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Centre Number                               Candidate Number                          For Examiner’s Use


Surname

Other Names
                                                                                      Examiner’s Initials
Candidate Signature

                                                                                     Question      Mark

                              General Certificate of Education                          1
                              Advanced Subsidiary Examination
                              January 2010                                              2

                                                                                        3
Psychology                                                           PSYA2              4
(Specification A)                                                                       5

                                                                                        6
Unit 2    Biological Psychology, Social Psychology
          and Individual Differences                                                    7

                                                                                        8
Thursday 21 January 2010             9.00 am to 10.30 am
                                                                                        9
 You will need no other materials.                                                     10

Time allowed                                                                           11
  1 hour 30 minutes                                                                    12
Instructions
                                                                                     TOTAL
  Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
  Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
  Answer all questions.
  You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written
  in margins will not be marked.
  Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
  to be marked.
  If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets.

Information
  The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
  The maximum mark for this paper is 72.
  Question 10 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the
  space provided to plan your answer. In Question 10, you will be marked
  on your ability to:
  – use good English
  – organise information clearly
  – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.




(JAN10PSYA201)
                                                               G/K50378 6/6/6/6/6/          PSYA2
Areas outside
                                                                          2                                                                                   the box will
                                                                                                                                                            not be scanned
                                                                                                                                                              for marking


                                  SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
                                        Answer all questions in the spaces provided.


                                                                                                   Total for this question: 3 marks

1 Outline the main features of the pituitary-adrenal system.

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                          (3 marks)
                                                                                                                                                                ____
                                                                                                                                                                  3


                                                                                                   Total for this question: 4 marks

2 Sandy and Vandita play for the same netball team. Two weeks ago, while playing in a
  competition, they both grazed their elbows. Vandita’s wound is healing well, but Sandy’s
  wound is taking much longer to heal. Sandy is very worried about the plans for her wedding
  and her forthcoming house move.

   Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why Sandy’s wound is taking longer to heal
   than Vandita’s.

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                          (4 marks)




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    (Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                    Total for this question: 6 marks

3    (a) One measure of the functioning of the immune system is the level of activity of white
         blood cells.

            What does the graph below tell you about the relationship between stress and the level
            of activity of white blood cells?




                        Measure of
                        white blood
                        cell activity
                            as a
                        percentage
                         of normal
                            level




             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                           (2 marks)
                                                                                                                                          Turn over


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3   (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in stress research.

            Strength .............................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

            Weakness ..........................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................

             .............................................................................................................................................       ____
                                                                                                                                           (4 marks)               6


                                                                                                    Total for this question: 5 marks

4 Describe personality factors that have been shown to influence the way people respond to
  stress.

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                           (5 marks)

    (Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................



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                                                                                                   Total for this question: 6 marks

5 Mr Harris is about to move his business into a brand new building. He is very keen to
  create a healthy working environment and reduce workplace stress. In this way, he hopes to
  improve productivity and reduce absenteeism.

   What advice would you give Mr Harris? Use your knowledge of psychological research in
   this area.

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

   ......................................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                                                ____
   ......................................................................................................................................................         6

                                                                                                                                         Turn over


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                                     SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

                                     Answer all questions in the spaces provided.



                                                                                                Total for this question: 4 marks

6   (a) Explain what is meant by internalisation in the context of conformity.

         .............................................................................................................................................

         .............................................................................................................................................

         .............................................................................................................................................

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6   (b) Explain what is meant by compliance in the context of conformity.

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                                                                                                                     (2 marks + 2 marks)
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                                                                                                                                                               4




(06)
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                                                                                                Total for this question: 6 marks

7 In an experiment into conformity, an experimenter varied both the number of confederates
  (stooges) and the ambiguity of the task. The bar chart below shows the findings.

                                                       Percentages of conformity for
                                                    different tasks and size of majority
                                       50


                                       40


                                       30
                   Percentage
                    of people
                   conforming
                                       20


                                       10


                                         0
                                               A         B                C        D
                                             Large majority            Small majority
                                        (8 confederates in group) (2 confederates in group)
                                                      Experimental conditions
                                                                   Key
                                                       Very ambiguous task
                                                       Very easy and unambiguous task


7   (a) What does the bar chart show about conformity?

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                                                                                                                                       (4 marks)

                                                                                                                                      Turn over


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         (Extra space) ......................................................................................................................

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7   (b) Most research into conformity takes place in a laboratory. Outline one strength of
        conducting research into conformity in a laboratory.

         .............................................................................................................................................

         .............................................................................................................................................

         .............................................................................................................................................

         .............................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                       (2 marks)
                                                                                                                                                             ____
                                                                                                                                                               6




(08)
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                                                                                            Total for this question: 8 marks

8 Three students, George, Petra and Dan, have just started in the sixth form. Dan is a confident
  person who thinks that his fate lies firmly in his hands. By the end of the first week, Dan has
  put himself forward to be nominated as the class representative. Petra has also put her name
  forward to be nominated. She believes it is just luck whether or not she will be selected
  and feels that there is not much she can do about it. George did not put his name forward
  because his father told him not to.

8   (a)   (i) What type of locus of control does Petra’s behaviour show?

               ...................................................................................................................................

               ...................................................................................................................................

8   (a)   (ii) What type of locus of control does Dan’s behaviour show?

               ...................................................................................................................................

               ...................................................................................................................................

8   (a) (iii) George did not put his name forward as the class representative. Use your
              knowledge of social influence research to explain this.

               ...................................................................................................................................

               ...................................................................................................................................

               ...................................................................................................................................

               ...................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                   (1 mark + 1 mark + 2 marks)



                                   Question 8 continues on the next page




                                                                                                                                  Turn over


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8   (b) Which one of the three students is most likely to resist pressures to conform? Use your
        knowledge of psychology to explain your choice.

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         .............................................................................................................................................         8




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                                                                                                   Total for this question: 6 marks

9 Describe how social influence research has contributed to our understanding of social change.

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                                                                                                                                          (6 marks)

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                                                                                                                                                                 ____
   ......................................................................................................................................................          6




                                                 Turn over for the next section




                                                                                                                                         Turn over


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                                     SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

                                          Answer all questions in the spaces provided.



                                                                                                   Total for this question: 12 marks

10 “Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behaviour
   ends and abnormal behaviour begins.”

    Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality.

      You may use this space to plan your answer




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                                                                                                                                       (12 marks)

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                                                                                                    Total for this question: 6 marks

11 Identify and outline key features of two psychological approaches to psychopathology.

    Approach 1 .................................................................................................................................

    Key features ...............................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    Approach 2 .................................................................................................................................

    Key features ...............................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................

    ......................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                           (6 marks)
                                                                                                                                                                 ____
                                                                                                                                                                   6




                                                 Turn over for the next question




                                                                                                                                          Turn over


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                                                                                                        Total for this question: 6 marks

 12 Hamish has a phobia of heights. This phobia has now become so bad that he has difficulty
    in going to his office on the third floor, and he cannot even sit on the top deck of a bus any
    more. He has decided to try systematic de-sensitisation to help him with his problem.

        Explain how the therapist might use systematic de-sensitisation to help Hamish to overcome
        his phobia.

        ......................................................................................................................................................

        ......................................................................................................................................................

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                                                                                                                                               (6 marks)

        (Extra space) ...............................................................................................................................

        ......................................................................................................................................................

        ......................................................................................................................................................

        ......................................................................................................................................................
                                                                                                                                                                     ____
        ......................................................................................................................................................         6




                                                           END OF QUESTIONS


Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.




(16)
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Examiner's initials and candidate details

  • 1. Centre Number Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question Mark General Certificate of Education 1 Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2010 2 3 Psychology PSYA2 4 (Specification A) 5 6 Unit 2 Biological Psychology, Social Psychology and Individual Differences 7 8 Thursday 21 January 2010 9.00 am to 10.30 am 9 You will need no other materials. 10 Time allowed 11 1 hour 30 minutes 12 Instructions TOTAL Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Answer all questions. You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Answers written in margins will not be marked. Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. If you need extra paper, use the Supplementary Answer Sheets. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 72. Question 10 should be answered in continuous prose. You may use the space provided to plan your answer. In Question 10, you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. (JAN10PSYA201) G/K50378 6/6/6/6/6/ PSYA2
  • 2. Areas outside 2 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION A: BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 3 marks 1 Outline the main features of the pituitary-adrenal system. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (3 marks) ____ 3 Total for this question: 4 marks 2 Sandy and Vandita play for the same netball team. Two weeks ago, while playing in a competition, they both grazed their elbows. Vandita’s wound is healing well, but Sandy’s wound is taking much longer to heal. Sandy is very worried about the plans for her wedding and her forthcoming house move. Using your knowledge of psychology, explain why Sandy’s wound is taking longer to heal than Vandita’s. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (4 marks) (02) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 3. Areas outside 3 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 4 Total for this question: 6 marks 3 (a) One measure of the functioning of the immune system is the level of activity of white blood cells. What does the graph below tell you about the relationship between stress and the level of activity of white blood cells? Measure of white blood cell activity as a percentage of normal level ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) Turn over (03) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 4. Areas outside 4 the box will not be scanned for marking 3 (b) Outline one strength and one weakness of using correlations in stress research. Strength ............................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Weakness .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ____ (4 marks) 6 Total for this question: 5 marks 4 Describe personality factors that have been shown to influence the way people respond to stress. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (5 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (04) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 5. Areas outside 5 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 5 Total for this question: 6 marks 5 Mr Harris is about to move his business into a brand new building. He is very keen to create a healthy working environment and reduce workplace stress. In this way, he hopes to improve productivity and reduce absenteeism. What advice would you give Mr Harris? Use your knowledge of psychological research in this area. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Turn over (05) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 6. Areas outside 6 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION B: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 4 marks 6 (a) Explain what is meant by internalisation in the context of conformity. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 6 (b) Explain what is meant by compliance in the context of conformity. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks + 2 marks) ____ 4 (06) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 7. Areas outside 7 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 7 In an experiment into conformity, an experimenter varied both the number of confederates (stooges) and the ambiguity of the task. The bar chart below shows the findings. Percentages of conformity for different tasks and size of majority 50 40 30 Percentage of people conforming 20 10 0 A B C D Large majority Small majority (8 confederates in group) (2 confederates in group) Experimental conditions Key Very ambiguous task Very easy and unambiguous task 7 (a) What does the bar chart show about conformity? ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) Turn over (07) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 8. Areas outside 8 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. 7 (b) Most research into conformity takes place in a laboratory. Outline one strength of conducting research into conformity in a laboratory. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (2 marks) ____ 6 (08) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 9. Areas outside 9 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 8 marks 8 Three students, George, Petra and Dan, have just started in the sixth form. Dan is a confident person who thinks that his fate lies firmly in his hands. By the end of the first week, Dan has put himself forward to be nominated as the class representative. Petra has also put her name forward to be nominated. She believes it is just luck whether or not she will be selected and feels that there is not much she can do about it. George did not put his name forward because his father told him not to. 8 (a) (i) What type of locus of control does Petra’s behaviour show? ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 8 (a) (ii) What type of locus of control does Dan’s behaviour show? ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... 8 (a) (iii) George did not put his name forward as the class representative. Use your knowledge of social influence research to explain this. ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................... (1 mark + 1 mark + 2 marks) Question 8 continues on the next page Turn over (09) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 10. Areas outside 10 the box will not be scanned for marking 8 (b) Which one of the three students is most likely to resist pressures to conform? Use your knowledge of psychology to explain your choice. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. (4 marks) (Extra space) ...................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ____ ............................................................................................................................................. 8 (10) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 11. Areas outside 11 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 9 Describe how social influence research has contributed to our understanding of social change. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Turn over for the next section Turn over (11) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 12. Areas outside 12 the box will not be scanned for marking SECTION C: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Total for this question: 12 marks 10 “Abnormality is very difficult to define. It can be hard to decide where normal behaviour ends and abnormal behaviour begins.” Discuss two or more definitions of abnormality. You may use this space to plan your answer ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (12) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 13. Areas outside 13 the box will not be scanned for marking ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (12 marks) (Extra space) ................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Turn over (13) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 14. Areas outside 14 the box will not be scanned for marking (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 12 (14) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 15. Areas outside 15 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 11 Identify and outline key features of two psychological approaches to psychopathology. Approach 1 ................................................................................................................................. Key features ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... Approach 2 ................................................................................................................................. Key features ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) ____ 6 Turn over for the next question Turn over (15) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2
  • 16. Areas outside 16 the box will not be scanned for marking Total for this question: 6 marks 12 Hamish has a phobia of heights. This phobia has now become so bad that he has difficulty in going to his office on the third floor, and he cannot even sit on the top deck of a bus any more. He has decided to try systematic de-sensitisation to help him with his problem. Explain how the therapist might use systematic de-sensitisation to help Hamish to overcome his phobia. ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... (6 marks) (Extra space) ............................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................................................... ____ ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 END OF QUESTIONS Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. (16) G/K50378/Jan10/PSYA2