This document discusses several topics related to mental disorders including popular beliefs, causes, types, social stigma, and societal responses. It addresses myths such as mental illness being incurable and the mentally ill being dangerous. It discusses the biopsychosocial model of multiple simultaneous factors causing disorders and classifications in the DSM-IV. The document also summarizes how social factors like class, gender, age and environment can impact mental disorders and how societies have historically responded to the mentally ill.

1. Chapter 8Mental Disorder Part I: Mary Young Part II: Anne (Philamena) Casey

2. Popular BeliefsMyth #1: Mental illness is essentially incurable; most mental patients will never recover.Myth #2: The mentally ill are no longer stigmatized and are treated with respect and understanding.Myth #3: The mentally ill are mostly crazed, violent, and therefore dangerous. (MY)

3. Popular Beliefs (cont’d.)Reality #1: The majority of mental patients can recover and live relatively normal lives (Thio, p. 170).Reality #2: Most people, regardless of age and education, feel that the mentally ill are somehow dangerous, violent, unpredictable, or worthless (Thio, p. 184).Reality #3: The great majority (about 90%) of mental patients are not prone to violence and criminality. They are more likely to hurt themselves than others (Thio, p. 170). (MY)

4. “Mentally Healthy” vs. “Mentally Ill”Mild depression has been referred to as “the common cold of mental illness” (Thio, p. 169).(MY)

5. “Mentally Healthy”vs. “Mentally Ill” (cont’d.)Misconceptions that distinguish mentally ill from mentally healthy: Hospitalization Violence Winter Blues Autism(MY)

6. Causes of Mental DisorderBiopsychosocial model The theory that multiple, simultaneous factors cause mental disorder.Biological factors

7. Psychological factors

8. Social factors (Kinderman, 2005) (MY)Types of Mental DisorderTraditional Classification 1.) Organic Disorders 2.) Functional Disorders(MY)

9. Types of Mental Disorder (cont’d.)DSM-IV Classification The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (Thio, p. 174) Each mental disorder is listed along with its defining symptoms/criteria.(MY)

10. Functional DisordersSubdivision of Functional Disorders Psychosis Neurosis Personality Disorder(MY)

11. Functional Disorders (cont’d.)PsychosisMost severe functional disorderExample: Schizophrenia(MY)

12. Functional Disorders (cont’d.)Psychosis (cont’d.)Example: Manic-Depressive Disorderaka Bipolar Disorder(MY)

13. Functional Disorders (cont’d.)NeurosisLess severe than psychosis 1.) Anxiety reaction 2.) Obsession/Compulsion 3.) Depressive reaction 4.) Psychophysiologic Disorder(MY)

14. Functional Disorders (cont’d.)Personality DisorderDeviant behavior not otherwise classified as psychotic or neurotic.(MY)

15. Social Stigma of Mental DisordersSocial stigma can …Contribute to low income and unemployment

16. Reduce social contacts and increase social rejection which may lead to social isolation

17. Impact overall life satisfaction

18. Reduce self-esteem

19. Reinforce self-fulfilling prophecy(Box, Kanner, Muris, Janssen, Mayer, 2009) (MY)

20. Social Factors in Mental Disorders1.) Social Class Most influential factor on mental disorder.(MY)

21. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)2.) Gender(MY)

22. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)3.) Young Age(MY)

23. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)4.) Social Profile of Depressed Teens(MY)

24. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)5.) Race and Ethnicity(MY)

25. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)6.) Urban Environment(MY)

26. Social Factors in Mental Disorders (cont’d.)7.) September 11(MY)

27. A Global Perspective on Mental DisorderPCIncidence of mental disorder is generally higher in modern industrial societies such as the United States, France and England. (Thio, p.181)

28. Lower incidence of mental disorder in traditional agricultural societies such as China and Nigeria. (Thio, p.181)

29. Many different mental disorders occur in only specific areas which are attributed to the specific culture of the area.A current events impact on Mental Health. September 11th, 2001. Three to Five days following September 11th , approximately 44% of Americans experienced symptoms of PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) such as irritability, difficulty sleeping etc. (Thio, p.181) Five to Nine weeks after September 11th, 10% of New Yorkers came down with symptoms of major depression. To provide perspective, the serious stress suffered by 2.7% to 11.2% of Americans was considered a significant public health problem. (Thio, p. 181) (Schlenger et al., 2002)PC