A presentation made by the 'Avengers' group at Z.H. Sikder University of Science and Technology

1.  
Differences in Culture

2. Sl Name ID
1. Sarif Ahamed Sawon 120216034
2. Md. Sourav Hossain 120216037
3. Azaaz Munshi 120216086
4. Sagor Chandra Podder 120216017
5. Tithi Debnath 120216096
6. Jannatul Ferdows 120216020
7. Razib Hassan 130216009
8. Mizanur Rahman 120216002
9. Moyna Akter 120216
10. Helena Akter 120216124

3. Submitted to
Israt Afroz
Lecturer
Department of Business Administration
ZH Sikder University of Science & Technology

4.  Cross-cultural literacy is an understanding of how
cultural differences across and within nations can affect
the way in which business is practiced

5.  Culture is a system of values and norms that are shared
among a group of people and that when taken together
constitute a design for living.

6. o Values are abstract ideas about what a group
believes to be good, right, and desirable
o Norms are the social rules and guidelines that
prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations

7. Society refers to a group of people who share a common
set of values and norms

8. o Folkways - the routine conventions of everyday life
o Mores - norms that are seen as central to the
functioning of a society and to its social life

9.  The relationship between a society and a nation state is
not strictly one-to-one
 Nation-states are political creations
o can contain one or more cultures
 A culture can embrace several nations

10. Culture
norms and
values
system
Religion
Political
Philosophy
Economic
Philosophy
Education
Language
Social
Structure

11.  Social structure refers to a society’s basic social
organization

12. Social stratification means the
stratification of societies on
hierarchical basis into social
categories or social strata.

13. Social Mobility: - The extent to which
individuals can move out of the strata into which
they are born
 Caste System
 Class System

14.  Religion:
o Christianity
o Islam
o Hinduism
o Buddhism
 Ethical systems:

15. o The Protestant work ethic (Max Weber,
1804)
• hard work, wealth creation, and frugality is the
driving force of capitalism

16. o The world’s second largest religion
o extends the underlying roots of Christianity to an all-
embracing way of life that governs one's being
o Islamic fundamentalism is associated in the Western
media with militants, terrorists, and violent upheavals,
but in fact Islam teaches peace, justice, and tolerance

17. o Practiced primarily on the Indian sub- continent. About
750 millions people follow it.
o Focuses on the importance of achieving spiritual growth
and development.
o Believes in reincarnation or rebirth into a different body
after death.

18. o About 350 millions people follow it.
o Does not emphasize wealth creation.
o Entrepreneurial behavior is not stressed.

19. o Confucianism build up a comprehensive ethical code
that set down guidelines for relationships with other.
o Its performing personal salvation through right-action.
o Three main techniques of Confucianism is Loyalty,
Reciprocal obligations and Honesty.

20.  Hofstede’s work has been criticized because
o One-to-one relationship between culture and the
nation-state
o study may have been culturally bound

21. o Used IBM as sole source of information
o Culture is not static – it evolves

22.  It is important to develop cross-cultural literacy
 There is a connection between culture and national
competitive advantage

23.  A group is an association of two or more people who
have a shared sense of identity and who interact with
each other in structured ways on the basis of a common
set of expectations about each other’s behavior
Individualism: This kind of people are emphasis own
their achievement.

24.  In Western societies, there is a focus on the
individual
o individual achievement is common
o dynamism of the U.S. economy
o high level of entrepreneurship
> But creates a lack of company loyalty and failure
to gain company specific knowledge

25.  In many Asian societies, the group is the primary
unit of social organization
o discourages job switching between firms
o encourages lifetime employment systems
 But might also suppress individual creativity
intitative

26.  Formal education is the medium through which
individuals learn many of the language, conceptual, and
mathematical skills that are indispensable in a modern
society

27.  Management processes and practices must be
adapted to culturally-determined work-related values
 Geert Hofstede identified four dimensions of culture
1. Power distance - how a society deals with the fact
that people are unequal in physical and intellectual
capabilities
2. Individualism versus collectivism - the relationship
between the individual and his fellows
3. Uncertainty avoidance - the extent to which different
cultures socialize their members into accepting
ambiguous situations and tolerating ambiguity
4. Masculinity versus femininity -the relationship
between gender and work roles