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ZEMNOALKALNI METALI Danilo Sekulić
Milica Ivić
UVOD U ZEMNOALKALNE METALE
Zemnoalkalni metali su elementi IIa grupe, , a obuhvataju periode od
druge do sedme grupe. To su berilijum, magnezijum, kalcijum,
stroncijum, barijum i radijum.
NALAŽENJE U PRIRODI
Zemnoalkalni metali se ne mogu naći u elementarnom stanju zato što
su reaktivni. U prirodi se mogu samo naći kao jedinjenja.
 To su na primer kalcijum i magnezijum, nalaze se u zemljinoj kori, a takođe se
nalaze i u obliku ruda, stena i minerala.
 Zemnoalkalni metali grade različite minerale, kao što su:
 Krečnjak (CaCO3)
 Dolomit(MgCO3)
 Kalcijum-fosfat, koji inače gradi kosti i zube (Ca3(PO4)2)
FIZIČKA SVOJSTVA
Zemnoalkalni metali su čvrste supstance, srebrnasto-sive boje i
metalnog sjaja. Imaju višu temperaturu topljenja i ključanja od
alkalnih metala.
Metalne veze su im jače od elemenata la grupe, pa su zato i tvrdi.
Mogu se kovati, izvlačiti u žice i limove
i presovati.
HEMIJSKA SVOJSTVA
Zemnoalkalni metali su čvrste supstance sa metalnom kristalnom rešetkom.
U građenju hemijskih veza učestvuje jedan elektronski par, te grade jače veze
od alkalnih metala, a to znači da su manje reaktivni.
Berilijum ima najjače metalne veze u metalnoj rešeci.
Zemnoalkalni metali mogu da grade jedinjenja samo sa pozitivnim
oksidacionim brojem zbog svoje nemogućnosti primanja elektrona.
Svi sem berilijuma sa nemetalima grade jonske veze.
Berilijum gradi kovalente veze zbog malog prečnika i visokog koeficijenta
elektronegativnosti.
IDENTIFIKACIJA
Na platinskoj igli soli zemnkoalkalni metali gore različitim
plamenom.
Na primer:
Soli kalcijuma gore crveno
Soli stroncijuma gore svetlo crveno
Soli barijuma gore zelenom bojom
REAKCIJE ZEMNOALKALNIH
METALA
Zemnoalkalni metali reaguju sa vodonikom, kiseonikom, vodom,
sumporom, halogenim elementima i ugljen-dioksidom. Svi sem
barijuma grade okside.
Barijum gradi okside i perokside.
Zemnoalkalni metali su dobra redukciona sredstva. Redukciona
sposobnost raste kao i njihova reaktivnost.
DOBIJANJE ZEMNOALKALNIH
METALA
Jedinjenja zemnoalkalnih metala imaju veliku primenu. Sva su slična
po izgledu i u pitanju su uglavnom praškaste bele kristalne
supstance.
Vodeni rastvori su im bezbojni ili pak jarkih boja što zavisi od anjona.
Za razliku od alkala, zemnoalkali mogu da grade i ovalentna
jedinjenja - berilijum.
Karbonati zemnoalkalnih metala se na povišenoj temperaturi razlažu
na ugljen-dioksid i oksid metala po datoj reakciji.
KRAJ

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ZEMNOALKALNI METALI - Danilo Sekulic, Milica Ivic

  • 1. ZEMNOALKALNI METALI Danilo Sekulić Milica Ivić
  • 2. UVOD U ZEMNOALKALNE METALE Zemnoalkalni metali su elementi IIa grupe, , a obuhvataju periode od druge do sedme grupe. To su berilijum, magnezijum, kalcijum, stroncijum, barijum i radijum.
  • 3. NALAŽENJE U PRIRODI Zemnoalkalni metali se ne mogu naći u elementarnom stanju zato što su reaktivni. U prirodi se mogu samo naći kao jedinjenja.  To su na primer kalcijum i magnezijum, nalaze se u zemljinoj kori, a takođe se nalaze i u obliku ruda, stena i minerala.  Zemnoalkalni metali grade različite minerale, kao što su:  Krečnjak (CaCO3)  Dolomit(MgCO3)  Kalcijum-fosfat, koji inače gradi kosti i zube (Ca3(PO4)2)
  • 4. FIZIČKA SVOJSTVA Zemnoalkalni metali su čvrste supstance, srebrnasto-sive boje i metalnog sjaja. Imaju višu temperaturu topljenja i ključanja od alkalnih metala. Metalne veze su im jače od elemenata la grupe, pa su zato i tvrdi. Mogu se kovati, izvlačiti u žice i limove i presovati.
  • 5. HEMIJSKA SVOJSTVA Zemnoalkalni metali su čvrste supstance sa metalnom kristalnom rešetkom. U građenju hemijskih veza učestvuje jedan elektronski par, te grade jače veze od alkalnih metala, a to znači da su manje reaktivni. Berilijum ima najjače metalne veze u metalnoj rešeci. Zemnoalkalni metali mogu da grade jedinjenja samo sa pozitivnim oksidacionim brojem zbog svoje nemogućnosti primanja elektrona. Svi sem berilijuma sa nemetalima grade jonske veze. Berilijum gradi kovalente veze zbog malog prečnika i visokog koeficijenta elektronegativnosti.
  • 6. IDENTIFIKACIJA Na platinskoj igli soli zemnkoalkalni metali gore različitim plamenom. Na primer: Soli kalcijuma gore crveno Soli stroncijuma gore svetlo crveno Soli barijuma gore zelenom bojom
  • 7. REAKCIJE ZEMNOALKALNIH METALA Zemnoalkalni metali reaguju sa vodonikom, kiseonikom, vodom, sumporom, halogenim elementima i ugljen-dioksidom. Svi sem barijuma grade okside. Barijum gradi okside i perokside. Zemnoalkalni metali su dobra redukciona sredstva. Redukciona sposobnost raste kao i njihova reaktivnost.
  • 8. DOBIJANJE ZEMNOALKALNIH METALA Jedinjenja zemnoalkalnih metala imaju veliku primenu. Sva su slična po izgledu i u pitanju su uglavnom praškaste bele kristalne supstance. Vodeni rastvori su im bezbojni ili pak jarkih boja što zavisi od anjona. Za razliku od alkala, zemnoalkali mogu da grade i ovalentna jedinjenja - berilijum. Karbonati zemnoalkalnih metala se na povišenoj temperaturi razlažu na ugljen-dioksid i oksid metala po datoj reakciji.