2. CASEMENT WINDOWS
This is a window that is
attached to its frame by
one or more hinges.
Casement windows are
hinged at the side. They
are used singly or in
pairs within a common
frame, in which case
they are hinged on the
outside.
3. AWNING AND HOPPERS WINDOWS
Windows hinged at the
top are referred to as
awning windows and
open outwards
Windows hinged at the
bottom are called
hoppers and open
inwards.
4. BAY WINDOW
A multi-panel window,
with at least three
panels set at different
angles to create a
protrusion from the
wall line.
5. BOW WINDOW
A bow window is a
curved bay window.
They typically combine
four or more casement
windows, which join
together to form an
arch.
6. DOUBLE HUNG WINDOWS
A sash window is the
traditional style of
window in the United
Kingdom with two parts
(sashes) that overlap
slightly and slide up and
down inside the frame.
The two parts are not
necessarily the same
size
7. FRENCH DOORS/WINDOW
A French window (when
hinged French door) is a
large door-sized lattice
light, typically set in
pairs or multiples
thereof. They often
overlook a terrace.
8. PICTURE WINDOWS
This is a large fixed
window in a wall.
Picture windows
provide an unimpeded
view, as if framing a
picture.
10. WINDOW TREATMENT
Window treatments are used to control the
degree to which windows perform their
various functions. They have great design
potential as sources of beauty and character
too. Window treatments can be classified as
Stiff Window Treatments
Soft Window Treatments
13. BLINDS
A window blind is a
type of window
covering which is made
with slats of fabric,
wood, plastic or metal
that adjust by rotating
from an open position
to a closed position by
allowing slats to
overlap.
15. ROLLER BLINDS
These let in plenty
of light when
drawn up, yet give
complete privacy
when unrolled and
let down. Roller
blinds are made of
thick fabrics used in
conjunction with
rollers.
16. ROMAN BLINDS
These are made of
fabrics attached to
cords. When the
cords are pulled, the
blinds rise up in
accordion pleats to
form a pelmet. They
are heavier and
warmer than roller
blinds.
18. VENETIAN BLINDS
They are made of
parallel slats of wood,
metal or plastic aligned
horizontally. They are
popular for their almost
complete control of air,
light and view. They are
usually low in price and
some custom- designed
blinds come in different
colours and patterns.
19. VERTICAL LOUVRE BLINDS
These are most
effective on large floor-
to-ceiling window. They
work on the same
principal as the venetian
blinds, except that they
close across the window
rather than down. The
slats are wider than the
venetian type but less
opaque.
20. PINOLEUM BLINDS
These inexpensive
covering for large
windows. They are
made of fine strips
of wood held
together by cotton,
and let a pleasant,
soft light filter
through.
21. BALASTORE BLINDS
These are inexpensive
blinds made of strong
paper fibre. They are
accordion-pleated to act
like folding blinds
Balastores are
perforated with small
holes to let the light
through without glare.
22. PLEATEX BLINDS
These are made from
stronger paper than
balastores and have
smaller pleats. The
paper gives privacy,
but let’s sunlight
through, which is
filtered and tinted the
colour of the paper.
23. AUSTRIAN BLINDS
These are ruched
fabrics (trimmed with
gathers). They may be
used partially raised,
and when fully raised,
they form a decorative
pelmet. They are used
in banquet halls and
large lobbies for a
sumptuous effect.
24. SHADES
A window shade does
not have slats but
comprises a single
piece of material that
can be rolled to control
the degree of the
various functions of
the window. These
shades are machine-
operated as well as
hand operated.
25. BAMBOO AND WOVEN WOOD
SHADES
Slatted shades have the
advantage in that they
let through some light
and air, and allow
outwards-only visibility
in the day time. They
block the inward view
at the same time,
depending on the
tightness of the weave
or the size of the slats.
26. FABRIC ROLLER SHADES
These are inexpensive
and can be flexibly
adjusted to cover as
much of windows as
required at a particular
time. They can be
translucent, letting in
some light or completely
opaque. These shades
are available in many
colours, textures, and
patterns.
28. SHUTTER
A window shutter is a solid
and stable window
covering usually consisting of a
frame of vertical stiles and
horizontal rails (top, center
and bottom). Set within this
frame can be louvers (both
operable or fixed, horizontal or
vertical), solid panels, fabric,
glass and most any other item
that can be mounted within a
frame
30. SCREENS
A window screen, insect
screen or bug screen is
a metal wire, fibreglass, or
other synthetic fibre mesh,
stretched in a frame of wood
or metal, designed to cover
the opening of an
open window. Its primary
purpose is to keep insects,
leaves, debris, birds, and
other animals from entering a
building, while permitting
fresh air-flow
33. CURTAIN
A curtain is a piece
of cloth intended
to block or
obscure lights,
or drafts,
or water in the
case of a shower
curtain
34. CURTAINS
Curtains often contribute more to the
atmosphere of the room than any other item
of furnishing. Plain, heavy curtains falling
down to the floor can be used to create a
formal setting. Short curtains made of light,
brightly patterned fabrics are used to create
an informal, relaxed atmosphere. Apart from
creating the desired atmosphere, curtains give
flexible control over privacy, heat, light, and to
some extent noise.
35. CURTAINS
Curtains fulfil several important functions:
• They give flexible control over privacy, heat and light.
• They soak up the noise in proportions to the area
they cover, the thickness of the fabric, and the
depths of the fold.
• The can add colour and pattern to the decor.
• They cover bareness and furnish a room even
without furniture
• They can change the apparent size of the room or
conceal architectural flaws
36. GLASS CURTAIN
These are also
called sheer or net
curtains and are
usually made of
cotton or polyester.
They are appealing
in light pastel
shades.
37. DRAPERY
A drapery refers
to a loosely hung
soft furnishing.
These are made of
heavier fabrics and
may be lined. The
heading is usually
pleated.
39. STRAIGHT-HUNG DRAPES
These can be used
with valance or
cornice, but the
window will seem
taller without a
decorative
heading.
40. SASH CURTAINS
These are types of
glass curtain hung on
the window sash.
They can be
stretched taut
between rods along
with the top and
bottom of the
window sashes or
hung in loose folds.
41. DRAW CURTAINS
These are usually
made of translucent
or opaque fabrics and
are mounted on
traverse rods. In
earlier days, they
were used between
glass curtains and
draperies, but these
days they are more
often used alone.
42. TIE-BACKS
Either a single panel can
be tied back to one side
or both the panels can
be tied back to the two
sides. They are often tied
back to the window
frame. A pair of curtain
looped back makes a
window seem much
narrower than a single
curtain tied back.
44. CRISS-CROSS CURTAINS/ PRISCILLAS
These curtains are a
variation of the tie-back
type. Both the curtain
panels overlap each other
at the top along the entire
width of the window and
then criss-cross each other
when they are tied back.
Criss-cross curtains
generally make a window
seem wider.
45. FRENCH CAFE CURTAINS
These cover only the
lower part of the
window, with the casing
slipped over a tension
rod mounted in the
window frame. They
provide privacy at one
level and light at
another. These are ideal
for informal setting.
48. ROLL UPS
These are shades made of a
sturdy fabric and lined with
a contrasting fabric. The
shade can be rolled or
unrolled to the desired
position and held in place
by means of a sash. When
rolled up, the contrast-
coloured lining and top
fabrics are shown off
together.
49. TYPES OF CURTAIN PLEATS
The various types of curtain pleats are
standard pleats, pencil or cartridge
pleats, pinch pleats, triple pleats, box
pleats, French or Windsor pleats, and
goblet pleats
53. PELMETS AND CORNICES
Cornices are box-like shapes used at the top horizontal
portion of the drapery treatment to hide the poles and
other hardware. They are generally 4 to 7 inches deep.
The width of a cornice should be little less than one-
eighth of the overall length of the floor length drapery.
They should be made of wood, plastic, or mirrored glass.
Wooden cornices are the most frequently used and a
plain wooden board with an interesting moulding at the
top and bottom is always good taste. Wooden cornices
may be finished in their natural colour, painted in some
other colour, or covered with cloth, cork or leather.
Sometimes the coverings are edged in brass nails.
56. SWAGS
Swags are decorative,
drapery treatments
meant to hide the
curtain headings and
usually taper to a
cascade (also called a
tail). These loop and fall
luxuriously over a
curtain pole, ending in
elaborate tails.
58. VALANCE
A window valance is a form of window
treatment that covers the uppermost part of
the window and can be hung alone or paired
with window blinds or curtains. These are
made up of fabrics that can be pleated,
scalloped (having an edge or border marked
with semicircles) or ruffled. They should never
exceed one-sixth of the window’s height and
should be about 8-12 inches in depth.
60. CURTAIN RODS
Finding the right hardware is essential to the
success of the window treatment. Curtain
rods are generally used for shirred curtains of
simple cafes. Most rods are now in adjustable
lengths.
