3. There are 14 bones that make up the facial bones. 6
of which are paired and 2 single bones: mandible
and vomer.
The facial bones contribute to the shape and form of
a person’s face. They also serve as protective
housing for the eyes. There are cavities of the orbits,
nose and mouth that are largely made up of the
facial bones.
4.
5. Palatine Bones
L-shaped bones
Horizontal portion forms
posterior hard palate
Vertical portion extends
between 1maxillae and 1
pterygoid plate of sphenoid
bone
Articulates with 2 cranial
bones and 4 facial bones
6. Very difficult to visualize of a dry skull because
they are internally located.
Articulates with 2 cranial bones:
1) Sphenoid
2) Ethmoid
Articulates with 4 facial bones:
1) Maxilla
2) Inferior nasal conchae
3) Vomer
4) Adjacent palatine
7. Zygomatic Bones
Forms cheeks
Forms lower outer
margin of orbits
Articulates with 3 cranial
bones
Frontal
Sphenoid
Temporal
Articulates with maxillae
8. Sometimes called malar bones.
Projecting posteriorly from the zygoma is a
thin process connecting to the zygomatic
process of the temporal bone.
The zygomatic prominence is a landmark on
the zygoma and refers to the prominent
portion of the zygoma.
9. Inferior Nasal Cochae
The only pair of conchae
that are separate facial
bones
Articulates with 1 cranial
bone and 3 facial bones
Covered with mucous
membranes to warm,
moisten and cleanse
inhaled air
10. The superior and inferior nasal conchae are
processes of the ethmoid bone, while the inferior
nasal conchae are separate facial bones.
The inferior nasal conchae are thin, narrow and
extremely thin bones which curl laterally and look like
miniature scrolls.
The inferior nasal conchae articulate with the
ethmoid bone and the maxilla, lacrimal and palatine
bones.
11. Lacrimal Bones
About the size & shape of a
fingernail
Lacrimal foramen for tear
duct
Lie anteriorly on the medial
side of orbit
Can be seen on PA and
lateral projections
Articulates with 2 cranial
bones and 2 facial bones
12. Lacrimal means “tear” and is appropriate
because the lacrimal bones along with the
maxilla form the lacrimal fossae which
accommodates the lacrimal sacs.
The lacrimal bones articulate with the frontal
and ethmoid bones.
They also articulate with the maxilla and
inferior nasal conchae.
13. Nasal Bones
Fused and form bridge
of nose
Vary in size considerably
The point of junction
with the frontal bone is
the nasion
Articulates with 2 cranial
and 2 facial bones
14. Vomer
Forms inferosuperior
part of nasal septum
Deviated nasal septum
Depressions for blood
vessels
Articulates with 2 cranial
bones & 4 facial bones
15. The vomer has small furrow-like depressions
for blood vessels. In a trauma this can be a
source for nosebleed.
Articulates with the sphenoid and ethmoid
bones of the cranium.
Articulates with the R/L palatine bones and the
R/L maxillae.
16. Mandible
Only movable bone in
the skull
Densest & largest facial
bone
2 bones at birth
Contains mental
foramina
17. The mandible is the largest and densest bone of the
face. It is also the only movable bone in the adult skull.
At birth the mandible consists of bilateral pieces held
together by a fibrous symphysis that ossifies during
the first year of life.
There are 2 holes of each side for the transmission of
nerves and blood vessels. These openings are called
the mental foramina
19. Positioning: Lateral Facial bones
Semiprone or seated
MSP parallel
IPL perpendicular
Suspend respiration
CR is perp and enters
lateral zygomatic bone ½
way between outer
canthus and EAM.
20. Lateral Facial Radiograph
All facial bones in with
zygomatic bone in center
Almost SI mandibular
rami
SI orbital roofs (no tilt)
No rotation of sella
turcica
21.
22.
23.
24. Lateral Skull Anatomy
A) zygomatic arch
B) RT zygomatic bone
C) RT nasal bone
D) Frontal process of
maxilla
E) Anterior nasal spine
F) Alveolar process of
maxilla
G) Alveolar process of
mandible
H) Mentum
I) Mental foramen
J) Body of mandible
K) Angle (gonion)
L) Ramus of mandible
M) Coronoid process
N) Mandibular notch
O) Neck of mandibular
condyle
P) Condyle or head of
mandible
Q) EAM
25. Positioning: Waters
Prone or seated upright
Chin on bucky -OML 37
angle with plane of cassette
MML & MSP perp
Nose 3/4 inch from IR
Suspend respiration
CR perpendicular to exit
acanthion
26. Waters Radiograph
Distance from lateral
border of skull and orbit
equal on each side
Petrous ridges projected
immediately below
maxillary sinuses