Embryo Editing Outline Gene Editing Ethics Genome Editing Essay Peer Editing Analysis Peer Editing Reflection

1. Embryo Editing Outline
BODY
I.What is embryo editing?
A.In order to edit embryos, you need to use a tool.
1.(..)Researchers have been developing tools since 1975 and throughout time Jennifer Doudna have
developed a tool called the CRISPR–Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic
repeats– associated genes).
B.(...) Researchers can edit genes by ridding the faulty genes and replacing the lettering(coding) with
the CRISPR–Cas9.
1.CRISPR–Cas9 is also known as genetic scissors. (...) While using the CRISPR–Cas9 researchers
are basically cutting out the faulty mutation and correcting it.
2.Once you do the genetic screening you can proceed with the gene splitting and edit them
efficiently. Gene splitting is done outside of the body, or preimplantation,...show more content...
According to The Guardian Now we can edit the embryo successfully so why should we do it.
II.Pros when it comes to embryo editing
A.When we look into curing or even reducing the frequency of viruses using the tool could make a
huge impact on many lives.
1.US and the Korean team have given evidence basically saying that when you edit the genes with
faulty mutations, you might not be able to fix them all the way but you can fix them from 50% to
70%. (...)
2.The US and Korean team can wipe out the faulty mutations from the sperm or the egg the virus
might be gone forever.
B.There are thousands of viruses in the human body that can come from one faulty mutation. (...)
This is a complex process because again there are thousands of viruses. When you have faulty
genes the chances it will be passed on to your kids is right in the middle at 50%. (...)
C.With new tool parents could have their ideal or genetically enhanced children they may desire
1.The US and Korean team created 58 human embryos while using the CRISPR–Cas9 they were able
to repair faulty genes up to 70%. (...) According to Quartz.
According to
The Guardian
Show diagram
According to
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2. Gene Editing Ethics
The days of human embryonic gene editing are rapidly approaching with the development of the
editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 and are crucial tools for understanding the molecular pathway and gene
functions. Genome editing technologies can quickly and efficiently modify the genomes by
introducing or genetically correcting mutations either in human cells or animal models, also
advanced towards mammalian models and clinical trials in humans. In China, the genetic
modification of human embryos using CRISPR/Cas9 tools was achieved by the Huang laboratory in
2015 and they have introduces new ethical questions regarding human treatment. CRISPR/Cas9 is
one of the newest genomic technologies that has completely revolutionized the understanding of
disease...show more content...
While the interest and use of CRISPR/Cas9 has exploded since its discovery in 2012 and since then
has seen a rapid improvements, prominent scientists in the field have already initiated conversations
regarding the ethical implications that arise when modifying the human genome. Preventing genetic
diseases by human genetic engineering is inevitable. Opening the doors for genetic engineering of
human embryos could with time lead to manipulate genetics for desirable traits, raising the fear of
creating a eugenic driven human
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3. Genome Editing Essay
Introduction
Genome editing is a huge leap forward in science and medicine. Because of recent advances in
technology, the study of genes and induced 'point' mutations have led to the discovery and
advancement of methods previously used in order to mutate genes. The development of Clusters
of Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR associated system 9
protein (Cas9) technology is a hugely significant leap forward as this is a tool that could potentially
be used for the research into and hopefully the treatment of a range of medical conditions that are
genetically related. Cystic fibrosis (Schwank, G. et al, 2013), haemophilia and sickle cell disease are
an example of some of the conditions that have the...show more content...
Once the complex was bound to the DNA, a cut would be made to eliminate and destroy the
invaders. 83% of archaeal genomes and 45% of bacterial genomes (Shabbir, M. et al, 2016) were
shown to be able to successfully utilize the CRISPR Cas9 system. These are very promising
statistics, so it is no wonder that there has been such an advancement in the past few years to bring
this technology to eukaryotic cells, mammalian cells and eventually human cells.
With the rate and volume that new experiments and experimental procedures are being tried and
tested, it can be expected that a Nobel Prize will soon be won for the discovery and advancement of
this potential life–saving 'tool'. The category of Nobel Prize and who it potentially should be
awarded to are discussed later in this essay.
The Role of CRISPR/Cas9 as a Genome Editing Tool
There are three types of CRISPR systems. The Type II CRISPR system (where the interface is
mediated by a single large protein in conjunction with crRNA) is the simplest of the three and it is
this one that has been the basis for genome editing.
The Cas9 protein is an enzyme that effectively acts as a pair of molecular 'scissors', cutting
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4. Peer Editing Analysis
The peer editing is to correct your paper from person who is in the same age or level and write
their opinion about it. That can help you to have other view from someone's in your level. It was
my first editing experience. I learned about something new in writing skills, which is how to edit
other paper, and how to give them your opinion. Also, when I see other personpaper, it helps me to
think widely and gain more ideas about how to be a good writer also whom I can read my paper as
critic to it. Moreover, it helps me to think correctly to give right advice to other person. Editing
peer gives me chance to participate with classmate how she thought. Moreover, it was as a practice
to my grammar when I correct my partner paper. I edited two papers
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5. Peer Editing Reflection
For the college essay practice paper we peer edited, reread, sought instructor advice, and rewrote
our essays until we felt that our paper was worthy of being turned in. By the end of the process we
should have had a final draft which was almost completely different from our original copies. This
process, in my opinion, is extremely valuable to the course as it is vital in order for incoming
students to improve their writing abilities. Personally, the technique in the process which forced me
to realize my mistakes on a broader level, more than any other step, was the one foot reading to find
syntax errors and awkward diction which our brains skim over when simply rereading the essay. Peer
editing, while still helpful, didn't seem as useful
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