Organic Production of black seed grapes

1. Organic production of black
seeded grapes and cucumber &
their benefits

2. Black seeded grapes

3. Some facts about grapes
Grapes are woody perennial vines.
Plant in full sun to provide the heat required to ripen the fruit.
Each vine needs about 6 feet of space.
Flowers and fruit develop on new shoots called canes.
It is possible to get fruit one year after planting.
Flowers are pollinated by wind and insects.
Vines can be trained to many decorative forms.
Annual pruning is very important to keep growth healthy each year.
Prune in spring before leaves emerge.

4. Benefits Help the heart fight against diseases like high blood
pressure, high blood sugar level.
Improve eyesight as it contain carotenoids Lutein and
Zeaxanthin.
Fight against cancer of all types including breast cancer
because of anti-mutagenic and anti oxidant properties
the black grapes. Black grapes have certain elements
which have capability to kill the cancer originating cells.

5. Benefits Improves brain function as riboflavin
present in it.
Decrease the risk of diabetes due to
presence of low glycemic index.
Black grapes are helpful in healthy
as the oil of black grapes contain
antioxidants and vitamin E

6. Benefits Immunity is increased by the ingestion of black grapes
to presence of vitamin C, K, A along with flavonoids and
minerals.
Improve digestion, relieving constipation and help
kidney problems.
Help repairment of skin cells because of Vitamin C
of these grapes and ensures rejuvenation of skin cells
there are also pro-anthocyanidins and resveratrol that
provides protection against harmful ultraviolet rays.

7. Production
plan
 As we are growing inside our residence so we wouldn’t use the conventional methods
of growing rather we would use following methods

8. Before planting bare root vines
Cover Then cover the roots completely with soil.
Dig Dig a hole large enough to you can spread the root system out.
Trim off Trim off any broken or excessively long roots.
Plant Plant vines with the lowest bud on the cane just above the soil surface.
Remove At planting, remove all canes except the most vigorous one.
Soak Soak the roots in water for 3-4 hours.

9. Irrigation and
Support
After planting vine irrigation is done as per requirement.
Grapevines need some type of support or they will trail along the ground. The support can
be an arbor covering a patio for shade. Grapevines can also be grown along an existing
fence. Virtually any type of support structure will do, provided it is sturdy. Grape vines grow
quickly and get quite heavy.
Grapevines can be trained and pruned to just about any form and shape.
Some ideas are given below

10. Support
against Wall

11. Wooden
made
structures

12. Plastic made bins
On small scale production

13. Home lawn
ideas

14. Temperature/Light
requirement
 The optimum temperature required for these plants is 15 to
40˚C and average rainfall should be around 50 to 60 cm.
Very little rain is expected during the ripening season, which
prevents various diseases from occurring. Overall weather
for a grape vine should be like warm day, cool night and low
humidity. Winter is good for the plants, but frost is
dangerous for the young buds.

15. Irrigation
Irrigation in grapes is done by following methods
Young vines need regular irrigation to grow well; minimum
20 litres of water per vine should be supplied each week in
two or three irrigation cycles. Mature grape vines need a
minimum of 100 to 300 litres of water each week. Irrigation
can be given either by surface method or drip method. On
average farms need 12 to 15 irrigation cycles in a season.
Excessive irrigation should be avoided during flower
initiation and berry development stages.

16. Fertilizer
 The first two or three years, each early spring, apply
compost around the base of the vines. Grape vines grow
vigorously and might need a nutrient boost each year. You
may not have to do this as the vines mature; it all depends
on what you observe. Do the vines look vigorous and
healthy? Maybe you don't need any fertilizer.

17. Pruning
Pruning grapes depends on how you decide to grow them in your
garden and how much space you have.
1st year
• For the first year, pruning is the same no matter how you plan to
train your vine. The key is to develop a strong root system and
straight trunk.
• Encourage straight growth-remove an inch or two of terminal
growth to force the vine to branch.
• Train two branches, one in each direction left and right.
• Remove any buds that start to grow lower on the trunk.

18. Pruning
After 1st year
Our desired level has been reached by single trunk and lateral branches have
raised pruning is done
 Heavy pruning provides the best fruit.
 Light pruning results in large yields of poor-quality fruit.
 Very heavy pruning produces too much leafy growth and very little or no fruit.
 Wine varieties should have only 20 to 30 buds per vine after pruning.
 Prune old, neglected vines

19. Insect/pest control
Pests
• Flea
• Beetles
• Thrips
• Mealybugs
• Leaf hoppers
Diseases
• Powdery mildew
• Downy mildew
• Anthracnose
These pests and diseases can be controlled by using some organic measures
like the decoction of the acacia leaves etc.

20. Harvesting
Clip full clusters off the
vine with pruning
or heavy scissors.
Handle clusters
Remove any discolored,
injured, or undesirable
berries.
Cool them as soon as
they are picked

21. Yield
20-25 tons per hectare on
average in case of seeded
varieties.
It depends on conditions
also as the conditions are
favorable it may increase up
to 30-35 tons per hectare.

22. Cucumber

23. Benefits These are highly nutritious and contain
carbohydrates, proteins and vitamins.
These contain Antioxidants
Increase hydration as cucumbers contain
96% water

24. Benefits
Helps in weight loss
Lower blood sugar level
Promote regularity and easy to add to
your diet

25. Production
Cucumbers are often eaten as a vegetable but they are scientifically considered a fruit as
they contain enclosed seeds and develop from a flower. They are vine crops and can be
grown on the ground or on poles or trellises to suspend the fruits.
 Each plant is provided 5-7 square feet of space and is always grown on a trellis.
 Cucumbers require close monitoring of nutrients to maintain good health and
productivity.
 Cucumbers can be planted on a wide variety of soil types; however, deep, fertile soils
that are well drained with a pH between 6-6.5 are ideal.

26. Mulching
For
• Controlling weeds
• Protecting from insects
• Modifying soil temperature
• Conserving water
• Controlling erosion.
Mulches include peat moss or other organic material. Many
commercial operations use plastic covering as a mulch to protect
crops.

27. Sowing
methods/technique
s
 Following are the growing
methods of cucumber
inside one’s residence first
we would grow seeds in
trays in any growing media
mostly peat moss and then
transplanted to desired
place

28. Seed starter
trays

29. Transplanting
Be very careful when transplanting – cucumbers can be a little temperamental about
this. First, make sure to harden off your seedlings.
When transplanting them, be very delicate as they don't like their roots messed with
too much.
You should plan on one or two cucumber plants per square foot of potting soil.

30. Trellising
Reasons
• Most varieties of cucumber will sprawl like crazy
• The cucumbers get dirty and often get chomped on by critters
• Plants are on a trellis can give leaves more exposure to the sun
• Make sure you have a sturdy trellis. Remember that once the trellis is covered
with cucumber vines, it has a lot of wind resistance

31. Trellising

32. Temperature /light requirement
Cucumbers are warm season plants and grow best
between 65° to 75°F. The plants do not tolerate
prolonged exposure to temperatures below 55° or
above 90°F.
Wind, combined with low air temperatures (32° to 50°F),
can severely damage vine crops, retarding maturity and
reducing yields. Soil temperatures below 50°F also slow
growth and impair water uptake by roots.

33. Irrigation
 Irrigation is accomplished either through shower or
direct drip lines laid along the planted rows.
Cucumbers require frequent irrigation during the
growing period. Too little moisture will affect fruit
shape whereas water-soaked fields can lead to
mildew and other disease problems
.

34. Fertilizer
 As organic crop is desired no inorganic fertilizer is used
so mulches are used and organic matter is well
incorporated into the soil. A well decomposed organic
matter is used to enhance the growth of plants.

35. Weed/disease control
For susceptibility to a variety of insect, bacterial, fungal, and nematode infections.
Early identification of such infections or infestations is key to appropriate and rapid
control methods. Disease prevention strategies include careful field selection,
sanitation, soil treatments, and appropriate seed selections.
Weed control in cucumber production is accomplished through a variety of
methods including use of mulches, cultivation and hand weeding.

36. Holding
After harvest, cucumbers are chilled as quickly as
possible to remove field heat. Methods for cooling are:-
I. Hydrocooling with chilled water
II. Forced-air cooling
III. Drenching of fruit with cold well-water is also used

37. Yield
 1-3 pound/plant per week
 20-25 pond per plant total

38. References.
 Dohadwala MM, Vita, JA. Grapes and cardiovascular disease. J Nutr. 2009;139:1788–93.
 Pezzuto JM. Grapes and human health: a perspective. J Agric Food Chem.
2008;56:6777–84
 Kaur M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of
grape seed extract and other grape-based products. J Nutr. 2009;139:1806–12.
 https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/7-health-benefits-of-cucumber
 Watson, Molly. “Cool Cucumbers: 6 Varieties and How to Use Them.” About.com Food.
About.com, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2015