overview about ms

1. Aws SaadBy
Aws Saad

2. • MS, is a long-lasting disease that can affect
brain, spinal cord, and the optic nerves in eyes. It
can cause problems with vision, balance, muscle
control, and other basic body functions.
• *In MS, the immune system attacks the protective
sheath (myelin) that covers nerve fibers and
causes communication problems between brain
and the rest of body. Eventually, the disease can
cause the nerves themselves to deteriorate or
become permanently damaged
Aws Saad

3. *Signs and symptoms of MS vary widely and
depend on the amount of nerve damage and
which nerves are affected
*Some people with severe MS may lose the
ability to walk independently or at all, while
others may experience long periods of
remission without any new symptoms.
Aws Saad

4. **The cause of multiple sclerosis is unknown.
It's considered an autoimmune disease in which
the body's immune system attacks its own
tissues.
*In the case of MS, this immune system
malfunction destroys myelin (the fatty
substance that coats and protects nerve fibers
in the brain and spinal cord).
Aws Saad

5.  Myelin can be compared to the insulation
coating on electrical wires. When the
protective myelin is damaged and nerve fiber
is exposed, the messages that travel along
that nerve may be slowed or blocked. The
nerve may also become damaged itself
Aws Saad

6. Multiple sclerosis signs and symptoms may
differ greatly from person to person and over
the course of the disease depending on the
location of affected nerve fibers. They may
include:
Aws Saad

7. 1. Numbness or weakness in one or more limbs
that typically occurs on one side
2. Partial or complete loss of vision, usually in
one eye at a time, often with pain during eye
movement
3. Prolonged double vision
4. Tingling or pain in parts of body
5. Electric-shock sensations that occur with
certain neck movements, especially bending
the neck forward (Lhermitte sign)
Aws Saad

8. Lhermitte sign
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9. 6.Tremor, lack of coordination or unsteady gait
7.Slurred speech
8.Fatigue
9.Dizziness
10.Problems with bowel and bladder function
Aws Saad

10.  Age
 Sex.
 Family history
 Certain infections: including Epstein-Barr, the
virus that causes infectious mononucleosis.
 Certain autoimmune diseases
Aws Saad

11. People with multiple sclerosis also may develop:
 Muscle stiffness or spasms
 Paralysis, typically in the legs
 Problems with bladder, bowel or sexual
function
 Mental changes, such as forgetfulness or
mood swings
 Depression
 Epilepsy
Aws Saad

12.  Blood tests, to help rule out other diseases
with symptoms similar to MS
 Lumbar puncture (spinal tap), in which a
small sample of fluid is removed from your
spinal canal for laboratory analysis. This
sample can show abnormalities in antibodies
that are associated with MS
Aws Saad

13.  MRI, which can reveal areas of MS (lesions) on
your brain and spinal cord
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14.  There is no cure for multiple sclerosis.
Treatment typically focuses on speeding
recovery from attacks, slowing the
progression of the disease and managing MS
symptoms. Some people have such mild
symptoms that no treatment is necessary.
 Corticosteroids : to reduce nerve
inflammation.
Aws Saad

15.  Plasma exchange (plasmapheresis). The liquid
portion of part of your blood (plasma) is
removed and separated from your blood cells
 Plasma exchange may be used if your
symptoms are new, severe and haven't
responded to steroids.
Aws Saad

16. Aws Saad