, South Africa
Infiniti Subsidiary Global, except Japan, Korea, South America and Africa
Nissan Division Global
Venucia
Business
Unit
China
7. FCA Group
Abarth Subsidiary Global, except Iran
Alfa Romeo Subsidiary Global, except Iran, China, Taiwan and the Philippines
Chrysler Division
Global, except Europe (excluding UK and Ireland), Africa
(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia
(excluding the Philippines)
Dodge Division
Global, except Europe, Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt),
South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines)
Ferrari Subsidiary Global, except Iran

16. Fiat Subsidiary
Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East
Asia
Fiat Professional
Business
Unit
Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East
Asia, United States,Canada
Jeep Division
Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South
Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines)
Lancia Division Italy
Maserati Subsidiary Global
Ram Division United States,Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Middle East, Peru
SRT
Business
Unit
Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South
Asia, South East Asia
Tofaş
Joint
Venture
Europe
Zastava Trucks Subsidiary Europe
8. Honda Motor Company ( Japan)
Acura Division United States,Canada, Mexico, China
Everus
Business
Unit
China
Honda Division Global

17. 9. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan)
Suzuki Division Global, except USA, Canada and Korea
Maruti Suzuki Subsidiary India, Middle East, South America
10. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France)
Citroën Subsidiary
Europe, Central and South America, Northern and Western Africa,
South Africa, Madagascar,Australia, New Zealand, Asia (except
India, Pakistan and Bangladesh)
Peugeot Subsidiary Global, except USA, Canada, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
See also[edit]
 Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
 Automotive industry by country
 Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
 Automotive market
 Big Three automobile manufacturers
 Effects of the 2008-2009 automotive industry crisis on the United
States
 List of countries by motor vehicle production
 Motocycle
 Largest automotive companies by revenue
References[edit]
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3. Jump up^ "U.S. Makes Ninety Percent of World's
Automobiles".Popular Science 115 (5): 84. November 1929.
Retrieved6 August 2013.
4. Jump up^ "2012 Production Statistics". OICA. Retrieved 6
August2013.

18. 5. Jump up^ "ISO 26262-10:2012 Road vehicles -- Functional safety
-- Part 10: Guideline on ISO 26262". International Organization for
Standardization. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
6. Jump up^ "Functional Safety". SGS. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
7. Jump up^ "Product Recalls in the Automotive Industry" (Press
release). SGS. 13 March 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
8. Jump up^ "Automobile Industry Introduction". Plunkett Research.
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9. Jump up^ Developed countries having slowing automotive
industry
10. Jump up^ Younger generations shifting to other modes of
transport
11. Jump up^ Paul A. Eisenstein Building BRIC's: 4 Markets Could
Soon Dominate the Auto World at TheDetroitBureau.com
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new world record". The Truth About Cars. Retrieved 7 August2011.
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as Mature Auto Markets Recover, Emerging Markets Continue to
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15. Jump up^ U.S. DOT Table 1-23: World Motor Vehicle Production,
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content/uploads/2007/06/cl98type.pdf
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statistics/
18. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2000-
statistics/
19. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2001-
statistics/
20. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2002-
statistics/
21. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2003-
statistics/
22. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2004-
statistics/
23. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2005-
statistics/
24. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2006-
statistics/
25. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-
statistics/
26. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-
statistics/
27. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2009-
statistics
28. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2010-
statistics/
29. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2011-
statistics/
30. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/
31. Jump up^ http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/

19. 32. ^ Jump up to:a b "World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of
Manufacturers Year 2013" (PDF). OICA. Retrieved2014-11-23.
33. Jump up^ "Definitions". OICA. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
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Retrieved 2010-06-12.
35. Jump up^ "TTAC Announces World's Top Ten Automakers". The
Truth About Cars. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010.
Retrieved 2010-06-12.
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