1. CoolGas Benefits Environmental, Economic and Green Building Presented by: Paul Kuhlman, Paul Kuhlman Environmental Consulting 1 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
5. Gas Cooling as Contributor to the Solution Economic Value LEED Certification Impacts Title 24 Building Standards Impact 2 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
6. -- Buildings Straight line increase to 14GtC/Yr. -- Coalto CCGT -- Efficient Power -- CCS -- Nuclear Fission -- Wind Electricity Constant carbon at 7GtC/Yr for 50 years 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 Greenhouse Gas Stabilization Triangle & Socolow Wedge* There are 15 “Available Technology” wedges each capable of achieving 1B tons CO2 reduction/yr to achieve stabilization by 2060. Fuel Switching, Building Systems Efficiency, and Efficient Electricity Generation are three wedges impacted by Gas Cooling -- Vehicle Efficiency * Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow, www.princeton.edu/~cmi 3 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
7. CCSP Stabilization Scenario to achieve Global Primary Energy: 550 ppmv 50% Increase in Gas from 2005 Coal Gas Oil Source: US Climate Change Science Program Technical Summary 2007 http://www.climatescience.gov/Library/sap/sap2-1/finalreport/sap2-1a-final-technical-summary.pdf 4 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
8. Electricity & Natural Gas Efficiency Consumer Costs $11 Billion Consumer Savings $32.4 Billion Source: Efficiency Impacts on Gas Markets, ACEEE, 2005. 5 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
9. AC Peak Day Demand… Largest Contributor California’s Summer Peak Day Commercial Load Profile AC Load 36% Total load 70% Peak load 6 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
10. CA Energy Demand Grows “Peakier” “Statewide annual peak demand is projected to grow, on average, 850 MW per year for the next 10 years.” - CEC Peak demand grows Power plant utilization declines Source: California Energy Commission California Energy Demand 2008–2018, CEC-200-2007-015-SF 7 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
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12. Curtailment in the growth of new generation, transmission and distribution capacity
13. 200 – 700 metric tonnes CO2e, transmission and distribution facility construction and equipment manufacturing1
16. Source energy fuel efficiency and lower emissions through a flatter load curve1. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Coal Gasification PowerGeneration Systems,Ruether, Ramezan and Balash J. Infrastructure Systems 2. U.S. Department of Energy, The Potential Benefits Of Distributed Generation and Rate-Related Issues That May Impede Their Expansion: A Study Pursuant To Section 1817 Of The Energy Policy Act Of 2005, February 2007 8 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
17. Source Energy Fuel Emissions: Peak vs. Base Peak vs. Off-peak CO2 Emission Rate* (Tons/MWh) Heavy AC Use *Southern California Edison Data 9 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
18. Peak vs. Off-Peak Resource Mix Typical California Summer Day Source: “CEC-700-2005-016 Environmental Performance CA Generation” p37 10
20. Peak Demand & Source Energy Efficiency Peak Energy Requires More Fuel 12 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
21. 0.57 tons of CO2 per MWh Site Energy Use 90% more greenhouse gas emissions from electricity used during peak 0.30 tons of CO2 per MWh Site Energy Use Reducing Peak Energy Reduces Greenhouse Gases Disproportionately Peak Energy is Dirtier Ice Energy calculation using California Energy Commission source data
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23. Gas Cooling TDV Energy 30 ksf Office Building San Diego CA (Climate Zone 10) Baseline Chiller: 60 Ton Electric Screw (.84 kW/ton) Alternative Chiller: 60 Ton Gas direct fired double-effect absorption with HR (0.03 kW/ton and 1 COP) Building Standards (TDV) Performance (Source KBtu’s/SF/Yr): Baseline Chiller Cooling: 136 Alternative Chiller Cooling: 94 TDV Savings Cooling 31% Baseline Chiller Building: 485 Alternative Chiller Building: 444 TDV Savings Building: 8% 15 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
32. Gas Cooling Direct Emissions Carbon intensity of natural gas of 117 pounds CO2 per MMBtu SCE CO2 Hourly emission rates stated in the E3 Avoided Cost Model 16
33. Emissions Electric vs. Gas Chillers Indirect Emissions Direct & Indirect Emissions 30 ksf Office Building San Diego CA (Climate Zone 10) Electric Screw Chiller: 60 Ton Electric Screw (.84 kW/ton) Gas Chiller: 60 Ton Gas direct fired double-effect absorption with HR (0.03 kW/ton and 1 COP) 17 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
34. What About Air Pollution? Tropospheric Ozone Precursors (NOx, Sox & PM10) are also Time Dependent 18 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
39. “The Killer App”: Integrated Fuel Cell / Gas Absorption Chiller reduces direct emissions close to Zero * CARB Distributed Generation (DG) Certification Program to certify electrical generation technologies that are exempt from the permit requirements of air pollution control or air quality management districts. http://www.arb.ca.gov/energy/dg/eo/eo-current.htm 21 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
40. LEED 2009 Impacts 2009 Version (LEED 3.0) shifts weightings to emphasize LCA vs. Manufacturing & Construction Gas Cooling contributes to the Energy and Atmosphere Credit Category E&A Credit Category increased from 25% to 35% of Total E&A category contains 35 points total Energy Efficiency comprises 19 total points Points are awarded based upon annual energy cost savings EA Credit 4: Enhanced Refrigerant Management 22 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
41. Wrap Up Questions? Presented by: Gordon Broberg, Cypress, Ltd. 23 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
42. Contact us: Lyle Everett SDG&E 858 636 6842 leverett@semprautilities.com Tom Smolarek President Cypress, Ltd. 949 888 0255 tjs@cyp-res.com Rob Anderson Director of Resource Planning SDG&E 858 650- 183 RAnderson@semprautilities.com Stephen J. Rawski, P.E. Principal Engineer Southern California Gas Company 714 634 3246 srawski@semprautilities.com AJ Mesalic President IntelliChoice Energy 702 364 3940 ajmesalic@sundanceenergyholdings.com Andy Freeman Business Development Manager Ingersoll Rand Energy Systems 415 640 0288 Andrew_Freeman@irco.com Paul Kuhlman President Paul Kuhlman Environmental Consulting 678 907 6815 pkuhlman@comcast.net Gordon Broberg Vice President Cypress, Ltd. 805 648 6755 gkb@cyp-res.com Cypress Customer Service Center / CoolGas Program 877 811 8700 www.gasiscool.com/sdge/index.php 24 Copyright 2009 Cypress, Ltd.
Editor's Notes
Challenge Peak demand is growing faster then base loadHow to cost effectively reduce demand while focusing on viable under utilized technologies in the non-residential market?Thermal load (A/C) is a primary cause of the problem and contributes >50+% of peakGrowing peak demand increases costs, price volatility, impacts reliability - reserve marginsPotential capacity impact due to the market shift to the refrigerant1 R410 in 2010
Challenge Peak demand is growing faster then base loadHow to cost effectively reduce demand while focusing on viable under utilized technologies in the non-residential market?Thermal load (A/C) is a primary cause of the problem and contributes >50+% of peakGrowing peak demand increases costs, price volatility, impacts reliability - reserve marginsPotential capacity impact due to the market shift to the refrigerant1 R410 in 2010
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