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1
截自 牛頓科學雜誌 第94號
 魔球的原理介紹
 棒球-直球,指叉球,指尖球,子彈式旋轉
 足球-香蕉球,無旋轉自射球
 高爾夫球-長打
 網球-Egg Ball
 排球-飄浮球
 桌球-王子發球法
 魔球比較表
2
馬氏力(Magnus force)
1. 球體在空中旋轉時所受的
反作用力
2. 球速越快,馬氏力越大,
球在空中下墜程度越小
一流的運動選手可藉由控制
球的旋轉速度與旋轉軸,改
變馬氏力的方向與大小,製
造出各種變化球
3
向上的馬氏力抵掉部分重力,以接近
筆直的狀態前進
“讓打者覺得向上飄的球”
“有尾勁的直球”-尾勁-下旋
(backspin)-球的旋轉方向與球行進
方向相反
A.因素一:旋轉速度-旋轉速度越快,
馬氏力越大,球因重力而下墜的幅
度就越小
B.因素二:旋轉軸-若旋轉軸越水平,
馬氏力向上的分量便越大,下墜幅
度減少
4
旋轉速度很慢,馬氏力幾乎不作用,全
憑自然趨勢下墜
“在打者身前急速下墜”
5
球體旋轉緩慢,馬氏力作用小,
但因縫線位置,作用在球體上
的力的大小和方向隨時都在變
化,進而無法預測路徑
“搖搖晃晃,連投手都無法預
測球往哪跑”
陀螺效應(gyroscopic
effect):
球在空中前進時,旋轉軸幾乎
不會變化,可穩定飛行,因此投
手無法有意識的控制棒球往左接
著往右,如此有順序的飛行方向
6
不可能發生!
球的旋轉軸與前進的方向相同,
球所承受的氣流和球旋轉方向
垂直,沒有力的作用,不會產
生馬氏力。
1.空氣阻力較少,不易減速
2.沒有產生馬氏力,容易下墜
“比直球還快的變化球”
7
 高速且會彎曲下墜的球
 使馬氏力朝向斜下方
8
球後方產生馬蹄形漩渦,漩渦
會不規則的搖轉,使球前進得
搖搖晃晃
9
因素一:表面小凹洞
可在球後方產生”紊流”,
漩渦區變窄,空氣阻力變小
10
因素二:軌跡
使開球角度介於10~14度,馬氏
力傾斜角度小,馬氏力向上的分
量大,可飛較遠
選手把球拍網斜上方揮出,球
以上旋(球體旋轉方向和前進
方向一致)飛行,並因向下的
馬氏力作用而會在接近底線處
急速下墜
11
選手拍擊排球中心,使球以方
式不旋轉方式前進
不規則的球徑
12
將球拋高、選手往下蹲並豎起
球拍切球,利用球速和球拍方
向使球產生側旋、下旋等無法
預知的方向
13
直球 指叉球 指尖球 子彈式旋轉
馬氏力的作用
向上的馬氏力抵掉部
分重力
轉速慢,幾乎不作用 未產生馬氏力 未產生馬氏力
路徑 以近似原本狀態前進
全憑自然趨勢下墜
無法預測 以近似原本狀態前進
善用此種投球
的大聯盟選手
達比修有(遊騎兵隊)
查普曼(紅人隊)
佐佐木主浩(水手隊)
韋克菲爾德(紅襪隊 ,
已退休)
松坂大輔(2015重返
日本職棒)
發球示意圖
球路軌跡圖
14
香蕉球 無旋轉射
球
長打 Egg Ball 飄浮球 王子發球
法
馬氏力的
作用
斜下方(球門
方向)
未產生馬氏力 上升時:馬氏力分
量向上
下降時:馬氏力使
球加速
向下,使球在
底線附近快速
下墜
未產生馬氏力 視球旋轉方向
路徑 傾斜圓弧 無法預測 不高,但遠 高、遠,但在
底線附近會快
速下墜
無法預測 無法預測
善用此球
路的選手
皮爾洛(義大
利代表隊)
本田圭佑(日
本代表隊)
沃森(美籍選
手)
納達爾(網壇
四大天王)
木村沙織(日
本國家代表隊)
福原愛(日本
國家代表隊)
球路軌跡
圖
視球旋轉方向
15
16

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魔球