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Ch 1 Computers and You tabuk .pptx
1.
Computers Are Your
Future Twelfth Edition Chapter 1: Computers and You Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1
2.
• Computers o Integral
to our daily lives o Millions use computers daily. • Applications o Word processors o Internet o Online banking o Online classes o GPS systems o ATM machines o Mobile phones o Weather prediction Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
3.
• Computers (con’t.) o
Used at: • Home • Work • School o Embedded into: • Cars • Phones • Cameras Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
4.
• Before computers o
There were • No telephone answering machines • No handheld calculators • No fax machines • No personal computers o People • Wrote letters by hand or with a typewriter • Kept track of data and numbers in ledgers • Communicated in person or over the telephone Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 Computers: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow
5.
Computer Fundamentals • Computer—device
that performs the information-processing cycle • Information-processing cycle o Consists of four basic operations: • Input • Processing • Output • Storage Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5
6.
Copyright © 2012
Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Computer Fundamentals 6
7.
Computer Fundamentals • Computer
system—group of associated components that work together o Hardware o Software Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7
8.
Computer Fundamentals • Hardware o
Physical parts of the computer o Includes such components as the system unit, monitor, keyboard, and printer • Motherboard o Circuit board that connects the central processing unit(s) to the other system components Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8
9.
Computer Fundamentals • System
unit o Base unit of the computer—made up of the plastic or metal enclosure, the motherboard, and the integrated peripherals Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9
10.
Computer Fundamentals • Input o
First operation of the information-processing cycle, enables the computer to accept data o Data • Facts that are raw and unorganized • Entered into the computer for processing through the use of input devices such as a keyboard or mouse Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10
11.
Computer Fundamentals • Processing o
Second operation of the information-processing cycle, converts data into information o Information refers to consolidated, organized, processed data. o The central processing unit (CPU) processes data into information. o Random access memory (RAM) temporarily stores programs and data needed by the CPU. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11
12.
Computer Fundamentals • Output o
Third operation of the information-processing cycle, requires output devices, such as monitors and printers to display results for people to see or hear Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12
13.
Computer Fundamentals • Storage o
Fourth operation of the information-processing cycle, holds programs, software, and data that the computer system uses o Storage devices • Hard drives, CD and DVD drives, and media card readers—used with USB drives and flash memory cards Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13
14.
Computer Fundamentals • Communications o
High-speed movement of data or information • Communication device o Hardware component that moves data in and out of a computer • Network o Connects two or more computers to share input/output devices and other resources through the use of a network interface card Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14
15.
Types of Computers •
Computers can be separated into two main types: o Individual—designed for one user at a time o Organization—designed to be used by many people at the same time Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15
16.
Types of Computers •
Organization computers o Servers—enable users connected to a computer network to have access to the network’s programs, hardware, and data o Clients—include the user computers connected to the network o Client/server network—includes the use of client computers with centralized servers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16
17.
Types of Computers •
Organization computers (con’d.) o Minicomputers (midrange servers)—designed to meet the needs of smaller companies or businesses o Mainframes—very large processing jobs to meet the needs of large companies or agencies of the government o Supercomputers—able to perform extremely high- speed processing and show underlying patterns Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17
18.
• The Digital
Divide Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 Computers, Society, and You
19.
Computers, Society, and You •
Web-based applications o Internet messaging (IM)—free, real-time connection • Two or more parties can use a buddy list to identify and restrict the contacts the person wishes to communicate with o Social networks—include Facebook, MySpace, LinkedIn, and Twitter Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19
20.
Computers, Society, and You •
Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Use Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20
21.
Computers, Society, and You •
When using computer hardware: o Do not plug too many devices into electrical outlets. o Use surge protectors. o Place hardware where it can’t fall or be damaged. o Provide adequate space for air circulation around hardware. o Securely fasten computer cables, cords, and wires. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21
22.
Computers, Society, and You •
Promote safety and comfort o Position top of your monitor at eye level o Tilt the monitor back 10 to 20 degrees o Place it at least 20” from your eyes o Keep your wrists flat—use a wrist rest if needed o Rest your eyes often by focusing on an object 20 or more feet away o Stand and stretch periodically Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22
23.
Computers, Society, and You •
Software programs o Contain flaws • Errors cause programs to run slowly or miscalculate. • Bugs are almost impossible to eliminate completely. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23
24.
Computers, Society, and You •
Computer ethics o Moral dilemmas relating to computer usage • Digital piracy o Unauthorized reproduction and distribution of computer-based media • Unethical behavior o Sending viruses, stealing credit card information, computer stalking, and installing illegitimate copies of software on computers Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24
25.
Computers, Society, and You •
Computers provide those who are disabled and disadvantaged with added support and opportunities • E-learning o Learning without requiring students to be at a specific location at a specific time Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25
26.
Computers, Society, and You •
Automation o Replacement of people by machines and computers • Outsourcing o Subcontracting of portions of a job to a third party to reduce cost, time, and energy. • Computer technology o Aided globalization and the resulting outsourcing of jobs, as well as structural unemployment—the obsolescence of certain jobs. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26
27.
Computers, Society, and You •
Be a responsible computer user: o Understand how your computer use affects others. o Obey laws and conform to requests regarding use of cell phones. o Be aware of e-waste and the proper disposal of outdated computer hardware. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27
28.
Computers, Society, and You •
Advances in computer technology o Upgrade software to obtain the latest software features. o Stay informed to help avoid computer viruses. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28
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