2. Overview
Energy challenge
Why hydrogen and fuel cells
Hydrogen Challenge
Research and Development
Conclusion
3. Energy Challenge in
transportation • Average
Energy
energy
Demand demand Crisis
growth rate is
1.8 % p.a.
• 26 billions Temperature
Fossil Pollution tons of CO2 rise and climate
Fuels yearly change
• Non-
renewable
Security High fuel
• Limited price
sources
9. Fuel Cell
Present
GM: predict to reduce use of 80 g Pt
to ~30 g (current price of about 60 $
Past Drawback per g)
Toyota:
Cold Weather: Highlander DOE: costs per kw of
Cell shut down, SUV -start up at H2 power dropped
water vapor -37 degree C by nearly 75 %
freezing between 2002 and
2008
10. On Board Storage
Present
Hold enough fuel for the average fuel
cell car to travel 320 km
Past Drawback
Modern light
Gaseous H2 : Getting
weight carbon- By 2015, DOE
enough on board would
fiber tanks, store hopes to
require ridiculously large
H2 at 680 atmp achieve 480 km
tank
11. Production
Plus
Cheapest
Source: steam
and natural gas
$4–5.3 /kg, compared
Can be produced : with $1.7/kg for H2
renewable (hydro, from natural gas but
CO2
wind, solar, biomass, expand the use of
emission
geothermal) renewable energy :
growth potential is
enormous
12. Adoption
Customer base, increase
production and bring down NAIGT ‘s a road map to fuel
costs cell vehicles
The NRC panel estimated that
the U.S. federal government
would need to spend about
$10 billion between 2008 and
2023 to develop a self-
sustaining hydrogen-fuel
infrastructure
13. Conclusion
Central role in addressing growing concerns over carbon emissions and
climate change as well as future availability and security of energy supply
Capability to produce green revolution
Require scientific breakthroughs and significant technological
developments coupled with continued social and political commitment
Animated radial list with picture(Intermediate)To reproduce the SmartArt effects on this slide, do the following:On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then clickBlank. On the Insert tab, in the Illustrations group, click SmartArt. In the Choose a SmartArt Graphic dialog box, in the left pane, click Relationship. In the Relationship pane, click Radial List, and then click OK to insert the graphic into the slide.To enter text, select the graphic, and then click one of the arrows on the left border. In the Type your text here dialog box, in the top level bullets, enter the text for the three, smaller circle shapes in the graphic. In the second-level bullets, type the text for the bullets to the right of the three, smaller circle shapes.On the slide, select the SmartArt, and then on the Design tab, in the Themes group, click Colors, and under Built-In, select Technic.Press and hold CTRL, and on the slide, select the large circle and all three small circles.On the Home tab, in the Drawing group, click the arrow to the right of ShapeEffects, point to Preset, and under Presets and select Preset2 (first row, the second option from the left).On the slide, click on the picture icon in the center of the large circle. In the Insert Picture dialog box, select a picture, and then click Insert. (Notes: (1) If the picture in the large circle is distorted, tile the picture as a texture by selecting the large, picture-filled circle, and then on the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and in the Fill pane check Tilepicture as texture. (2) If necessary, change the tile position of the picture within the shape. To do this, in the FormatShape dialog box, in the Fill pane, under Tiling options, enter values into the OffsetX and OffsetY boxes to reposition the focal point of the picture. To resize the picture, in the FormatShape dialog box, in the Fill pane, under Tiling options, enter values into the Scale X and Scale Y boxes.)Select the top, small circle in the SmartArt graphic. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and in the Fill pane click Solidfill, and then in the Color list select Gray-25%, Background 2, Darker 75% (fifth row, the third option from the left).Select the middle small circle in the SmartArt graphic.On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and in the Fill pane click Solidfill, and then in the Color list select Gold, Accent 2 (first row, the sixth option from the left).Select the bottom small circle in the SmartArt graphic. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, and in the Fill pane click Solidfill, and then in the Color list select Lavender, Accent 3 (first row, the seventh option from the left).Press and hold CTRL, and select all three lines connecting the large circle to the three smaller circles. On the Home tab, in the bottom right corner of the Drawing group, click the FormatShape dialog box launcher. In the FormatShape dialog box, do the following:Click LineColor in the left pane, and in the LineColor pane click Solidline.Also in the LineColor pane, in the Color list select White, Background 1, Darker 25% (fourth row, first option from the left).Click LineStyle in the left pane, and in the LineStyle pane, in the Width box enter 2.5 pt.Also in the LineStyle pane, in the Dashtype list select RoundDot (second option from the top).Press and hold CTRL, and select all three text boxes in the SmartArt graphic. On the Home tab, in the Font group, in the FontSize box enter 22 pt.To reproduce the animation effects on this slide, do the following:Select the SmartArt graphic on the slide. On the Animations tab, in the AdvancedAnimation group, click Add Animation, and then under Entrance click Fade.Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select With Previous.In the Duration box, enter 1.00 seconds.Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click One by One.Also on the Animations tab, in the Advanced Animation group, click Animation Pane. In the Animation Pane, click the double arrow to expand the contents of the list.In the Animation Pane, select the first effect in the list (fade entrance effect). On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click More, and then under Entrance click Grow & Turn. In the Animation Pane, select the second effect in the list (fade entrance effect). On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click More, and then under Entrance click Wipe. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In theStart list, select AfterPrevious.In the Speed list, select 0.50 seconds.Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click From Left.In the Animation Pane, select the third effect in the list (fade entrance effect). On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click More, and then under Entrance click Zoom. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Duration box, enter 1.00 second.In the Animation Pane, select the fourth effect in the list (fade entrance effect). On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list, select WithPrevious.Press and hold CTRL, and in the Animation Pane, select the fifth and eighth effects in the list (fade entrance effects). On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click More, and then under Entrance click Wipe. Also on the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Duration box, enter 0.50 seconds.Also on the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click Effect Options, and then click From Left.Press and hold CTRL, and in the Animation Pane, select the sixth and ninth effects in the list (fade entrance effects). On the Animations tab, in the Animation group, click More, and then under Entrance click Zoom. Also on the Animation tab, in the Timing group, do the following:In the Start list, select WithPrevious.In the Duration list, select 0.50 seconds.Press and hold CTRL, and in the Animation Pane, select the seventh and tenth effects in the list (fade entrance effects). On the Animations tab, in the Timing group, in the Start list select AfterPrevious.To reproduce the background effects on this slide, do the following:Right-click the slide background area, and then click Format Background. In the Format Background dialog box, click Fill in the left pane, select Gradient fill in the Fill pane, and then do the following:In the Type list, select Radial.Click the button next to Direction, and then click From Center (third option from the left). Under Gradient stops, click Add gradient stop or Remove gradient stop until two stops appear in the slider.Also under Gradient stops, customize the gradient stops that you added as follows:Select the first stop in the slider, and then do the following:In the Position box, enter 0%.Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors select White, Background 1 (first row, first option from the left). Select the last stop on the slider, and then do the following: In the Position box, enter 100%.Click the button next to Color, and then under ThemeColors select White, Background 1, Darker 35% (fifth row, first option from the left).
