This document discusses several topics related to mental disorders including popular beliefs, causes, types, social stigma, and societal responses. It addresses myths such as mental illness being incurable and the mentally ill being dangerous. It discusses the biopsychosocial model of multiple simultaneous factors causing disorders and classifications in the DSM-IV. The document also summarizes how social factors like class, gender, age and environment can impact mental disorders and how societies have historically responded to the mentally ill.
Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a FatalityFranklin Cook
"Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a Fatality" is excerpted and adapted from Responding to Grief, Trauma, and Distress After a Suicide: U.S. National Guidelines (2015), by the Survivors of Suicide Loss Task Force (bit.ly/sosl-taskforce) of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. The original document is available free for download at bit.ly/respondingsuicide.
This summary report concludes that:
The research delineated above represents the solid and growing body of evidence that, for a significant number of people exposed to the suicide fatality or attempt of another person, there are long-term, harmful mental health consequences. Shneidman’s declaration (1972) that postvention is prevention for the next generation is unquestionably supported by clear and overwhelming evidence that exposure to the suicide of another person, particularly of a close intimate, elevates the risk of suicidal behavior and of death by suicide in the population of people exposed.
The Grief After Suicide blog post related to this essay is http://bit.ly/impactessay.
Systems Must Include Three Levels of Care for Aftermath of SuicideFranklin Cook
The document discusses guidelines for providing support after a suicide and outlines three levels of care: immediate response, support services, and treatment services. It describes the goals and principles of each level. The immediate response involves crisis response, triage to identify high-risk individuals, and follow-up. Support services help people cope with grief and loss through information, guidance, and education. Treatment services are for those with mental health diagnoses and are provided by licensed professionals. The levels of care often overlap and distinguish support from treatment based on whether clinical interventions are being provided for a formal diagnosis.
Self destructive behaviors and survivors of suicidesbuffo
This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide. It defines self-destructive behavior and explains that it is often a form of self-punishment or learned behavior. It then lists common types of self-destructive behaviors like self-harm, substance abuse, and risky behaviors. The document discusses myths and facts related to suicide and explains the common elements, emotions, and cognitive states involved in suicidal thoughts and acts. It also discusses the impact of suicide on survivors and how to help survivors cope and heal from the suicide of a loved one.
Suicide is defined as the direct and willful destruction of one's own life. Death is considered suicide when accidental or natural causes are ruled out and the circumstances surrounding the death are consistent with suicide. There are several potential causes of suicide, including religious or cultural factors, personal issues, financial problems, and social/political causes. Religious or cultural causes may include values around dying for one's country or acts of self-immolation. Personal causes can involve relationship issues, parental relationships, exam failure, or mental health issues. Financial causes may stem from poverty or monetary loss, while social and political causes could be a protest or response to a failed coup attempt.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as unhealthy conditions in society and discusses factors like poverty, crime, and old age that can increase social problems. It then discusses suicide in depth, defining it, looking at global and Indian statistics on suicide, risk factors like psychiatric illnesses and life stressors, methods of assessment, theories of suicide, and prevention strategies.
Self-Destructive Behavior and Suicide Prevention in AdolescenceTimo Purjo
This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide prevention from an existential and meaning-centered perspective. It summarizes research showing that suicidal thoughts are common among adolescents, with up to 30% considering suicide and 10% attempting. It critiques the current model that views suicide as a symptom of mental illness, arguing treatments targeting suicidal behavior directly have been more effective. The document emphasizes identifying reasons for living and positive factors that promote resilience to help prevent suicide.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention Tacticsamberella
The document discusses suicide risk assessment and intervention tactics, including identifying warning signs and risk factors, methods for talking to individuals at risk, and procedures for volunteers and first responders. It provides an overview of common mental illnesses associated with suicide risk, examples of identifying direct and indirect verbal clues as well as behavioral clues of risk, and a framework for assessing immediate threat and developing an appropriate response plan.
Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a FatalityFranklin Cook
"Impact of Suicide on People Exposed to a Fatality" is excerpted and adapted from Responding to Grief, Trauma, and Distress After a Suicide: U.S. National Guidelines (2015), by the Survivors of Suicide Loss Task Force (bit.ly/sosl-taskforce) of the National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention. The original document is available free for download at bit.ly/respondingsuicide.
This summary report concludes that:
The research delineated above represents the solid and growing body of evidence that, for a significant number of people exposed to the suicide fatality or attempt of another person, there are long-term, harmful mental health consequences. Shneidman’s declaration (1972) that postvention is prevention for the next generation is unquestionably supported by clear and overwhelming evidence that exposure to the suicide of another person, particularly of a close intimate, elevates the risk of suicidal behavior and of death by suicide in the population of people exposed.
The Grief After Suicide blog post related to this essay is http://bit.ly/impactessay.
Systems Must Include Three Levels of Care for Aftermath of SuicideFranklin Cook
The document discusses guidelines for providing support after a suicide and outlines three levels of care: immediate response, support services, and treatment services. It describes the goals and principles of each level. The immediate response involves crisis response, triage to identify high-risk individuals, and follow-up. Support services help people cope with grief and loss through information, guidance, and education. Treatment services are for those with mental health diagnoses and are provided by licensed professionals. The levels of care often overlap and distinguish support from treatment based on whether clinical interventions are being provided for a formal diagnosis.
Self destructive behaviors and survivors of suicidesbuffo
This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide. It defines self-destructive behavior and explains that it is often a form of self-punishment or learned behavior. It then lists common types of self-destructive behaviors like self-harm, substance abuse, and risky behaviors. The document discusses myths and facts related to suicide and explains the common elements, emotions, and cognitive states involved in suicidal thoughts and acts. It also discusses the impact of suicide on survivors and how to help survivors cope and heal from the suicide of a loved one.
Suicide is defined as the direct and willful destruction of one's own life. Death is considered suicide when accidental or natural causes are ruled out and the circumstances surrounding the death are consistent with suicide. There are several potential causes of suicide, including religious or cultural factors, personal issues, financial problems, and social/political causes. Religious or cultural causes may include values around dying for one's country or acts of self-immolation. Personal causes can involve relationship issues, parental relationships, exam failure, or mental health issues. Financial causes may stem from poverty or monetary loss, while social and political causes could be a protest or response to a failed coup attempt.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as unhealthy conditions in society and discusses factors like poverty, crime, and old age that can increase social problems. It then discusses suicide in depth, defining it, looking at global and Indian statistics on suicide, risk factors like psychiatric illnesses and life stressors, methods of assessment, theories of suicide, and prevention strategies.
Self-Destructive Behavior and Suicide Prevention in AdolescenceTimo Purjo
This document discusses self-destructive behavior and suicide prevention from an existential and meaning-centered perspective. It summarizes research showing that suicidal thoughts are common among adolescents, with up to 30% considering suicide and 10% attempting. It critiques the current model that views suicide as a symptom of mental illness, arguing treatments targeting suicidal behavior directly have been more effective. The document emphasizes identifying reasons for living and positive factors that promote resilience to help prevent suicide.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Intervention Tacticsamberella
The document discusses suicide risk assessment and intervention tactics, including identifying warning signs and risk factors, methods for talking to individuals at risk, and procedures for volunteers and first responders. It provides an overview of common mental illnesses associated with suicide risk, examples of identifying direct and indirect verbal clues as well as behavioral clues of risk, and a framework for assessing immediate threat and developing an appropriate response plan.
The document discusses social stigma as it relates to mental illness. It notes that social stigma involves stereotypes and discrimination against stigmatized groups by social groups, and can lead to the development of self-stigma. Several studies are cited that show high percentages of people who would not be friends with, hire, or think highly of those with mental illness. The negative effects of stigma are said to outweigh the negative effects of mental illness itself. Several theories for why stigma exists are discussed. Interventions shown to effectively reduce stigma include certain educational interventions and those incorporating contact with people with mental illness.
This document discusses competing definitions of moral injury from various fields. In philosophy, moral injury involves violating human rights or disrespecting personal integrity. In law, it refers to non-physical harms from tortious acts that cause emotional distress. In psychology, Jonathan Shay and Brett Litz see moral injury as resulting from witnessing or committing acts that go against moral beliefs, leading to a loss of trust and difficulty reconciling experiences with prior moral views. The document seeks to understand moral injury across these domains and their implications for American politics and society.
This document discusses the complex relationship between compassion, safety, and rights in the context of mental health. It touches on issues like involuntary treatment, dangerousness, and the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental illness. The author has experience working in mental health advocacy and has dealt with these issues from many sides. They aim to examine these issues using multiple perspectives and the most current research and law.
This document discusses suicide, including its definition, statistics, risk factors, and causes. It notes that suicide is among the top 10 causes of death in many Western countries. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, impulsivity, and experiencing negative life events or trauma. Biological factors like low serotonin levels and genetic factors may also play a role. Sociocultural influences on suicide rates include religious and cultural views of suicide, and rates vary significantly between countries and demographic groups.
States of Denial: Gendering Policy & Practice in Domestic Abuse and Mental Health Services - Professor Linda McKie, Glasgow Caledonian University - a presentation at A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
Suicide, risk factors, assessment and methodological problemsDr. Amit Chougule
The document discusses suicide risk factors and methodological issues in assessing suicide risk. It defines suicide and differentiates it from self-harm without suicidal intent. It describes global and Indian epidemiology of suicide and lists various socio-demographic, clinical, and diagnostic risk factors. It also discusses tools for assessing suicide risk and intent. However, the document notes that there is no standardized or widely accepted method for predicting suicide as risk levels can fluctuate.
The document discusses deception in online dating. It summarizes several studies that have found both men and women tend to exaggerate traits like wealth, age, beauty and commitment level in their dating profiles. Specifically, they found people were more likely to lie or use doctored photos to potential partners who were more physically attractive. However, deception can damage how favorably others perceive you if their expectations of honesty are violated. Overall, the document suggests a lack of self-worth and desire to recreate oneself, rather than being true to who you are, can lead some to deceive on dating platforms. It recommends understanding ourselves and building trust instead of feeling duped by deception.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as social factors that increase social disorganization and inhibit personal adjustment. It then discusses Durkheim's sociological theories of suicide, which posit that abnormally high or low levels of social integration can result in increased suicide rates. The rest of the document provides an overview of definitions, historical and global aspects, causes, risk factors, assessment, and prevention of suicide.
This document discusses suicide risk assessment in primary care. It provides national statistics on suicide such as rates, methods, and costs. It then examines suicide rates and methods among different demographic groups like youth, the elderly, males vs females, and worldwide trends. The document introduces a biopsychosocial model of suicide risk and discusses genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental risk factors. It also outlines specific risk factors for psychiatric illnesses and suicide among different diagnoses. The presentation concludes with a discussion of risk assessment tools and differentiating levels of suicide risk.
suicide - a public health problem
history, global scenario, Indian scenario, etiology, risk factors. protective factors, suicide in adolescents, treatment, prevention, recommendations
Suicide, it’s importance, global burden, burden of suicide in India, theories of suicide, it’s prevention, psychiatric co-morbidities associated with suicide, its treatment
This document summarizes research on variables that influence attitudes toward mentally ill individuals. It reviews literature showing stigma toward the mentally ill and discusses how attributes like race, education level, socioeconomic status, and knowing someone with a mental illness may impact views. The study aims to examine how these variables correlate with preferences around avoiding, feeling sympathy for, and spending time with mentally ill persons using General Social Survey data. It hypothesizes that higher education and being white predict less prejudice, as does having received mental health treatment or knowing someone who has.
Best Practice in Suicide Prevention, Assessment,Dr Pete Marcelo
This document discusses best practices for suicide prevention, assessment, and intervention. It provides statistics on suicide in the United States, noting that in 2002 there were 31,655 suicides, making it the 11th leading cause of death. It also discusses youth suicide, noting that suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-19. The document includes a fact sheet on youth suicide and a "Test Your Adolescent Suicide IQ" quiz.
1) Suicide risk is highest among older white males, Native Americans, and those with a history of mental illness or substance abuse.
2) Suicidal ideation and behavior exist on a continuum and are often due to an acute crisis that is temporary in nature or treatable psychiatric conditions.
3) A thorough evaluation including risk assessment tools is needed to determine appropriate treatment and precautions, such as hospitalization or outpatient follow up, for suicidal patients.
God, evolution, global warming and heart diseaseMike Rayner
This document discusses population health and related concepts. It defines population health as "the science and art of preventing disease and promoting health through the organized efforts of society, organizations, communities, families and individuals." It also notes that a population's health is more than just the sum of individual health states. Additionally, it discusses how population health aims to promote the health of groups, not just individuals.
Suicide: Risk Assessment and PreventionImran Waheed
1. The document discusses suicide risk assessment and prevention. It provides an overview of statistical data on suicide rates in the UK, outlines high risk groups, and reviews the Department of Health's suicide prevention strategy.
2. Risk factors for suicide include mood disorders, substance abuse, previous suicide attempts, and easy access to lethal means. A thorough risk assessment involves exploring suicidal thoughts and plans through open and closed questioning.
3. Ongoing support and follow-up are important for managing risk, as risk is dynamic and requires regular reassessment. Early identification and treatment of depression can help prevent suicide.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Interventions - no videosKevin J. Drab
An in depth presentation of the current information known about suicide and the most effective interventions we currently have. If you are unclear about how to handle suicidal behavior or what are the more research-based approaches this PPT will be an excellent review for you. I have been training clinicians in Suicidology for over 20 years and have always stayed on top of the latest research and literature.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This article reviewed literature and scholarly studies related to psychosocial traumatic events among women in Nigeria. It conceptualized and discussed trauma from universal and cultural perspectives and different types of trauma.
Here are two additional peer-reviewed sources on factors related to adolescent drug use:
Bogenschneider, K., Wu, M., Raffaelli, M., & Tsay, J. C. (1998). "Other teens drink, but not my kid": Does parental awareness of adolescents alcohol use protect adolescents from risky consequences? Journal of Marriage and Family, 60(2), 356-373.
Simons, R. L., & Robertson, J. F. (1989). The impact of parenting factors, deviant peers, and coping style upon adolescent drug use. Family Relations, 38(3), 273-281.
This document discusses various types of family violence including wife beating, elder abuse, child abuse, and marital rape. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these issues, describes common characteristics of abusers and victims, and examines social and cultural factors that may contribute to family violence. Theories on the causes of family violence include social learning theory, stress theory, and exchange theory. Responses to family violence vary between countries, with more developed nations having stronger legal protections and social condemnation of domestic abuse and violence within families.
This document discusses several topics related to mental disorders including popular beliefs, causes, types of classification, specific disorders like psychosis and neurosis, social stigma, and social factors. It notes that the majority of mental patients can recover, most are not violent, and that mental illness has biological, psychological, and social causes according to the biopsychosocial model. It also discusses the DSM-IV classification system and how social factors like social class, gender, age, environment, and events can impact mental disorders.
The document discusses social stigma as it relates to mental illness. It notes that social stigma involves stereotypes and discrimination against stigmatized groups by social groups, and can lead to the development of self-stigma. Several studies are cited that show high percentages of people who would not be friends with, hire, or think highly of those with mental illness. The negative effects of stigma are said to outweigh the negative effects of mental illness itself. Several theories for why stigma exists are discussed. Interventions shown to effectively reduce stigma include certain educational interventions and those incorporating contact with people with mental illness.
This document discusses competing definitions of moral injury from various fields. In philosophy, moral injury involves violating human rights or disrespecting personal integrity. In law, it refers to non-physical harms from tortious acts that cause emotional distress. In psychology, Jonathan Shay and Brett Litz see moral injury as resulting from witnessing or committing acts that go against moral beliefs, leading to a loss of trust and difficulty reconciling experiences with prior moral views. The document seeks to understand moral injury across these domains and their implications for American politics and society.
This document discusses the complex relationship between compassion, safety, and rights in the context of mental health. It touches on issues like involuntary treatment, dangerousness, and the perspectives of those with lived experience of mental illness. The author has experience working in mental health advocacy and has dealt with these issues from many sides. They aim to examine these issues using multiple perspectives and the most current research and law.
This document discusses suicide, including its definition, statistics, risk factors, and causes. It notes that suicide is among the top 10 causes of death in many Western countries. Risk factors include depression, substance abuse, impulsivity, and experiencing negative life events or trauma. Biological factors like low serotonin levels and genetic factors may also play a role. Sociocultural influences on suicide rates include religious and cultural views of suicide, and rates vary significantly between countries and demographic groups.
States of Denial: Gendering Policy & Practice in Domestic Abuse and Mental Health Services - Professor Linda McKie, Glasgow Caledonian University - a presentation at A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
Suicide, risk factors, assessment and methodological problemsDr. Amit Chougule
The document discusses suicide risk factors and methodological issues in assessing suicide risk. It defines suicide and differentiates it from self-harm without suicidal intent. It describes global and Indian epidemiology of suicide and lists various socio-demographic, clinical, and diagnostic risk factors. It also discusses tools for assessing suicide risk and intent. However, the document notes that there is no standardized or widely accepted method for predicting suicide as risk levels can fluctuate.
The document discusses deception in online dating. It summarizes several studies that have found both men and women tend to exaggerate traits like wealth, age, beauty and commitment level in their dating profiles. Specifically, they found people were more likely to lie or use doctored photos to potential partners who were more physically attractive. However, deception can damage how favorably others perceive you if their expectations of honesty are violated. Overall, the document suggests a lack of self-worth and desire to recreate oneself, rather than being true to who you are, can lead some to deceive on dating platforms. It recommends understanding ourselves and building trust instead of feeling duped by deception.
The document discusses social pathology and suicide. It defines social pathology as social factors that increase social disorganization and inhibit personal adjustment. It then discusses Durkheim's sociological theories of suicide, which posit that abnormally high or low levels of social integration can result in increased suicide rates. The rest of the document provides an overview of definitions, historical and global aspects, causes, risk factors, assessment, and prevention of suicide.
This document discusses suicide risk assessment in primary care. It provides national statistics on suicide such as rates, methods, and costs. It then examines suicide rates and methods among different demographic groups like youth, the elderly, males vs females, and worldwide trends. The document introduces a biopsychosocial model of suicide risk and discusses genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental risk factors. It also outlines specific risk factors for psychiatric illnesses and suicide among different diagnoses. The presentation concludes with a discussion of risk assessment tools and differentiating levels of suicide risk.
suicide - a public health problem
history, global scenario, Indian scenario, etiology, risk factors. protective factors, suicide in adolescents, treatment, prevention, recommendations
Suicide, it’s importance, global burden, burden of suicide in India, theories of suicide, it’s prevention, psychiatric co-morbidities associated with suicide, its treatment
This document summarizes research on variables that influence attitudes toward mentally ill individuals. It reviews literature showing stigma toward the mentally ill and discusses how attributes like race, education level, socioeconomic status, and knowing someone with a mental illness may impact views. The study aims to examine how these variables correlate with preferences around avoiding, feeling sympathy for, and spending time with mentally ill persons using General Social Survey data. It hypothesizes that higher education and being white predict less prejudice, as does having received mental health treatment or knowing someone who has.
Best Practice in Suicide Prevention, Assessment,Dr Pete Marcelo
This document discusses best practices for suicide prevention, assessment, and intervention. It provides statistics on suicide in the United States, noting that in 2002 there were 31,655 suicides, making it the 11th leading cause of death. It also discusses youth suicide, noting that suicide is the third leading cause of death for those aged 15-19. The document includes a fact sheet on youth suicide and a "Test Your Adolescent Suicide IQ" quiz.
1) Suicide risk is highest among older white males, Native Americans, and those with a history of mental illness or substance abuse.
2) Suicidal ideation and behavior exist on a continuum and are often due to an acute crisis that is temporary in nature or treatable psychiatric conditions.
3) A thorough evaluation including risk assessment tools is needed to determine appropriate treatment and precautions, such as hospitalization or outpatient follow up, for suicidal patients.
God, evolution, global warming and heart diseaseMike Rayner
This document discusses population health and related concepts. It defines population health as "the science and art of preventing disease and promoting health through the organized efforts of society, organizations, communities, families and individuals." It also notes that a population's health is more than just the sum of individual health states. Additionally, it discusses how population health aims to promote the health of groups, not just individuals.
Suicide: Risk Assessment and PreventionImran Waheed
1. The document discusses suicide risk assessment and prevention. It provides an overview of statistical data on suicide rates in the UK, outlines high risk groups, and reviews the Department of Health's suicide prevention strategy.
2. Risk factors for suicide include mood disorders, substance abuse, previous suicide attempts, and easy access to lethal means. A thorough risk assessment involves exploring suicidal thoughts and plans through open and closed questioning.
3. Ongoing support and follow-up are important for managing risk, as risk is dynamic and requires regular reassessment. Early identification and treatment of depression can help prevent suicide.
Suicide Risk Assessment and Interventions - no videosKevin J. Drab
An in depth presentation of the current information known about suicide and the most effective interventions we currently have. If you are unclear about how to handle suicidal behavior or what are the more research-based approaches this PPT will be an excellent review for you. I have been training clinicians in Suicidology for over 20 years and have always stayed on top of the latest research and literature.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); This article reviewed literature and scholarly studies related to psychosocial traumatic events among women in Nigeria. It conceptualized and discussed trauma from universal and cultural perspectives and different types of trauma.
Here are two additional peer-reviewed sources on factors related to adolescent drug use:
Bogenschneider, K., Wu, M., Raffaelli, M., & Tsay, J. C. (1998). "Other teens drink, but not my kid": Does parental awareness of adolescents alcohol use protect adolescents from risky consequences? Journal of Marriage and Family, 60(2), 356-373.
Simons, R. L., & Robertson, J. F. (1989). The impact of parenting factors, deviant peers, and coping style upon adolescent drug use. Family Relations, 38(3), 273-281.
This document discusses various types of family violence including wife beating, elder abuse, child abuse, and marital rape. It provides statistics on the prevalence of these issues, describes common characteristics of abusers and victims, and examines social and cultural factors that may contribute to family violence. Theories on the causes of family violence include social learning theory, stress theory, and exchange theory. Responses to family violence vary between countries, with more developed nations having stronger legal protections and social condemnation of domestic abuse and violence within families.
This document discusses several topics related to mental disorders including popular beliefs, causes, types of classification, specific disorders like psychosis and neurosis, social stigma, and social factors. It notes that the majority of mental patients can recover, most are not violent, and that mental illness has biological, psychological, and social causes according to the biopsychosocial model. It also discusses the DSM-IV classification system and how social factors like social class, gender, age, environment, and events can impact mental disorders.
This document discusses types of physical violence including assault, homicide, and characteristics of homicide. It notes that there is a link between poverty and murder, and that blacks generally have a higher homicide rate than whites. Most killings are intraracial. Males are more likely than females to kill, at a younger age. Juvenile violence and gangs have increased in recent decades. Most murders occur in the heat of passion, with no strong connection to time of day or season. Men are more likely to kill in public, while women more often kill at home. Guns enable violence.
1) Rape patterns are influenced by factors such as race, age, time of year, location, and victim characteristics. Gang rapes account for over 40% of reported rapes and target unsuspecting victims. 2) Date/acquaintance rape is the most common type, often involving verbal coercion, and over half of female college students experience sexual assault. 3) Victim responses vary depending on the type of rape, and they may face further abuse from police and courts when reporting. Survivors commonly experience shock, fear, and long-term psychological impacts.
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.
300 words and please cite from the document.docxwrite4
The document provides an overview of the history and definitions of mental health disorders. It discusses how mental disorders were viewed in ancient times and treated throughout history, including the first asylums. Key figures who helped reform treatment are mentioned, such as Pinel who believed in humane treatment. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is discussed as the standard reference used by clinicians. Three common neurodevelopmental disorders - intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - are defined.
Attachment, Antisocial, And Antisocial BehaviorDiane Allen
Secure early attachments help develop empathy and emotional regulation, promoting prosocial behavior. Those lacking these skills display antisocial behavior like disrespecting others' rights. Antisocial behavior in adolescents can predict later adjustment issues and criminality. While some defiance is normal in teens, consistent antisocial behavior signals a disorder requiring treatment.
A biopsychosocial model of metaphor therapy with holistic cultures..pdfGuille Elizondo
This document discusses the use of metaphor therapy within holistic cultures. It begins by contrasting Western psychologized cultures with holistic non-Western cultures. While Western cultures view the mind and body as separate, non-Western cultures adopt a holistic perspective where physical and social factors are more important than intrapsychic factors. The document then proposes a biopsychosocial model of therapy that incorporates biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. It also discusses how non-Western clients describe distress through physical complaints and metaphoric language rather than psychological terms. The document concludes by advocating for a metaphoric therapeutic approach that works within the client's holistic and imaginative framework rather than translating their language into a Western psychological model
The document discusses ableism and discrimination against disabled people. It defines ableism as discrimination in favor of able-bodied people and neuronormativity as the idea that those with autism or related disorders are deficient. Popular culture is often criticized for portraying disabled people in stereotypical or stigmatizing ways, such as for inspiration or as frightening characters. Mental illnesses also face stigma, though they affect many people and proper treatment can allow people to lead full lives. The document advocates raising awareness of ableism and changing discriminatory attitudes and language regarding disabilities.
Abnormal Psychology Vs Psychopathology EssayAngie Lee
The document discusses abnormal psychology and psychopathology. It notes that abnormal psychology focuses on individuals who deviate from statistical or social norms in terms of their behavior, thoughts, or emotions. While abnormal psychology and psychopathology are often used interchangeably, abnormal psychology is sometimes viewed more negatively as it implies that individuals are "not normal". However, deviating from statistical norms does not necessarily mean someone has a psychological disorder or illness. The document provides examples to illustrate this point.
1 in each 8 individuals on the planet live with a psychological issue
Mental problems include huge aggravations in thinking, profound guideline, or conduct
Similar to Younmar soc chapter_8_mental_health_presentation(3) (7)
1. Chapter 8Mental Disorder Part I: Mary Young Part II: Anne (Philamena) Casey
2. Popular Beliefs Myth #1: Mental illness is essentially incurable; most mental patients will never recover. Myth #2: The mentally ill are no longer stigmatized and are treated with respect and understanding. Myth #3: The mentally ill are mostly crazed, violent, and therefore dangerous. (MY)
3. Popular Beliefs (cont’d.) Reality #1: The majority of mental patients can recover and live relatively normal lives (Thio, p. 170). Reality #2: Most people, regardless of age and education, feel that the mentally ill are somehow dangerous, violent, unpredictable, or worthless (Thio, p. 184). Reality #3: The great majority (about 90%) of mental patients are not prone to violence and criminality. They are more likely to hurt themselves than others (Thio, p. 170). (MY)
4.
5. “Mentally Healthy”vs. “Mentally Ill” (cont’d.) Misconceptions that distinguish mentally ill from mentally healthy: Hospitalization Violence Winter Blues Autism (MY)
9. Types of Mental Disorder (cont’d.) DSM-IV Classification The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (Thio, p. 174) Each mental disorder is listed along with its defining symptoms/criteria. (MY)
28. Lower incidence of mental disorder in traditional agricultural societies such as China and Nigeria. (Thio, p.181)
29.
30. Societal Response to Mental Disorder In ancient Greece mental illness was viewed with awe. (Thio, p.182) In the middle ages, mental patients were portrayed by artists as the only ones in touch with reality (Thio, p. 183) In biblical times mental patients were perceived as demons and put to death. In 1600 Germany a man proclaimed to be God, his tongue was cut out, he was beheaded and his body was burned. (Thio, p. 183) In 1793 a revolutionary change in attitude toward mentally ill occurred in Paris, they were treated with respect or moral treatment. (Thio, p.183) By 1955 new alternatives to mental institutions began to emerge, these included hospitals, outpatient clinics, private clinics and community mental health clinics. (Thio, p.184) PC
31. Community responsibility for mental health services PC Reducing suicide rates requires a collective, concerted effort from all groups in society: health, social services, other professionals, communities and community leaders, voluntary and statutory agencies and organizations, parents, friends, neighbors, and individuals. (Horizon, 2007 p.54) Suicide is an issue which affects every element of our society. The frequent clustering of suicides leaves not just individuals bereaved – families, friends, neighbors, and colleagues – but also devastates entire communities, leaving a legacy of hurt, confusion, insecurity, and fear. (Horizon, 2007 p.54)
32. Mental health courts a misguided attempt PC People with mental illness are falling through the cracks of this country’s social safety net and are landing in the criminal justice system at an alarming rate. (Seltzer 2005, p.572) Adults with mental illnesses are arrested for the same behavior twice as often as people who do not have a mental illness. (Seltzer 2005, p.573) Half of all arrests of people with mental illnesses are for nonviolent crimes such as trespassing or disorderly conduct. (Seltzer 2005, p.577)
33. PC Courts can hospitalize the mentally ill against their will for an indefinite period of time. Insanity defense , if judged insane sent to an institution , if judged sane is sent to prison.
34. References for Part I Bos, A., Kanner, D., Muris, P., Janssen, B., & Mayer B. (2009). Mental illness stigma and disclosure: Consequences of coming out of the closet. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(8), 509-513. doi:10.1080/01612840802601382. Kinderman, P. (2005). A psychological model of mental disorder. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 13(4), 206-207. doi:10.1080/10673220500243349. Thio, Alex. (2010). Deviant Behavior (10th ed.). Boston: Pearson. (MY)
35. References Part II (2008). Remarks by Mary McAleese, President of Ireland : Made at the International Association of Suicide Prevention XXIV Biennial Conference, August 31, 2007, Irish National Events Centre, Killarney, Co. Kerry, Ireland. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 29(1), 53-55. doi:10.1027/0227-5910.29.1.53. Seltzer, T. (2005). Mental health courts: A misguided attempt to address the criminal justice system's unfair treatment of people with mental illnesses. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 570-586. Thio, A. (2010). Deviant behavior. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. PC
Editor's Notes
We have all been mentally ill at one time or another, just as we have been physically ill at one time or another.Most mental illnesses are typically not severe and are extremely common.Problems of everyday life can bring about symptoms such as sadness, anxiety, irritability, and depression (Thio, p. 169).
Hospitalization – The majority (70-80%) of hospitalized mental patients can recover and live relatively normal lives with successful treatment.Violence – The great majority (about 90%) of mental patients are not prone to violence and criminality.Winter Blues – Typically viewed as depression caused by lack of sunshine and coldness; however, depression is actually more likely to strike people in the summer than winter. Depression is a very common occurrence.Autism – The rate of autism has risen 657% over the past decade, partly due to broader definitions of the disorder and the inclusion of mild symptoms that were not previously included (Thio, p. 170).
Studies have shown a “link between mental disorder and genetics, biochemical abnormalities, neuroanatomical abnormalities, and the structure and functioning of the brain” (Kinderman, 2005). A variety of mental health conditions – such as depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia – have been linked to genetic heritability.There is a scientifically proven association between mental disorders and psychological issues, such as life-shaping experiences or circumstances, childhood sexual abuse, bullying, assault, and interpersonal conflict (Kinderman, 2005).Studies have also shown a connection between mental disorders and social factors, such as poverty and unemployment (Kinderman, 2005).
These are two broad categories of mental disorder that both show the same symptoms: hallucination, delusion, impaired judgment, and other behavioral disturbances (Thio, p. 171).Organic Disorders – Result from damage to the brain. Examples: tumor, head injury, viral meningitis, brain syphilis, lead poisoning, deterioration from old age, drug abuse, or other acute physical damageFunctional Disorders – Result from psychological and social factors.Examples: unpleasant childhood experiences, interpersonal conflict, social stress (Thio, p. 171)These two categories are differentiated by their underlying cause.
According to Freud, “Psychosis denies reality and tries to substitute something else for it; neurosis does not deny reality, it merely tries to ignore it” (Thio, p. 171).Psychosis – Loses touch with reality. Does not recognize they are mentally ill (Thio, p. 171).Neurosis – Inability to face reality. Worried, terrified, or obsessed about reality (Thio, p. 173).Personality Disorder – Too self-absorbed, unsociable, or antisocial (Thio, p. 174).
Schizophrenia is the most common type of psychosis. Symptoms of Schizophrenia include: Loss of touch with reality Problems or inability to attend work or school Inappropriate expression of emotions Withdrawal from others Unresponsiveness to surroundings Delusions of grandeur or persecution Hallucinations (Thio, p. 172)
Manic-Depressive Disorder -aka Bipolar Disorder - is another common type of psychosis. Manic-Depressive Disorder is characterized by a fluctuation between opposite extreme of mood:mania vs. depression (Thio, p. 172).Symptoms of mania include: elation, exuberance, confidence, or excitement, hyperactivity, and grandiose delusions (Thio, p. 172).Symptoms of depression include: overwhelming despair, delusions of worthlessness, and suicidal ideation (Thio, p. 173).
Anxiety reaction -- Examples: Apprehension, nervousness, panic sensation, phobiasObsession/Compulsion:Obsession – Bothersome interruptions of normal train of thought.Compulsion – Ritualistic actions and the need to perform them.Depressive reaction -- Examples: Sadness, dejection, self-deprecationPsychophysiologic Disorder aka Psychosomatic illness --Symptoms that have no physical or neurologic cause (Thio, p. 173-174).
Personality Disorder is characterized by:* Blatant disregard for society’s rules * Lack of conscience and compassion * Self-centered nonconformists (Thio, p. 174).
Social stigmatization can have a tremendous impact on the lives of people with mental disorders. According to the labeling theory, “stereotypes about the mentally ill become personally relevant for persons with a mental disorder. These beliefs may act as a self-fulfilling prophecy and lead to lowered self-esteem” (Box, et al., 2009).To disclose or not disclose … that is the question. Disclosure may lead to stigmatization and contribute negatively towards psychological well-being. However, nondisclosure reduces the availability of social supports and can contribute to additional psychological stressors and challenges (Box, et al., 2009).
Social causation:* Mental disorder caused by social stressors. * Most prevalent in lower-class people.Social selection:* Higher-class people shift towards lower-class as lower-class status is a consequence of mental disorder (Thio, p. 176-177)
* Gender roles influence gender difference in mental disorder.* Women are more likely to have depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder.* Men are more likely to have antisocial personality, paranoia, drug and alcohol disorders (Thio, p. 177).
* The elderly are the least likely to become mentally ill.* People aged 25-34 have the highest rate of mental illness.* Youth depression rates have increased significantly in recent decades (Thio, p. 178).
* Mild depression – SAD - (short-term)* Situational depression – MORE SAD -(intermediate)* Major Depression – SEVERE SADNESS -(long-term) (Thio, p. 178-179)
* Increased rates of psychiatric distress among American blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.* Minorities experience more social stress due to discrimination, poverty, and cultural conflict (Thio, p. 179-180).
* Increased rates of mental disorder in urban areas, particularly inner city.* Produces abundance of physical and social stressors. Examples: traffic, noise, crowding, social tension, lack of social support (Thio, p. 180)
* Geographic proximity to terror attack correlates with posttraumatic stress disorder occurrence and severity.* More exposure to media coverage of terror attack correlates with increased posttraumatic stress disorder occurrence and severity (Thio, p. 181).