1. “Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds.”- J. Robert Oppenheimer, following the first successful test of a nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945, Manhattan Project.
2. Disaster Near The HypocenterVictims of the attack on Hiroshima(Monday, August 6, 1945)
9. Nuclear Winter Caused due to Nuclear Explosions. It is a theory proposed by astrophysicist Carl Sagan and his colleagues in the year 1982. One of environmental collateral damage Noontime darkness, plummeting temperatures. Lack of Photosynthesis. Eventual death of life on planet Earth.
11. History Picture:- Clouds of ash spread from the volcano Kliuchevskoi, blocking sunlight to regions beneath. Such eruptions have been observed to lower temperatures around the globe.
12. A mushroom cloud formed after the attack on Hiroshima cuts through the clouds.
14. Contd.. K-T boundary extinction event -impact winter brought about the extinction of the dinosaurs. 1815, the eruption of Mount Tambora - lead to “The year without summer“ . 1883 eruption of the Indonesian volcano Krakatoa - lowered global temperatures by 2.2 degrees F (1.2 degrees C) for an entire year . That following year, residents in the United States experienced summer snows and temperatures between 5 and 10 degrees F (3 and 6 degrees C) less than average. 1991 Persian Gulf War - local air temperatures fell by 18.3 degrees F (10.2 degrees C)
16. Classes of Nuclear winter Minimal Marginal Nominal Substantial Severe Extreme Increasing severity
17. TTAPS report “Global Atmospheric Consequences of Nuclear Explosions“ TTAPS (short for the authors' names: Turco, Toon, Ackerman, Pollack and Sagan) Based on 1980s computer weather models
18. Debating the end of the world The notion of a nuclear winter waste land may be terrifying, but is it realistic????
20. Debatable issue… Nuclear winter debate is same as that of “Global warming” debate. Even advanced computer models lose effectiveness when forecasting weather more than a few days. Chaos Theory - Butterfly Effect.
21. Criticisms Most scientists agree that nuclear war would have some effect on the atmosphere, not everyone agrees on the severity. TTAPS authors had been accused of practicing “consensus science” in which speculation, public opinion and politics empower imperfect theories.
22. References The Hindu speaks on scientific facts, Volume - II www.secretsofsurvival.com/survival/nuclear_winter.html www.gensuikin.org www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_winter www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/glossary/K-T.shtml www.youtube.com
