internship ppt on smartinternz platform as salesforce developer
Bacteria Busters
1. BACTERIA BUSTERS:
Stop Antibiotic Resistance by cleaning the water
Death through water. That's not the name of a dystopian novel by George Orwell, but rather a reality that is
approaching us. The water, which was always seen as sign of life, now is full of antibiotics, which is making our fight
against antibiotic resistance bacteria an uphill battle. Currently, antibiotic resistance causes more than 700,000
death every year, and if the following trend continues, it is expected that by the year 2050 a person would die every
3 seconds from an infection with antibiotic resistance bacteria.
What does the water have to do with antibiotic resistance and how do antibiotics get into the water? The
answer is simple – we actually currently put around 50% of all consumed antibiotics directly into our aquatic
systems, meaning we also put them directly into our food.
Aquaculture
Human / Public
Health
Local
Environment
Antimicrobials
AR
How? That terrible misuse is happening in aquacultures (fish farms
in our lakes, rivers etc. all across the globe). In those farms, fish
antibiotics are routinely added to water to prevent, treat, diseases
and to promote growth. The direct consequence is simple –
antibiotic residues in the edible tissues of the treated fish, so we eat
them directly. Knowing that aquaculture produces more than half of
the world's seafood for consumption, and production is growing
each year, one sees how critical the problem is. As antibiotics are
put directly into water they spread all across the local environment,
poisoning more and more water, soil, plants and aquatic specie,
stimulating the emergence of more and more resistance.
2. Resistance in aquaculture
Is it proven that aquacultures contribute to resistance? Are the antibiotics used for fish important for us
humans? Do we care about resistance against those?
• Unfortunately, we have to, as 76% of antibiotics used for aquacultures are also of importance in human
medicine.
• Aquaculture systems are perfect “genetic hotspots” for gene transfer. Both wild and commercial healthy fishes
captured near fish farms contain high frequencies of multiple antibiotic resistance bacteria.
• Use of antibiotics in aquacultures has already been linked with development of resistance against at least 7
bacterial specie.
What do we do? Can we just stop feeding
antibiotics to fish and endorse heavier
legislation?
Recent study has shown that antibiotic-resistance
genes show up on the fish farms even where
antibiotics have never been used.
➞ Through water cycle,
so we have to clean water from antibiotics!
3. No specific technology was designed to clean water from antibiotics.
• None of the conventional technologies were created to specifically clarify water of antibiotics in a cheap and
efficient way. Conventional WTPs were shown to not be sufficient to eliminate antibiotic micro contaminations.
• Therefore, researchers are working on the development of innovative and advanced technologies for WT such
as microfiltration, activated carbon, coagulation, and oxidation, and clay micelle complex. But those post-
treatments of water undeniably increase the capital cost, thus, these technologies are not currently
implemented.
• Moreover, most of them make water ”too clean”, so even after development will not be suitable for the use in
aquacultures, due to the disturbances they will create to fragile aquatic ecosystems.
What can be done to clean water from antibiotics?
Moringa Oleifera seeds as natural coagulant.
• Thousands of years ago, ancient human civilizations in Egypt and
Ethiopia have been using Moringa Oleifera seeds to clean up water.
• Seeds of this tropical tree contain water-soluble, positively charged
proteins that bind antibiotics and bacteria, creating a bigger and
heavier “floc” that can easily be filtered out mechanically.
(Reference list)
4. Filtering Device: principle and prototype
Principle
Absorbent addition. Activated Moringa seeds’ proteins that bind
antibiotics, heavy metals, toxins are added to the contaminated
water.
Mixing. Activated proteins are mixed with the contaminated water,
where they bind antibiotics, creating bigger “flocs”.
Filtration. The “flocs” are filtered out for further processing, while
clean water leaves through the pipe.
1 – air pump, 2 – contaminated water, 3 – transfer pump,
4 – cyclone filter, 5 – clean water, 6 – moringa seeds powder
1 2 3
4
5
6
Prototype
Absorbent addition. Seed proteins are activated by adding 300 ml
of clean water to the seed powder and shaking the mixture for 2
minutes. After that the mixture is to be added to the contaminated
water.
Mixing. The tube from the air pump should be put in the flask with
contaminated water and seed powder, and be turned on. Aeration
of the mixture here is substituting the traditionally used stirring. Air pump
should be running on a maximum for 2 min and on lowest power for 10 min.
Cyclone filtration.
The principle of cyclone operation is simple- due to the cyclone movement of the water heavier particles set to the bottom
and thus are filtered out. To create the movement of water, regular transfer pump that is activated by a portative drill was
used in our prototype.
5. Usage, differentiation and advantages of the filtering device
So where will this device be used? For the starters, it will be an ideal fit for the recirculating aquaculture systems.
As you can see on the diagram, those aquacultures have an existing cleaning infrastructure so it will be very easy
and meaningful to add the device as an additional step after the 2 one, namely solids removal, as we need to
remove antibiotics before water interacts with bacteria that are currently used for biofiltration. Installment of the
device in RAS will allow to conduct needed testing and calibration of the device, after which it will be ready to be
installed in the open-water aquaculture systems.
Differentiation
• Cheap. Production cost of the prototype – 100 euros. Running
costs – 0,1 dollar for 5 L of water (drinking quality calculation,
for the whole seed preparation.
• Prevention. Moringa proteins also remove toxic compounds
that inhibit fish growth, which itself will lead to reduction in use
of antibiotics.
• In-vivo filtering. The only available antibiotic-removal
technology that will not make water “too clean”.
• Sustainable filtering. Seeds are biodegradable and non-toxic.
Why will our device be in demand?
• Environment & profits. Antibiotics fed to fish and not cleaned >
destruction of the ecosystem > decrease in fish proliferation.
• Health & costs. More resistance > more disease > more expensive
medicine needed to treat fish.
• Add-on solution. Easily connected to the existing system.
6. Our Team & The Roadmap
Stella
Economics,
Management &
Technology
Milana
Biology,
Management
Omar
Robotics,
Artificial
Intelligence
Lab testing: profiling of antibiotics,
against which/concentrations the
seeds are effective
Prototype
scaling
Ecological testing of Moringa
seeds effects on modelled aquatic
ecosystems
Prototype
testing
in RAS
