Xerox was founded in 1906 in the United States as a document and imaging company. It introduced the first plain paper copier in 1959, which brought about an early revolution and allowed the company to maintain a near monopoly for many years. However, by the 1980s Xerox faced intense competition from lower costs Japanese competitors, and its market share fell from 96% to 45% as it struggled with higher costs and inferior quality products. Xerox worked to address these issues through benchmarking and reducing defects.

2. Presented To:
Resp. Sir Zia-Ul-Haq Zuberi
Presented By:
Dated:
Sheikh Saqib Ahmed
Raja Awais Asgher
Haroon Arshad Jutt
Tahira Yasmeen
Ume Habiba
06-01-2014

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Xerox was founded in 1906 in USA
Basically a document and imaging company
an early revolution by introducing 914 plain
paper copiers
sales growth exceeded 25% from year 1946 to
1973 in plain paper copier business
Company that invented photocopier in 1959
and maintained a virtual monopoly for many
years

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LCD Monitors
Photo copier
Xerox phaser printers
Multifunction printers
Large volume digital printers
Market Software

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Founded in
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April 18, 1906,
Rochester, New York, United
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Joseph C. Wilson,
Chester Carlson
Ursula Burns
Founded by
CEO

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Rank Xerox Limited:
51/49 Joint venture established in 1969
which are working in the Europe, Africa and
parts of Asia
America Customer Operations: Which
Operated in Canada, South & Central
America, China
Fuji Xerox:
50/50 Joint Venture with Fuji and Operated
in Japan and other Asia Pacific regions

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Annual sales growth exceeded 25% from year
1946 to 1973 in plain paper copier business
•Annual growth of earning exceeds 35% in
the same period
•Brought about an early revolution by
introducing 914 plain paper copiers
•The copying equipment business achieved
the growth from 20 million in 1959 to 9.5
billion in 1965 just within 6 years
•Created a global network through the
partnership the partnership model like Rank
Xerox and Fuji Xerox

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Intense competition from both the US and
Japanese competitors.
•The average manufacturing cost of copiers
in Japanese companies was 40-50% of that of
Xerox.
•Market share of Xerox fell from 96% to 45%
in same period
• The company's operating cost was high
and its products were of relatively inferior
quality in comparison to its competitors.
•Xerox also suffered from its highly
centralized decision-making processes.

10. After the study xerox find out that:
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Competition
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Manufacturing cost
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Quality

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The average manufacturing cost of copiers in
Japanese companies was 40-50% of that of
Xerox. As a result, Japanese companies were
able to undercut Xerox's prices effortlessly.
•Xerox found out that it took twice as long as
it’s Japanese competitors to bring a product
to market, five times the number of
engineers, four times the number of design
changes, and three times the design costs

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In the early 1980s, Xerox found itself
increasingly vulnerable to intense
competition from both the US and Japanese
competitors.
•It ignored new entrants (Ricoh, Canon, and
Sevin) who were consolidating their positions
in the lower-end market and in niche
segments.

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Xerox's products had over 30,000 defective
parts per million - about 30 times more than
its competitors.
•Xerox would need an 18% annual
productivity growth rate for five consecutive
years to catch up with the Japanese

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In 1991, Xerox developed Business
Excellence Certification (BEC) to integrate
benchmarking with the company's overall
strategies
Number of defects reduced by 78 per 100
machines.
•Customer complaints to the president's
office declined by more than 60
• Service response time reduced by 27%.

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Inspection of incoming components reduced
to below 5%.
• Defects in incoming parts reduced to
150ppm.
• Marketing productivity increased by onethird.
•Distribution productivity increased by 8-10
%.
• Increased product reliability on account of
40% reduction in unscheduled
maintenance.
• Notable decrease in labour costs

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Errors in billing reduced from 8.3 % to 3.5%
percent.
• Became the leader in the high-volume
copier-duplicator market segment.
• Country units improved sales from 152% to
328%.

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Customer Replaceable Unit Monitor
A process by which the state or status of
consumable sub systems can be monitored to
enhance the efficiency or productivity of the
machine on which it is installed.
EA Microspheres
Emulsion Aggregation (EA) is a new
technology for the preparation of
microspheres where 1-15 micron size
particles can be grown from smaller,
nanometer size constituents.

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Image Sensor
Xerox has developed a Full Width Array (FWA)
image sensor that is the best in its class for
speed and image quality in traditional document
scanning markets.
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Switch-A-View
Xerox researchers have developed a novel color
printing technology that allows multiple images
to be combined in a single hard copy print, yet
allows users to view the images one image at a
time by exposing it to a specific color of light.

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Tear and Crush System:
In our "tear and crush" system, paper is torn into
small pieces instead of simply being cut, thereby
leaving the paper fibers intact and not cut off.
This makes it easier to recycle paper and enables
the effective use of paper that was previously
processed as burnable rubbish.
Lgnite
A new technology is in the works at Xerox that
will essentially turn photocopiers into papergrading machines that can even recognize
handwriting to distinguish both math formulas,
as well as long-form essays.

20. QUESTIONS
COMMENTS