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منهج الادارة العكسية.en.ar.pdf

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يصف الادارة العكسية واهميتها وتطبيقاتها

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‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ – ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬ 2014 ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭ‬ 1.0 ‫ﻣﺘﺮﺟﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ - www.onlinedoctranslator.com
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ................. .................................................‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ 7 .1 ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ........................... ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ 8 .1.1 ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ 8....... .................................................. .................................................. ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ؟‬ .1.2 ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ .................................................. .................................................. ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ؟‬ 8. .1.3 ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ 9................. .................................................. .................................................. ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ؟‬ .1.4 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ............................................ ................................................‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ 9 .1.4.1 9................................................ .................................................. ................................................. ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ .1.4.2 ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ 11................ .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬ .1.4.3 ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ 11.................. .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻂ‬ .1.5 ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ 17.................. .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻲ‬ .1.6 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ 18................ .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ .1.6.1 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ PLM) ( 19....... ........................................... .1.6.2 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ............................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ 22 .1.7 23........................................... .................................................. ................................................. ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ .1.7.1 ‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ................................ .................................................. ................................................‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ 23 ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ 24........................... .................................................. .............................................. ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ / STL 1.7.2. .1.7.3 ................................ .................................................. ................................................. ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ 25 .1.7.4 ................................ .................................................. ................................................. ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ 26 .1.7.5 ‫ﺧﺎﻡ‬ / 27............................... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﻧﻈﻴﻒ‬ .1.8 ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ........................................... .................................................. ....................27 STL .2 ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ............... ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ 30 .2.1 ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ / ................................ .................................................. ................................................‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ 30 .2.1.1 ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ........................................... .................................................. ...........30 Mesh Vs Cloud Point .2.1.2 ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ 31 .2.2 ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ 31.................... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ .2.3 ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ 32........... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 2 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
.2.3.1 ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ............................................ ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ‬ 32 .2.3.2 ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬ 38 .2.4 ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ 50.... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻫﺎ‬ .2.5 ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ 51........................... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ‬ .................. ................................................. ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ‬ 52 .3 ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺪﻳﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ........................... ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ 53 .3.1 ‫ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ................................................ .................................................. ................................................‫ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ 53 .3.2 ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ............................................ ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ‬ 54 .3.2.1 ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ 54............... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ .3.2.2 ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ 54............ .................................................. ................................................ ‫ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ‬ .3.2.3 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ‬ ................. .................................................. .............................................. ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ 55 .3.3 ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ................................ .................................................. ................................................ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ 56 .3.3.1 ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ................. .................................................. .............................................. ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ 57 .3.3.2 ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ 58........................... .................................................. .............................................. ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ .3.3.3 ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ 58............... .................................................. ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ............... ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺒﻠﻴﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬ 60 ................ ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺒﻮﺟﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎ‬ 60 ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 3 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺉﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :1 ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺲ‬ ................. .................................................. .‫ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﻲ‬ 10 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :2 CMM ) ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ( ‫ﺑﺄﺫﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ‬ ............. .‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ 11 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :3 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺪﺍﺭ‬ ) ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ .......... .‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ 13 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :4 ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ 14 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :5 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ( ................... ........................................... ‫ﻫﻮ‬ 15 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :6 ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ D 3 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ ................... .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬ 17 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :7 ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‬ ‫ﻟـ‬ PLM ...... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ‬ 19 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :8 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ) ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺲ‬ ( .............. ................................ 22 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :9 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ 23 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :10 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ .............. .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ 24 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :11 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ .................................................. .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ 25 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :12 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ . .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ 26 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :13 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ FEA) ( ................................ .................................................. . 27 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :14 ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ........................... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ 30 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :15 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ . .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ 32 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :16 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ............ .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ‬ 33 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :17 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ / ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺉﺔ‬ ( ........................................................... . 34 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :18 ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ‬ - ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ........................................... ........................................ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﻮﺍﺉﻲ‬ 34 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :19 ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ‬ - ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ........ .......................... ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ 35 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :20 ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻧﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺉﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻜﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ .............................. .‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‬ 36 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :21 ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ .............................................. .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ 36 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :22 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ............... .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮ‬ 39 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :23 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ................ .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﺫﺍﺓ‬ 40 ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 4 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :24 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺿﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻀﺮﺍ‬ (‫ء‬ ........................................... ................................................ 41 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :25 ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻔﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺉﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻌﺐ‬ 41 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :26 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬ / ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺉﺔ‬ ......... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ 42 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :27 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬ / ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺉﺔ‬ ............... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺉﻴﺔ‬ 42 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :28 ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻒ‬ / ‫ﻓﺘﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻞء‬ ................................ .................................................. ................................................‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﺮ‬ 42 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :29 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ................................................................ .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻬﻼﻙ‬ 44 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :30 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ .................. .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﻁ‬ 47 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :31 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ........................... .................................................. ................................................................‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺤﺎﺕ‬ 47 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :32 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ................................ .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ 48 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :33 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ........................... .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ 49 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :34 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ... .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ 49 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :35 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ................... .................................................. .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ‬ 51 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :36 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍء‬ ................................................................ ........................................... ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ 54 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :37 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ . .................................................. .................................................. .‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ 55 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :38 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺉﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ( ........................................... ........................................... 57 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :39 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﺺ‬ ( ........................................... .................................................. . 58 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :40 ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ™VXelements .................. .................................................. ........................................ 58 ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 5 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬ .‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ Inc Creaform ،. ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺺ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻑ‬ .‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺰﺉﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻌﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺸﻜﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬ Creaform ‫ﺑﻤﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻱ‬ ،‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺍء‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ Creaform . ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺳﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻮﺯ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻠﻴ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺟﺰﺉﻴ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬ Creaform ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ Creaform . ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺷﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﻥ‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ Creaform ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ .‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 6 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ PLM) ( . ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ PLM . ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪﺓ‬ .‫ﻗﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺭﺧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻋﺼﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﻟﻴﺒﻴﻮﺱ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ) ‫ﻳﻐﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ 264 ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ 146 ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩ‬ ( ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺶ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻃﺎﺟﻴﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺳﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ 60 ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳﻮﻣ‬ ،‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ؛‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺃﺳﻄﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺉﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻼء‬ .‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ 1 ‫ﺗﻮﺿﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺉﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻈﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻻﺕ‬ .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ CAD ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ، CAM ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ‫ﺃﻭ‬ CAE ) ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬ :‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺷﻴﺎء‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ .‫ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ 1 ،‫ﺃﻭﻛﻮﻧﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ‬ .‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ :‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍءﺍﺕ‬ ، ‫ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺃﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ‬ ،‫ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‬ ،1989 .‫ﺹ‬ .77 ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 7 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬ .1 ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.1.1 ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻭﻇﺎﺉﻔﻪ‬ .‫ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺷﻴﺎء‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻋﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺛﺎﺉﻖ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ CAD ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ / ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺳﺘﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ،‫ﺗﻮﺭﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻌﻤﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﻭ‬ / ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ CMM) ، ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻤﺔ‬ (... . ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ CAD D 3 ‫ﺃﻭ‬ CAM ‫ﺃﻭ‬ CAE ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ .‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬.1.2 ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺉﻦ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺉﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ،‫ﺷﻜﻠﻪ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮﻩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻠﻤﺲ‬ ( ‫ﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻹﺟﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 8 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎ‬.1.3 ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ؟‬ ‫ﺗﺸﺒﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ :‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺼﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺮﻭﻃﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ :‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ) ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ( ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ) ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻬﺎ‬ ( . ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ،‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬.1.4 ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻏﻴﺮ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ :‫ﻓﺉﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻭﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴ‬ . ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪﻙ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ .1.4.1 ‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻣﺴﻴﺔ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻼﻣﺴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻄﺢ‬ ٍ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺆﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﻘﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻮﻧﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻪ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺴﻄﺤ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ،‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺜﺒﻴﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺫﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺒﺘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺰﻻﻕ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑـ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 1 : ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻣﺴﺒﺎﺭ‬ ( . ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 9 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :1 ‫ﺫﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺼﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺲ‬ .‫ﻳﺎﻗﻮﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﺼﺎﺉﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻒ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺴﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺑﺔ‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺍﺉﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ CMM ) ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ( ً ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 2 ( . ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘ‬ .ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻴﺐ‬ CMMs ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ .‫ﻓﺤﺼﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺇﺗﻼﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ CMM ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﻴﺉﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﺴﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺬﺭﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﺤﺮﻙ‬ ‫ﺑﺒﻂء‬ ،‫ﺷﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ CMM ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺉﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ 10 ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ 500 ‫ﻛﻴﻠﻮ‬ .‫ﻫﺮﺗﺰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﻴﺔ‬ ) ،‫ﺍﻻﻫﺘﺰﺍﺯﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﺯﺍﺣﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬ ( . ‫ﻟﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺡ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‬ ( . ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 10 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :2 CMM ) ‫ﺁﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ( ‫ﺑﺄﺫﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪﺓ‬ .‫ﺻﻠﺒﺔ‬ .1.4.2 ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ؛‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ .‫ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ‬ .1.4.3 ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺒﻌﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ‬ ( ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺒﻌﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺴﻮﺡ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺳﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺠﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ :‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻪ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ‬ .1.4.3.1 ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 11 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 3 ( ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻬﺰ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻫﺎﺑ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﺒﻀﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻫﺎﺑ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺯﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺫﻫﺎﺑ‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﺇﻳﺎﺑ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ :‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬ 3.3 ‫ﺑﻴﻜﻮ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻐﺮﻗﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ 1 .‫ﻣﻠﻠﻴﻤﺘﺮ‬ . ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ D 3 ‫ﻳﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ .‫ﺭﺅﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ،‫ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻳﺎ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺉﻊ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻤﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ 10000 ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ 100000 ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 12 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :3 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ Lidar ) ‫ﻛﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻯ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ .‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ .1.4.3.2 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺉﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻻﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎﻑ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺉﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﻀﺮﺏ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻷﻥ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻞ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 4 ( . ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬ .‫ﻭﺣﺠﻤﻪ‬ ً،‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﻼﻉ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ً،‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻋﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ‬ ً.‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‬ ،ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬ ،‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ً ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ،‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺪﺍ‬ NRC) ( ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮﺭﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻡ‬ .1978 ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 13 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :4 ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ .1.4.3.3 ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻤﻄ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﻝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻮﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺿﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ LCD ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬ .‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﺯﺍﺣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻗﻠﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺴﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﺎﺉﺪﺗﻴﻦ‬ :‫ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ً ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻠﻞ‬ ) ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺰﻳﻞ‬ ( ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ .1.4.3.4 ‫ﺿﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻟﺔ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺿﻮء‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﻤﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻴﺒﻲ‬ ( . ‫ﺗﻜﺘﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻝ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺠﺎﻫﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﺃﻱ‬ .‫ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 14 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
.1.4.3.5 ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺠﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺳﺐ‬ CT) ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ MRI) ( ‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ،‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺇﻻ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺷﻴﻮﻋ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺳﺐ‬ CT) ( ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﺪﻯ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ،‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻧﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻨ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺳﺐ‬ CT) ( ، ‫ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻧﺴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺧﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‬ ( . ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻮﺭﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬ 2 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :5 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻄﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬ ( ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ؛‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻮ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ 2 ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ d_laser_scanning 3 / wiki / URL: http://en.wikipedia.org ) ‫ﺗﻤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 11 ‫ﻓﺒﺮﺍﻳﺮ‬ 2013 ( ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 15 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
.1.4.3.6 ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻴﺮﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ CCD ( . ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺘﻴﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﻤﻴﺰﺗﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻼﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺸﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﻴﺮﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮء‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺒﺴﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﻠﺔ‬ .1.4.3.7 ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺜﻠﻴﺚ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ 1.4.3.2 ( . ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺧﻂ‬ ( ‫ﻟﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺮﻙ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻼﻋﺐ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻤﺴﻮﺡ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﻮﺉﻴ‬ ) ً ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻻﺻﻘﺔ‬ ( . ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ) ‫ﻧﺴﻴﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻧﻪ‬ ( ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ .‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻌﻘﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺸﻌﺮ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺗﺘﺒﻌ‬ .ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻮﻝ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺙ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ( ، ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻘﺪﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﺘﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻋﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍﺕ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺉﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻋﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻀﻮء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﺷﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻤﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺿﺎءﺓ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ CAD . ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 16 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :6 ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ D 3 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺐ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻛﺴﺔ‬ ) ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ( ‫ﻭﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺸﻒ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ .1.4.3.8 ‫ﻫﺎﻧﺪﻱ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ‬ D 3 ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ ‫ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ‬ .‫ﻣﺴﺤﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ Creaform ‫ﺇﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ Creaform. ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺿﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ D 3 HandySCAN ‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬ ; ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ً ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻘﻄﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ،‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻴﺰﺭ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ً ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻊ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻠﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ‬ STL . .1.5 ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 17 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻌﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ) ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ( .‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺩﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎء‬ .‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ 3 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬.1.6 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬. ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺯﻳﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﺑﺤﺎﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ‬ ( ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ NPD ) ‫ﺃﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ NPD ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ PLM) ( ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﻌﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺭﺉﻴﺴﻴ‬ .ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴ‬ 3 documentation / measurement - intelligent / fundamentals - technological / center - resource / en / http://www.creaform3d.com ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 18 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
.1.6.1 ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ PLM) ( ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :7 ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺴﻂ‬ ‫ﻟـ‬ PLM .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺠﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ً ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻴﺉﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺉﻂ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺬﻩ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ CAID ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( . ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ .‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ .‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ،‫ﻭﺃﺧﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﻼﻕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺉﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ CAD ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ‬ / ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻨﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ / .‫ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 19 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻬﺠﻴﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ KBE ) ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭ‬ NDT ) ‫ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺮ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ .‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺸﻲء‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ .‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻻﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ‬ ) ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻠﻠﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ / ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ .‫ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫ُﺮﻑ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺗ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻘ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺻﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻷﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ .‫ﺭﻗﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ‬ ) ً ‫ﺑﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‬ ( . .‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ CAE ) ‫ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ‫ﺇﻣﺎ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺪﻣﺠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺰﻣﺔ‬ CAD ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ً.‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻼ‬ ‫ُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻷﺩﺍء‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ FEA ) ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭﻋﻠﻢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ CFD ) ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺉﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬ ( ، ‫ﻭ‬ MES ) ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﺪﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬ ( . ‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬ .‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺺ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ( . ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻴﺮ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ‬ .‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬ /‫ء‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ / ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺗﺒﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ) ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ( ‫ﺧﻄﻮﻁ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 20 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺉﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺉﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮﺓ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‬ ( ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ) ‫ﺃﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺒﺘﺎﺕ‬ ( ‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ‬ ) ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ( . ‫ﻳﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ﻣﺠﺎ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ً ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺯﻉ‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺮﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻄﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺳﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺬ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻊ‬ .‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ .‫ﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺪء‬ ،‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﺨﻀﻮﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺤﻮﺻﺎﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎﻡ‬ CAD ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬ :‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﻟﻲ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ‫ﻷﺟﺰﺍء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ CAM ) ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﺃﻳﻀ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﻟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻟﺐ‬ .‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ .‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ MRO) ( ‫ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﺭﺅﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﻨﻊ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ‬ ‫ﺃﺿﺮﺍﺭ‬ .‫ﺟﺴﻴﻤﺔ‬ ،‫ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ .‫ﺣﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻠﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﺻﻼﺡ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬ .‫ﺗﻠﻔﻪ‬ .‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ / ‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ‬ / ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺉﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ .‫ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﻥ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﺬﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍءﺍﺕ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﺯﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 21 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬ PLM) ( . .1.6.2 ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﻒ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺮﻣﻴﻤﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ُﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬‫ﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺭﺷﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ‬ .‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﺒﻴﻞ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺎﺩﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ Creaform ‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﻱ‬ ،‫ﺟﺎﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺲ‬ ) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ 8 ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ 8 ( . ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﻄﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻣﺘﻼﻙ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺰﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﻤﻬﺎ‬ 4 . ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :8 ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻏﺎﺳﺘﻮﻥ‬ ) ‫ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻔﻴﺲ‬ ( . ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺁﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ .‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻨﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺬﻫﻠﺔ‬ - ‫ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻹﻫﻤﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﻉ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﻴﺮﺍ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ‬ ) ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬ ( ‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻔﺎﻅ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ 5 . ‫ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ،‫ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ‬ :‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ben_kacyra_ancient_wonders_captured_in_3d.htm / talks / http://www.ted.com ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻲ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ،‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ‬ 4 ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ digital - goes - figure - historic - an - levis - of - knight - the / 03 / 2012 / URL: http://blog.creaform3d.com / 5 ‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ben_kacyra_ancient_wonders_captured_in_3d.html / talks / URL: http://www.ted.com ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 22 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺉﻂ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬ project - head - bubble - barlow's - jenn - –-the - glamour - goes - dscanning -3 when / 12 / 2013 / http://blog.creaform3d.com / ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ‬ / ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺰﺯ‬ ) ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ( ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻨﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ .‫ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺉﺔ‬ .‫ﺑﺄﻛﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺉﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ‬.1.7 .1.7.1 ‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ :9 ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺃ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ً ‫ﻋﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺑﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬ XYZ ‫ﻭﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ .‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺫﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮ‬ .‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻳﺆﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺘﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺛﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ .‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺳﺤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺉﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻴﺲ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﻋﺪﺩ‬ ً‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻄﺢ‬ ،‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺉﻦ‬ ً‫ﺎ‬‫ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺑﺈﺧﺮﺍﺝ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﻠﻒ‬ .‫ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺎﺯ‬ .‫ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺳﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺢ‬ ‫ﺛﻼﺛﻲ‬ ،‫ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﻳﻔﻮﺭﻡ‬ 2014 © | www.creaform3d.com 23 | ‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬
منهج الادارة العكسية.en.ar.pdf
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