Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
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Using rules of preposition
1. āĻāĻ° āĻ°
īļ Pre Position āĨ¤ Word Noun Pronoun- Noun
Pronoun- Word- Preposition āĨ¤
: There is a cow in the field. in Preposition Cow field- āĨ¤
āĻāĻ āĻ¨ āĻ āĻ āĻ°ā§ āĻ¯āĻ āĻ°āĻ°āĻ¤ āĻā§āĻĻā§ āĻāĻ° āĻā§āĻ°āĻŋ āĻ° āĻ¨ āĻ¸
īļ Simple Preposition : Word Preposition Simple Preposition
: In, On, by, at, with, āĨ¤
īļ Double Preposition: Simple Preposition Double Preposition- āĨ¤
: Within (with+in), into (in+to)
īļ Compound Preposition : Noun, adjective adverb- Simple Preposition Preposition
Compound Preposition āĨ¤ On a by b be āĨ¤ : about
(on+by+out), below (by+low)
īļ Phrase Preposition : Preposition ( Word) Phrase Preposition āĨ¤ : In front
of, In order to , In lieu of āĨ¤
īļ Participle Preposition : Participle of verb (Present or past) Preposition-
āĨ¤ : I saw the people walking past him.
īļ Disguised Preposition : on, at, of, Preposition- a o āĨ¤
a o Disguised Preposition āĨ¤
īļ Special Preposition : Than āĻ but Conjunction āĻ Preposition āĨ¤
Special Preposition āĨ¤ : Iam older than her.
īļ Verbal Preposition : Preposition Verb- Verb āĨ¤ : Overlook
(Over+look), Withdraw (with+draw).
āĻĻāĻ°āĻ° āĻ°āĻ¨ā§āĻŽ -
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī , , āĻ at
āĨ¤ at Baratengra, at Chashara
ī at āĨ¤ I go to bed at 10 oâ clock.
ī at āĨ¤ The country is at war now.
ī / at āĨ¤ Iffat was driving the car at 100 kilometers per hour.
ī at āĨ¤ You must repair it at your own cost.
ī at āĨ¤ Barguna is at 50 kilometers from here.
ī at āĨ¤ He lost his father at 10.
ī at āĨ¤ He pointed the gun at him.
2. āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
arrive, astonished, annoyed, envy, fire, knock, shame, smile, laugh, surprised, louch, wonder, alarm, jeer.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī āĻ āĻ to āĨ¤
i. He goes to school everyday. ii. He came to Bangladesh in 1971.
āĻ āĻ home, abroad, here, there to āĨ¤
From here to there.
ī V+ / = to+V1. i. He told me to read a book. ii.I have nothing to give you.
ī to āĨ¤ He came to me.
ī to āĨ¤ The food is to me test.
ī to āĨ¤ Japan is to the east of our country.
ī to āĨ¤ They fought to the last.
ī / to āĨ¤ There are 2.54 c.m. to an inch.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
incline, harmful, beneficial, injurious, according, accustomed, add, admit, adjacent, affectionate, attend, bar, cling,
belong, close, commit, common, known, confined, congenial, contrary, dedicate, devote, expose, exceptional, yeld,
grateful, hostile, indebted, introduced, irrelevant, liable, loyal,object, prefer, preferable, senior,junior, superior,talk,
inferior, prone, refer, reply, speak, lead, eager,willing.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī in āĨ¤ in English, in Accounting, in Arabic.
ī ā§ in āĨ¤ We live in Dhaka.
ī ( / / ) in āĨ¤ We get freedom in December in 1971.
ī in āĨ¤ I am unable to help you in this regard.
ī in āĨ¤ He is in a good health.
ī in āĨ¤ You have to do it in your own interest.
ī in āĨ¤ He has been in politics.
ī in āĨ¤ You have to pay the bill in cash.
ī in āĨ¤ In England, one in three enters higher education.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
expert, excel, indulge, succeed, believe, assist, interested, consist ( ), lie, encourage, grory, persist, rich,
trade.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī / / for āĨ¤ It has been raining for two hours.
ī for āĨ¤ What can I do for you?
ī for āĨ¤ Would you please do it for me?
ī for āĨ¤ Rajshahi is famous for its mangoes.
ī for āĨ¤ Are you for the proposal?
3. ī for āĨ¤ I bought this pen for 20 taka.
ī for āĨ¤ You will get a coupon for every 100 taka you pay.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
compensate, ask, affection, appetite, bound, care, desire, long, fit, search, seek, thirst, zeal, zest.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī from āĨ¤
ī = from me.
ī = From Dhaka.
ī The man come from abroad.
ī Donât get down from a running bus.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
refrain, resist, obstrain, prohibited, protect, prevent, preserve, aloof, deferent, suffer.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī of āĨ¤ I know nothing of it.
ī / of āĨ¤ It is the house of Mr. Khan.
ī / of āĨ¤ He comes of a respectable family.
ī āĻŖ of āĨ¤ The house is made of stone.
ī of āĨ¤ The young boy of cholera.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
fond, sure, conscious, aware, inform, proud, boast, capable, deprieve, devoid, accused, charged, advantage, dull,
afraid, approve, bereft, cause, consist( ), cure, in the habit, in favour, envious, fear, full, ignorant, get rid,
jealous, shortage.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī on āĨ¤ Dhaka is on the Buriganga.
ī on āĨ¤ The book is on the table.
ī Floor on āĨ¤ The office is on the 4th floor.
ī on āĨ¤ The Buriganga is on the south of Dhaka.
ī / on āĨ¤ He will come back on Sunday on the 5th May.
ī on āĨ¤ He wrote an essay on the cow.
ī on āĨ¤ We live on rice.
ī on āĨ¤ He has taken leave on medical advice.
ī āĻŖ on āĨ¤ The river looks beautiful on a moonlit night.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
congratulate, comment, pride, rely, bestowed, insist, determined, depend, impose, reflect, take pity.
4. āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī by āĨ¤ By hard labour.
ī by āĨ¤ He sat by me.
ī by āĨ¤ Nipu achieved success by determination.
ī by āĨ¤ I shall travel by road.
ī by āĨ¤ I swear by almighty Allah.
ī Passive Form- by āĨ¤ The work was done by me.
ī by āĨ¤ The room is 12 feet by 10 feet.
ī ( ) by āĨ¤ He will come back by 5 pm.
ī by āĨ¤ They are improving day by day.
ī by āĨ¤ He is an American by birth.
ī āĻŖ by āĨ¤ We went to Khulna by bus.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
accompanied, affected, judge.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī with āĨ¤ He came with me.
ī / with āĨ¤ I killed the snake with a stick,
ī with āĨ¤ The shadow lengthened with the approach of the sun.
āĻ°āĻ¨āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĻ āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻĻāĻ¸āĨ¤
burden, cope, keep, up, keep pace, acquitted, angry, annoy, beset, blessed, covered, compare( with
to), content, familiar, invest, popular, reward.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī off āĨ¤
: (a) I called him but he ran off. (b) Summer is not far off now.
ī off āĨ¤
: (a) Take your shoes off. (b) He has had his beard shaved off.
ī off āĨ¤ : The ceremony is off.
ī off āĨ¤
: (a) She is off today. (b) I have got three days off next week.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī into āĨ¤ The teacher entered into the class room.
ī into āĨ¤ Water is changed into snow.
ī into āĨ¤ The truck crashed into a parked car.
ī āĻ into āĨ¤ They were divided into three groups.
ī into āĨ¤ Speak clearly into the microphone.
5. āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī above āĨ¤ The water came above our knees.
ī above āĨ¤ The sun is above our head now.
ī āĻŖ above āĨ¤ Present temperature is above average.
ī / above āĨ¤ Hemani is above suspicion.
ī above āĨ¤ I couldnât hear him above the noise of the traffic.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī / about āĨ¤ I knew something about it.
ī about āĨ¤ The runners were running about the circle.
ī about āĨ¤ He came here about the marriage ceremony.
ī / about āĨ¤ He has lost about 1 lac taka.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī after āĨ¤ He came after me.
ī after āĨ¤ Iâve told him time after not to do that.
ī after āĨ¤ They run after the thief.
ī after āĨ¤ He returned home after a month.
ī after āĨ¤ Issa is the tallest after Mimi.
ī after āĨ¤ After all, he is a good boy.
ī after āĨ¤ The house is pleasantly cool after the extreme heat outside.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī before āĨ¤ He came before lunch.
ī / before āĨ¤ He stood before me.
ī / before āĨ¤ He puts his work before everything.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī ( ) among āĨ¤ There is a house among the trees.
ī â among āĨ¤ Divided the mangoes among the three boys.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī within āĨ¤ He will come back within a month.
ī within āĨ¤ We should live within our means.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī over āĨ¤ There is a bridge over the river.
ī over āĨ¤ They run over the glass.
ī / over āĨ¤ They have traveled over the world.
ī over āĨ¤ They live over the road.
ī over āĨ¤ He was in America for over a month.
6. ī over āĨ¤ He has a director over him.
ī over āĨ¤ He talked over telephone.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī under āĨ¤ The ball is under the table.
ī / / under āĨ¤ i. He is under 20. ii. He earns under 5000.
ī under āĨ¤ The building is under construction.
ī under āĨ¤ He is under sentence to death.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī between āĨ¤ i. He stood between his two brothers. ii.Divide the mango
between two sisters.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī ā§ without āĨ¤ i. He found the place without difficulty. ii.We canât live without
water.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī / beyond āĨ¤ The road continues beyond the villages up into the hills.
ī beyond āĨ¤ It wonât go on beyond midnight.
ī beyond āĨ¤ The car was beyond repair.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī â â poinr of time since āĨ¤ since 1971, since Sunday, since June.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī by beside āĨ¤ beside me, beside the man, beside you.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī / Through āĨ¤ through the forest, through struggle.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī ā§ ā§ / across āĨ¤ i. Go across the street, ii. My house is just across the
road.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī / off āĨ¤ i. Be off from here, ii. Swithch the fan off.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī , āĻŖ , across āĨ¤ i. My particulars are given
below. ii. Rahim has got below 80% marks. iii. He lives below middle class status.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī down āĨ¤ The boy has fallen down from the roof
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī up āĨ¤ i. Go up the hill. ii. Climb up the tree.
āĻāĻ° āĻ°
ī ā§ āĻ besides āĨ¤ I have another pen besides this.