WIPAC Monthly Update - November 2020

WIPAC MONTHLYThe Monthly Update from Water Industry Process Automation & Control
www.wipac.org.uk Issue 9/2020- November 2020

In this Issue
WIPAC Monthly is a publication of the Water Industry Process Automation & Control Group. It is produced by the group
manager and WIPAC Monthly Editor, Oliver Grievson. This is a free publication for the benefit of the Water Industry and please
feel free to distribute to any who you may feel benefit. However due to the ongoing costs of WIPAC Monthly a donation website
has been set up to allow readers to contribute to the running of WIPAC & WIPAC Monthly, For those wishing to donate then
please visit https://www.patreon.com/Wipac all donations will be used solely for the benefit and development of WIPAC.
All enquires about WIPAC Monthly, including those who want to publish news or articles within these pages, should be directed
to the publications editor, Oliver Grievson at olivergrievson@hotmail.com
From the editor............................................................................................................. 3
Industry news..............................................................................................................
Highlights of the news of the month from the global water industry centred around the successes of a few
of the companies in the global market.
4 - 10
The promise of data analytics.......................................................................................
In this article, written by Peter Gabor of Emerson Process Management, we examine the benefits that data analytics
can bring as long as there is the right amount of data available
11-12
Water scarcity crisis, what crisis?..................................................................................
This article by Alan Hunt of ABB, originally published in this month's Foundation for Water Research newsletter,
is all about water scarcity, leakage and how we can use instrumentation to help inform the scale of the problem
13 - 15
Artificial Intelligence for process control.......................................................................
This article by Thouheed Gafoor of Innovyze, originally published in Water Online, is an article explaining how
artificial intelligence can be used for process control within the water (and other) industries.
16-19
Workshops, conferences & seminars............................................................................
The highlights of the conferences and workshops in the coming months. 20-21

From the Editor

In the water industry right now, at least in England & Wales, there is a very public concentration on the performance
of the industry around water pollution. More recently though there has been an under current that there needs to be
more development in sensor technologies. With the current focus on Digital Transformation this couldn't be more apt
time to have the discussion. A few years ago there was a project on what measuring technologies the industry needs,
unfortunately the project wasn't successful in highlighting the needs of the industry and the supply chain were forced to
do what they normally do and guess.
So, what does the industry need? Its a guessing game to be honest and the best way to make the most informed guess
has been to attend conferences, workshops, seminars and the likes. From experience I know listening to people at these
sort of events you could make an intelligent guess of what the industry would need in the next 5 years or so. The problem
is with the current lockdown the events are giving that sort of feedback. Although recently this month the discussion at
the Future Water Association's virtual event did yield the success of smart metering in the Thames Water region and how
the value of the data that is being collected to the operational business is second to none. Hearing this comment from
the operational business about the value of data is quite some affirmation of the value of data. In the presentation there
was the comment that (a) the per capita consumption metric was actually a very poor metric to use in terms of water
efficiency but (b) interestingly the PCC that is utilised within the water industry, typically around 144L per person per day is a statistic that is heavily weighted
by the "super" consumers that use this amount of water primarily through customer side leakage. This sort of insight is incredibly useful for the water industry
and has come to light through the application of smart water meters. The analysis in fact highlighted that the PCC of the "average" customer is closer to 100
litres per person per day which is lower than the target that the national infrastructure commission set for the industry to achieve by 2040. Is this the sort of
insight that the industry needs? Of course and it is only possible through the appropriate amount of smart water metering and the appropriate resolution of
water consumption data.
In reality this is what the Digital Transformation of the water industry is really about insofar as the identification of the information requirement and using
this to identify both the information and data requirements. When we look at the use of smart meter data it is primarily for revenue collection however when
the data is looked at there is significantly more insight including, in this example, the quantitative bias in per capita consumption. So what else is there? The
answer is a lot but there has to be value in the initial insight which will facilitate the collection of the data which in turn may lead to further insight.
It is this sort of insight that needs to gathered and through discussions at both the Virtual Flow Forum this month and through other discussions I tend to have
on a fairly frequent basis there seems to be a lot more out there. One of the issues that was highlighted was the assessment of wastewater flow and event
data for flow to full treatment compliance assessment. It is an area of significant investment and something that, across the industry, could produce 5 million
pieces of data every day, multiply this by the calendar year and the industry has to analyse over 1.8 billion pieces of data that needs to be converted into a
compliance assessment. There are solutions that have the potential of solving this data dilemma but may need adaptation to tailor the solution. This is where
the OFWAT innovation competition can be utilised so that potential solutions can be realised the data not only for flow to full treatment compliance but other
uses like pollution detection. However the techniques need to be refined.
The adoption of Digital Transformation in the Smart Water industry has struggled to get off the ground mainly because the benefits have been unclear. As case
studies are starting to develop and the insight and potential savings identified then the concept is starting to take off.
Have a good month and of course stay safe,
Oliver

Virtual Flow Forum a great success
The 6th WIPAC Webinar took place this month and this time was a virtual version of
what normally takes place at the Water, Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring
(WWEM) conference & exhibition. It being a virtual event we had the benefit that
people from around the world could join the day long webinar.
In the first sessions the discussions got underway about the management &
measurement of wastewater within the wastewater system (both collection network
and treatment). In particular in this session we heard from Andy Godley of the WRc
talking about bringing together a standard for event duration monitoring of storm
weirs as long as a presentation from WIPAC Executive Director, Oliver Grievson, about
the strategic direction of the industry in terms of wastewater flow management.
The second session was very much about the problems that instrumentation faces
and how the data needs to be looked at objectively to filter out some of the signals
that could lead to false assumptions with the case study of interferences by electric
forces. The second and third presentations of the session talked about the technology that is available to analyse the data and allows water companies holistic
management of the data.
The last session was about the technologies and we heard from companies about the measurement technologies available to measure the system. A recording is
freely available to all to watch and can be reached by clicking the graphic above, on YouTube under the Water Industry Process Automation & Control Channel (please
subscribe) or by pasting the following link https://youtu.be/AZpg-33E3ig
WWEM Conference & Exhibition announces virtual conference
and delay until 2022 for the physical exhibition
This month has seen International Labmate, the organisers of the WWEM Conference & Exhibition, announce a virtual version of their highly successful conference
& exhibition whilst also announcing the delay of the physical conference & exhibition. David Helleyer, the conference manager announced in a press statement on
the WWEM website.
When we made the early decision to postpone WWEM to May 2021, we felt that this was the best for everyone involved and believed that
the COVID-19 situation would have been fully resolved by this time.
It is becoming clearer that the current situation will significantly impact the chance of successfully holding an in-person event safely next
year. Our key consideration is always the health and safety of everyone involved, closely followed by the need to ensure the event is
successful for all exhibitors, visitors, and sponsors.
Whilst recent positive news about the vaccine is encouraging, it is still being made clear that there is a long way to go. With the threat of
physical events remaining unsafe, we feel that we have no choice but reschedule.
We have therefore decided to postpone WWEM until the 12th – 13th October 2022 and we will organise a virtual WWEM and AQE event
on the 13th-14th October 2021.
We will publish more details in the coming weeks and months and look forward to welcoming you to both virtual event in 2021 and the
physical event in 2022.
Where this is an unfortunate circumstance work will be ongoing on the virtual version of the conference & exhibition to ensure that both the technical content that
is delivered at each of the events will still be available to attendees of the virtual event along with a virtual version of the exhibition to enable attendees to catch up
on the technological developments within the industry.
It has been confirmed that the Water Industry Process Automation & Control Group will be holding another virtual Flow Forum as has just been delivered this
month to the industry along with a host of other content. There are currently thoughts about having a number of smaller events leading up to next October’s Virtual
WWEM.
Page 4
Industry News

Gandía becomes a Smart Water City in a project with GoAigua
and Vodafone
Gandía has become the European Smart Water City of reference. Through the project led by GoAigua, Vodafone and the Gandía Town Council, this municipality
of Valencia (Spain) is immersed in a process of digital transformation of water management thanks to GoAigua’s solutions and Vodafone’s NB-IoT communication
network.
Its benefits extend to different actors involved in the water cycle: citizens, industry, administration and public services. Here are the details of this pioneering
initiative in Europe.
The plan for the digitization of water management in the city of Gandia arises as a result of the joint effort between GoAigua, Vodafone and the city council. The
aim of the municipal team was to boost water yield, optimise resources and offer an excellent service to citizens. The solution chosen was the implementation
of GoAigua’s technological solutions together with Vodafone’s advances in NB-IoT, generating synergies between two leading companies in digitization and
connectivity.
Narrowband-IoT (NB-IoT) is an innovative technology designed to facilitate the connection of objects that transmit small amounts of data over long periods of
time. The type of communication used is designed to maximise the efficiency and durability of the meter battery, using the existing mobile network.
In this project, Vodafone channels data transmission through its communications network, using SIM cards and mobile phone infrastructure. This simplifies
communication between the device and the central information receiver.
The digitization of water management in Gandia involves the implementation of remote reading meters and the transmission of hourly consumption data using
Vodafone’s NB-IoT communications infrastructure. These data are subsequently acquired and standardized in GoAigua’s Big Data platform. Innovative services
are built on this process to increase management efficiency and improve citizens’ quality of life.
The project includes the deployment of around 40,000 smart meters responsible for collecting and transmitting hourly consumption information. Thanks to
advances in NB-IoT connectivity, Vodafone will ensure that every area, no matter how difficult its access to a network is, has a fully operable meter.
In addition, the use of the Vodafone NB-IoT infrastructure means having a homogeneous and cutting-edge communication technology for the entire city,
solving possible connectivity problems thanks to an innovative network. In fact, it has already reached an efficiency of 98% in the readings. The deployment is
carried out on an existing mobile network infrastructure, which facilitates the implementation of the project.
The project is pioneer in the efficient management of water using remote reading and NB-IoT technologies for the transmission of hourly consumption data.
The confluence of GoAigua’s experience, which already manages more than 700,000 smart meters, together with the telecommunications company Vodafone,
has turned Gandía into an international reference Smart Water City.
The size of the population has been one of the main challenges, as the project includes the deployment of a park of large smart meters in one of the main
municipalities of the Valencian Community (Spain). In addition, the originality of the project and its dimensions implies a detailed preparation with the
participation of numerous experts, led by both companies and the City Council of Gandía.
The implementation of the project brings improvements for different actors involved in the integral water cycle, having the hourly monitoring of consumption
numerous practical applications. Centralized management from a single platform boosts water yield and makes it possible to offer an excellent service to the
population.
Citizens will be able to detect internal leaks and receive alerts for consumption in empty flats, for example in second homes. Through a mobile application, they
will be able to check their hourly water consumption and receive alarms for incidents. In addition, improvements in management make it possible for water
supply cuts to disappear. All of this benefits a more satisfied citizenship.
In relation to water cycle management, the prediction of demand, the detection of leaks in the distribution network, as well as fraud alerts are undoubtedly
one of the great advances provided by the project. Other advantages of monitoring are the calculation of water balance and the creation of customer segments
based on consumption patterns.
The detection and early resolution of leaks results in a reduction in Non-Revenue Water. This implies a lower economic cost for the City Council of Gandía, the
reduction of problems in the public street derived from losses in the network and a real advance in terms of sustainability.
The implementation of this project also boosts the efficiency of field work thanks to the automatic creation of work orders.
On the other hand, the municipal team obtains precise and centralized information on the infrastructures and their state, being able to assess which elements
of the distribution network should be replaced according to the total budget.
The protection of vulnerable groups is another added value of the project, since the detection of irregular patterns or interruption of consumption in households
with dependent people generates alerts for social services.
Finally, the industry also benefits from this project by being able to monitor its hourly consumption and increase its ability to detect internal leaks. The
implementation of this project implies that Gandía will have available and ready for use a quality NB-IoT network, so that it will be able to integrate any Smart
City project with this technology. Any sector and public that incorporates NB-IoT compatible sensors can benefit from this coverage.
Page 5

Arcadis Gen Launches Two Apps Designed To Help Water
Companies Plan And Make Better Investment Decisions
Arcadis Gen, the digital business from global design and consultancy firm Arcadis, launched two new digital products today designed for the water industry.
The Water Above Ground Optimizer (WAGO) and Water Artificial Intelligence Pipe Predictor (W(AI)PP) are web-based apps built to help water utilities plan and
better use their data to inform investment decisions on water and wastewater pipes and above ground assets.
“Designed specifically for the water industry, these powerful and affordable apps will make a real difference to investment planning,” said Rachel White, CEO of
Arcadis Gen. “We’re focused on helping water companies across the globe deal with increasing pressure to reduce costs and improve operational efficiency.’”
The Water Artificial Intelligence Pipe Predictor (W(AI)PP) uses the power of artificial intelligence and the organization’s own data to make predictions, at the
individual pipe level, with highly visual dashboards and map views. W(AI)PP allows utilities to rapidly predict current and future pipe failure without the need
for a data scientist. It can be used on both water and sewerage pipes and can help water utilities move away from reacting to failures on their pipes to become
more proactive in their decision making.
The Water Above Ground Optimizer (WAGO) allows water utilities to predict and optimize their investment plans in any water or wastewater facility. Powered
by an advanced optimization engine, the app also runs and compares a wide range of “what if” scenarios. These insights, provided by a highly visual dashboard,
allow the user to drill down through the entire asset hierarchy to understand total expenses and risk, down to the individual equipment level.
“No matter what size or shape of water company, you can now use the power of artificial intelligence and advanced analytics to help identify high risk assets to
make the right investment decision.” said Joe Roebuck, Global Water Director of Arcadis Gen.
Arcadis Gen’s vision is to positively disrupt the water sector with innovative digital products that enable organizations to make better investment decisions,
leading to financial and operational success. Through their combination of engineering expertise and digital capability, Arcadis Gen is uniquely positioned to help
water utilities quickly and easily get valuable insights from their data, typically seeing costs efficiencies of 20%.
Smart App For Fast, Efficient Water Infrastructure Service
Launched In The Philippines
Grundfos SmArt Serv app promises prompt support and reduced downtime
for pumps and system repairs
Basic necessities and services must be within everyone’s reach, that is
why the Philippines continues to push for digital transformation amid the
pandemic. The digital shift is also encouraged for companies to stay resilient,
innovative and to respond better to the needs of their customers. As water
and sanitation services are crucial in the Philippines, the public and private
sectors must leverage intelligent digital technologies that can provide
sustainable water supply and improved sanitation for all.
Aligned with the Philippines’ renewed focus on digitalization, Grundfos
Philippines, a global leader in advanced pump solutions and water
technologies, has launched its SmArt Serv mobile app, an innovative way
to help address critical pumping infrastructure in the country. SmArt Serv is
a cloud-based mobile service app that conveniently enables customers to
get prompt and efficient service support for any Grundfos product, reducing
the overall service process and minimizing the downtime on any pump or
system.
“This pandemic has drastically changed how governments and businesses are operating, and one of the sought-after strategies is to digitalize operations of critical
infrastructure. As the Philippines rapidly adopts digital transformation, consumers too are adopting technology to help improve the way their infrastructure
is operated. The SmArt Serv app is the result of listening to our customers and through this app we will provide next-generation user experience, which is
personalized, interconnected, fast and seamless,” said Nicolai Thrane, Regional Service Director, Grundfos Asia Pacific Region.
The SmArt Serv app will provide another option of getting service support besides the traditional phone and email queries. Through the app, the customer can
contact Grundfos or locate the nearest service provider, fill in the details of the complaint or request, attach a picture of the pump or system and raise a service
request.
The app also allows easy tracking of request or complaint status or escalate late response to another service partner, if necessary. The service provider will
provide remote assistance for digital pumps, while a service engineer will be deployed on site to fix the problems for other pumps. To continuously improve
the user-experience, the app also allows customers to provide feedback, leave ratings, and even get a service report and quotation for spare parts; making it a
comprehensive and must-have tool.
“We take pride in building pumps and systems of outstanding quality and we want to complement this with truly-responsive customer service. Customer
satisfaction is important to us at Grundfos and we hope to deliver better services, achieve higher service performance and provide additional support to our
customers through this app,” added Nicolai Thrane.
Page 6

Stanford Researchers Combine Zillow And Census Data To
Determine Residential Water Needs
New Stanford research uses Zillow and census data combined with machine learning to identify residential water consumption based on housing characteristics.
The approach could help cities better understand water use and design water-efficient communities.
The gateway to more informed water use and better urban planning in your city could already be bookmarked on your computer. A new Stanford University
study identifies residential water use and conservation trends by analyzing housing information available from the prominent real estate website Zillow.
The research, published Nov. 18 in Environmental Research Letters, is the first to demonstrate how new real estate data platforms can be used to provide
valuable water use insights for city housing and infrastructure planning, drought management and sustainability.
“Evolving development patterns can hold the key to our success in becoming more water-wise and building long-term water security,” said study senior author
Newsha Ajami, director of urban water policy at Stanford’s Water in the West program. “Creating water-resilient cities under a changing climate is closely tied
to how we can become more efficient in the way we use water as our population grows.”
It’s estimated that up to 68 percent of the world’s population will reside in urban or suburban areas by 2050. While city growth is a consistent trend, the types
of residential dwellings being constructed and neighbourhood configurations are less uniform, leading to varying ways in which people use water inside and
outside their homes. The people living within these communities also have different water use behaviours based on factors such as age, ethnicity, education and
income. However, when planning for infrastructure changes, decision-makers only take population, economic growth and budget into account, resulting in an
incomplete picture of future demand. This, in turn, can lead to infrastructure changes, such as replacing old pipes, developing additional water supply sources
or building wastewater treatment facilities, that fail to meet community needs.
Harvesting The data
Zillow and other real estate websites gather and publish records collected from different county and municipal agencies. These websites can also be updated by
homeowners, making them rich sources of information that can otherwise be difficult and timely to obtain. The Stanford researchers used data from Zillow to
gather single-family home information, including lot size, home value and number of rooms in Redwood City, California, a fast-growing, economically diverse city
with various styles of houses, lots and neighbourhoods. Then, they pulled U.S. Census Bureau demographic information for the city, looking at factors including
average household size and income along with the percentage occupied by renters, non-families, college educated and seniors.
Coupling the Zillow and census data and then applying machine learning methods, the researchers were able to identify five community groupings, or clusters.
They then compared the different group’s billing data from the city’s public works department to identify water usage trends and seasonal patterns from 2007
to 2017 and conservation rates during California’s historic drought from 2014 to 2017.
“With our methods incorporating Zillow data we were able to develop more accurate community groupings beyond simply clustering customers based on
income and other socioeconomic qualities. This more granular view resulted in some unexpected findings and provided better insight into water-efficient
communities,” said lead author Kim Quesnel, a postdoctoral scholar at the Bill Lane Centre for the American West while performing the research.
Comparing Consumption
They found the two lowest income groups scored average on water use despite having a higher number of people living in each household. The middle-income
group had high outdoor water use but ranked low in winter water use, signalling efficient indoor water appliances – such as low-flow, high-efficiency faucets
and toilets – making them an ideal target for outdoor conservation features such as converting green spaces or upgrading to weather-based or smart irrigation
controllers.
The two highest income groups, characterized by highly educated homeowners living in comparatively larger homes, were the most dissimilar. One cluster –
younger residents on smaller lots with newer homes in dense, compact developments – had the lowest water use of the entire city. The other high-income
cluster consisting of older houses built on larger lots with fewer people turned out to be the biggest water consumer. The finding goes against most previous
research linking income and water use, and suggests that changing how communities are built and developed can also change water use patterns, even for the
most affluent customers.
All groups showed high rates of water conservation during drought. Groups with the highest amount of savings (up to 37 percent during peak drought awareness)
were the two thirstiest consumers (the high-income, large-lot and middle-income groups) demonstrating high potential for outdoor water conservation. Groups
with lower normal water usage were also able to cut back, but were more limited in their savings. Understanding these limitations could inform how policymakers
and city planners target customers when implementing water restrictions or offering incentives such as rebates during drought.
This research lays the framework for integrating big data into urban planning, providing more accurate water use expectations for different community
configurations. Further studies could include examining how data from emerging online real estate platforms can be used to develop neighbourhood water
use classifications across city, county or even state lines. An additional area of interest for the researchers is examining how water use consumption is linked to
development patterns in other kinds of residential areas, for example in dense cities.
“Emerging, accessible data sources are giving us a chance to develop a more informed understanding of water use patterns and behaviours,” said Ajami. “If
we rethink the way we build future cities and design infrastructure, we have the opportunity for more equitable and affordable access to water across various
communities.”
Page 7

UKWIR leakage projects underway at Sheffield University’s new
state-of-the-art facility
UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) is working in partnership with the University of Sheffield on two analytical and experimental research projects to reduce
leakage levels. The experimental work is taking place at a new testing facility at the University’s new Integrated Civil and Infrastructure Research Centre (ICAIR).
Both will be carried out by PhD students.
The projects, which are part of the UKWIR Big Question – How do we achieve zero leakage by 2050? – are both looking at how leakage in pipes occurs and
increases. One is focusing on the impact that different environmental factors such as soil type, external loading and water quality have on the deterioration of
cast iron pipes and joints, and how this eventually leads to leakage. The other is investigating pressure transients to identify how these lead to pipe and joint
degradation, and water loss.
A purpose-designed rig will be used, and sections of cast iron pipe will be buried in different types of transparent soil before being subjected to a range of loads
and pressures. This will allow the students to observe and measure the pipe deterioration that occurs and the point at which leakage begins. Pipes at different
stages of degradation will be assessed against a range of simulated in-service conditions. This will help the industry understand how and when pipe degradation
starts to result in leakage so it can target investment in mains renewal using more scientific evidence and allow operational staff to take action to minimise new
leaks occurring on cast iron pipes.
Professor Luca Susmel, Chair in Structural Integrity at the Civil and Structural Engineering department at the University of Sheffield, said:
“Water distribution systems are a vital infrastructure for society, but are comprised of ageing, deteriorating buried assets. Despite large amounts of investment
in the networks by the UK water companies, leakage of treated water from buried pipes remains a major problem for the UK water industry.
“In this challenging scenario, this project will provide, for the first time, an insight into the physical mechanisms by which cast iron pipe networks degrade and
deform, and in particular, how this results in water loss through leakage. This project will be implemented with support from UKWIR, who are the ideal partner
to collaborate with to answer this very complex research question.”
The pressure transient study will also be carried out on buried pipes which will be subjected to repeated pressure waves of low and medium amplitudes. This
will investigate the type of transients that cause pipes to fatigue and degrade and the rate at which this happens so water companies can mitigate against this.
Dr Richard Collins, Senior Lecturer in Water Engineering in the same department, said:
“This project will undertake a novel experimental programme to understand how repeated transient pressure waves cause degradation of pipes and joints in
water distribution systems. By combining high quality experiments in the new ICAIR facility, with analysis of previously collected real world transient data the
project will determine mechanisms through which transients can cause and increase leakage.
“The derived understanding will have a transformative impact on our water systems, enabling water companies to highlight problematic transients, mitigate
them and ultimately drive down leakage.”
Jeremy Heath, UKWIR Programme Lead and Innovation Manager at SES Water commented:
“These projects are an important step on our journey to achieving zero leakage as they will help us to understand why and when leakage starts to occur on
existing pipework. There has been a lot of research done into the causes of water main bursts but much less on leakage and we need to address this so we can
prevent it from happening.
“Using the state-of-the-art facilities at the University of Sheffield means we can simulate real-life conditions and test how pipes respond so we can build the
scientific evidence needed to inform our operational activities and investment decisions.”
The National Laboratory for Distributed Water Infrastructure was recently constructed using £7.8 million of funding provide by UKCRIC. It is within the new ICAIR
facility at Sheffield and will be used in both of the PhD projects.
New i2O mobile app for loggers
i2O Water is pleased to announce the release of the latest version of its Mobile Configurator app. The app enables i2O loggers to be installed using a mobile
phone. The connection to the logger is via a proprietary USB cable which provides a much more reliable connection than wireless connections such as Bluetooth.
The app, which can be used on any Android device, has a new Geolocation feature. Geolocation uses mobile devices’ built-in GPS to accurately report where the
device is located. This ensures that there is an accurate record of the logger’s exact location. There is no need to rely on a technician to remember to write down
the location, get the location correct and exact, and enter it correctly sometime after the installation. The approach i2O has taken is considerably cheaper than
including a GPS chip in each logger and using it very occasionally to report the device’s location.
John Westbrooke, Chief Product Officer at i2O commented: “Our aim is to continue to reduce the lifetime cost of pressure and flow loggers. All technicians have
mobile phones and they are a lot cheaper than ruggedized laptops. Waterproofing has become standard for mobiles and this makes them an appropriate tool
for fieldwork. I was surprised the first time a client called to ask if we knew where their logger was, but once we understood that manual processes for recording
locations cannot always be relied on, particularly when loggers are deployed in a hurry during an incident, we set about providing a cost-effective solution.”
Page 8

Future Water - Water Dragons finalises heat winners for 2020
Future Water Networks 2020 saw the completion of the line-up of the heat winners of Water Dragons from this year at a virtual session held as part of the wider
event which took place on Thursday last week.
Joining the winners from earlier in the year are:
Heat Winner – Electroscan, ‘Machine-Intelligent Multi-Sensor DELTA Pressurised Leak Detection Solution’
Highly Commended – Aqualogic, ‘Virtual domestic water audit’
Winners of previous heats which took place during 2020 were Radio Data Networks with their sewer flow regulator (Heat Winner at Floodex), Rescaype UK Ltd
with their micronised, biodegradable, water-soluble polymer for soil amelioration/conditioning (Audience Winner at Floodex) and Qinov8 with their AQUAPEA®
leak prevention device (Winner at July Innovation Strategy Session)
Commenting on the latest heat of Water Dragons, CEO Paul Horton said;
‘We are always so excited to see what people can come up with to help solve the varied challenges faced by the water sector. Water Dragons echoes the
sentiments of what OFWAT is hoping to achieve with the launch of its innovation fund. Our organisation also champions the use of collaboration within the
sector, such as that displayed by the entrants in last week’s session, who all showed great ideas that could help support the ambition statements set out in the
UK Water Companies Innovation Strategy”.
Chair of judges Alastair Moseley added:
‘Innovation is at the heart of Future Water and the chance to support new technology and creative thinking is what we are about. This year has not only seen
some great ideas through Water Dragons but also across a very diverse range of areas where innovation can make a difference, including leakage reduction,
sewage treatment optimisation, flood risk mitigation and customer engagement.
“This really stands us apart from many other innovation competitions and the final session at Future Water Networks 2020 was no exception. We are looking
forward now to our Final which will be held early in 2021 and which is sure to be an unmissable event.
Now in its thirteenth year, Water Dragons provides a unique opportunity for companies to pitch product, service or process innovations to a panel of senior
water company executives and industry specialists. This year saw heats attract a wide range of entries from across the sector and the introduction of virtual
Water Dragons.
Yorkshire Water wins BCIA Digital Initiative of the Year award
Yorkshire Water’s innovative, industry-leading digital approach to explosion risk assessment has been named as Digital Initiative of the Year at the British
Construction Industry Awards (BCIA).
Judges commended the development and implementation of a digital model, in collaboration with Stantec, fed with geographic and risk data for Yorkshire Water’s
catchment assets in compliance with the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations (DSEAR).
Peter Coker, principal engineer at Yorkshire Water, said:
“Previously, a DSEAR catchment risk study was labour intensive and a region the size of Yorkshire could take decades to fully assess.
“The new approach has allowed us to deliver more than 7,000 catchment assessments across 22,400 miles of sewer, in just 18 months. It is more thorough, and
the process allows us to put more focus on assets with the highest risk.
“The BCIA award is recognition of the hard work of a team of people at Yorkshire Water and our partners Stantec who have delivered an innovative and industry-
leading tool.”
Idrica Will Participate In A Red.Es Project To Adapt 5G Technology
Water technology services company Idrica has been awarded, as part of a joint venture that includes telecom company Orange and six other firms, a Red.es
project that aims to apply 5G technology to the management of the integral water cycle.
Initially, the project will focus on Valencia and includes a use case associated with the management of the water cycle led by IDRICA. In addition to Idrica and
Orange, the companies Vision, Robotnik, CFZ Cobots, Retit, Arborea and Etra are participating in the joint venture. The project has just started to operate, in
October 2020.
“We are proud to be able to give Spain an important boost in the adaptation of 5G technology in such a critical aspect as the integral water cycle,” explained
Chema Nebot, director of Business Development at Idrica.
The project includes the implementation of one of the most relevant contributions that 5G provides: MIoT (Massive Internet of Things), which allows to connect
and manage a large number of devices connected to the network. Idrica is a multinational company in the water technology sector. Headquartered in Valencia,
Spain - and with operations in Europe, the United States, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America - Idrica aims to become a leader in the digital transformation
of the water sector, providing services and technological solutions for the management of the integral water cycle.
The company was born earlier this year with a founding team of 180 experts, and around the GoAigua technology, implemented a decade ago in the century-old
Spanish water company Global Omnium, which has turned the city of Valencia into a world leader in the industry.
Page 9

Nivus release NivuFlow Mobile 550 Self-Sufficient Flow Metering
using Radar
The manufacturer’s NivuFlow Mobile 550 detects the flow rate in water by
using CW-Doppler-Radar. Latest hydraulic models allow for highly accurate
flow measurements within usual channel shapes. Due to sophisticated power
management and rechargeable batteries with high capacities the system is
perfectly suited for long-term measurements as well as for continuous metering
without the appropriate infrastructure. Intuitive operation via smartphone or
other mobile devices in connection with a start-up wizard enable very quick and
easy commissioning of the measurement system.
NivuFlow Mobile is equipped with an integrated LTE modem with worldwide
coverage. The manufacturer’s consistent IoT concept enables operators automatic
datatransmissionincludingoptionsforvisualisationandlogginginconnectionwith
the NIVUS WebPortal. Individual alerting as well as the indication of the remaining
operationtimeindaysarethebasis forpreciselyscheduledmaintenancemeasures
and failure-free measurement operation.
Like the other devices in the NivuFlow Mobile series, the latest device is designed from the ground up for outdoor use. The measurement will not interrupt even
if the transmitter is flooded permanently (IP68). Explosion protection for ATEX Zone 1 is optionally available. A typical application for the NivuFlow Mobile 550
is flow metering in channel networks, in irrigation channels or in tributaries and generally as soon as no measurement system can be installed in the medium.
Badger Meter Expands Smart Water Offerings With Acquisition
of s::can
Badger Meter, Inc. has announced that it has acquired s::can GmbH (“s::can”) and subsidiaries, a privately-held provider of water quality monitoring systems for
a cash purchase price of €27 million.
Founded in 1999 with headquarters in Vienna, Austria, s::can specializes in optical water quality sensing solutions that provide real-time measurement of a
variety of parameters in water and wastewater utilizing in-line monitoring systems. With 2019 revenue of approximately $15 million, s::can’s solutions are
deployed across the globe and meet EPA and other regulatory guidelines. Unlike traditional water quality testing, s::can solutions capture real-time data through
sensors and systems that do not rely on reagents and other consumables resulting in lower capital and operating costs.
s::can was recently awarded the Frost & Sullivan Best Practices Award for Growth, Innovation & Leadership in the Global Smart Online Water Sensor Solutions
Market. Frost & Sullivan recognized s::can as a “pioneer in developing intelligent, accurate, and reliable IoT-enabled sensors” with a “product line which is
cutting-edge and cost-effective.”
“Even during these unprecedented times, we continue to execute on our growth strategies, including pursuing strategic and accretive acquisitions,” said
Kenneth C. Bockhorst, Chairman, President and CEO of Badger Meter. “Water quality is a growing concern across the globe. We believe adding s::can and their
expertise in real-time water quality monitoring to the trusted Badger Meter portfolio is of tremendous strategic value to our customers. Just as water utility
billing moved from manual reads to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), water quality monitoring is moving from lab sample testing to online, real-time
collection, monitoring and reporting. I look forward to working with the combined Badger Meter and s::can teams to leverage our collective expertise and
deliver outstanding benefits to our customers globally.”
The addition of real-time water quality parameters to Badger Meter’s core flow measurement, pressure and temperature sensing capabilities, enhances the
scope of actionable data for municipalities to improve operational security, awareness and efficiency. In addition, the combined offering can provide industrial
customers with both process and discharge water quality monitoring capabilities.
Bockhorstconcluded,“Ourambitionisforthisacquisitiontobethefirstofseveralasweexpandoursmartwaterfocusbybringingtogetheradvancedtechnologies
in instrumentation, while leveraging our industry-leading AMI solution consisting of our ORION® Cellular endpoint along with current and future software
technologies, to provide actionable, real-time data that benefits our customers, end consumers and the planet.”
Page 10

Article:
The promise of
data analytics
Municipalities across the United States are under constant pressure to do more with fewer resources and to meet rigorous safety regulations. At the same
time, they are tasked with rebuilding aging infrastructure and modernizing facilities, often while facing funding gaps. The statistics are daunting: Drinking water
utilities in the U.S. need $472.6 billion in infrastructure investments over 20 years, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) latest national
assessment of public water system infrastructure.
In other areas of the world, growth and development places greater demands on the water services in major population centres and new facilities are being
built to keep up with the population surge. In such a demanding environment, the ability to manage water treatment processes and systems efficiently and
expertly will play an important role in meeting the needs of communities and populations around the world. And this is the very environment where the
powerful technologies of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can be leveraged to deliver meaningful and measurable benefits that address the multiple
pressures the industry is facing.
We’ve already seen the promise of digital transformation, powered by automation, payoff across multiple industries, from power and chemical to life sciences
and oil and gas. The payoff can come in many forms — reduced costs, improved efficiency of processes and personnel, and greater reliability and safety due to
the ability to predict and detect issues before they lead to damage or unplanned downtime, among others.
But, given the unique challenges municipalities face, coupled with a cost-sensitive procurement model, is digital transformation realistic? Absolutely. First and
foremost, it’s important to remember that digital transformation is a journey — not a destination. And, as such, it is inherently scalable — there is no need
to feel the pressure to “go big or go home.” It is a continuum that enables organizations to start small and gain valuable experience that allows people in the
organization to adopt, accept and have confidence in these new technologies. And this is a critical aspect that is often lost when discussing digital transformation.
The investment in the technology should be viewed as an investment in people, enabling them to add more value and creating a better, more engaging work
environment. Of course, industries in general, and individual organizations in particular, vary greatly in their readiness to embrace the shift. Some are advanced
in their operating philosophies and are pushing the limits of how to drive their digital transformation. Others have been more historically cautious but are
stepping up to incorporate new sensor technology into their controls, adopt highly secure digital pathways, and embrace data mobility and analytics software
to improve the reliability of equipment and overall process performance.
Unlike other industries, which can halt operations in an emergency, municipalities have an obligation to treat water 24/7, regardless of what is happening in
the world; even a global pandemic. Indeed, COVID-19 has accelerated the need to respond to some difficult questions: How can an organization operate and
maintain facilities when faced with reduced staffing and limited access?
The good news is that the technology exists to help solve these problems. The not-so-good-news is that until recently, it may have been difficult to make the
investments due to the cost pressures the industry faces. A prime example is instrumentation. Prior to the pandemic, a plant could monitor and control assets
with minimal instrumentation integrated into the plant automation platform because personnel could monitor them during rounds. But, for plants forced to
operate with a skeleton crew, someone may not be available to read a gauge or open an isolation valve. Additional instrumentation for monitoring asset and
process health can provide a longer response window should an unforeseen interruption of service or staffing levels occur. While the pandemic may be a once-
in-a-lifetime event, brain drain is an ongoing industry challenge, as roughly 1 in 4 plant employees is eligible to retire in the next five years. When they leave,
decades of experience may walk out the door with them.
Many experienced operators and technicians can look closely at process conditions and use their decades of experience to see trends and patterns that reveal
health and performance issues essential to operation — a skill that takes decades for new employees to learn. It’s true that analytics offers a major opportunity
to transform operations, but for this to occur a few things need to fall into place. For instance, some municipalities have gone down the path to interrogate
their historical data to find patterns, but have found that some of the data is not usable or available for a variety of reasons:
• Cost pressures may have caused municipalities to make choices in their instrumentation investments, investing in instrumentation that is
required to control a process, but not additional instrumentation that can monitor the health of an asset.
• In the instances where instrumentation was installed, it might not have been given the priority on the maintenance schedule to ensure
the instrumentation was validated and accurate. This is primarily a result of a challenging workload municipalities have — they need to
prioritize time and budgets to keep the plant running.
• Historical data is often not configured properly. Deadbands are put in place to minimize hard drive space, but often they are set too wide.
When this happens, there is no granularity in process changes.
And of course, we know that generating vast amounts of data without the ability to interpret it can not only be overwhelming, but also counterproductive.
Fortunately, new tools are emerging to help plant personnel make sense of the vast amounts of critical data they collect. These smart tools and algorithms can
monitor equipment and process efficiency and health, and advanced pattern recognition (APR) can be used to predict failures, provided there is reliable field
data.
Using a common automation platform with embedded simulation makes it possible to build bridges between silos of data by bringing data from disparate
systems together. This capability helps users establish patterns and identify critical data points and deviations in process values that are often imperceptible to
a person poring over data sheets. Operators can use these tools to help bring context to their data and turn data points into actionable information to increase
performance and operational reliability.
One upcoming tool will be able to develop a predictive model of equipment that plant personnel can compare to live data to thoroughly evaluate how plant
assets are running. One way to understand the enhanced value this brings is by analyzing and classifying equipment performance during various operational
scenarios to determine what is “normal.”
Page 11

Those in the water and wastewater treatment industries certainly understand that pumps play a critical role in the energy/water nexus. Since they are a large
expenditure and consume a lot of electricity, it’s natural to gravitate toward these assets to realize additional benefits. Of course, monitoring pump performance
is not new, as municipalities have been doing it in some capacity for some time. Understanding the efficiency, costs to run the equipment and tracking degraded
performance is all good information to make business decisions. Unfortunately, that information rarely gets back into the hands of the operators for them to
understand the impact their actions have on the bottom line. This can usually be attributed to two reasons: this information was either calculated offline by a
group that had little interaction with the operations team, or the municipality has this information, but it is a part of a separate software package not integrated
with the plant control system.
Given today’s environment of reduced staffing and the need to keep costs in check, it’s more important than ever to have an early warning system to identify
process or equipment issues before they turn into bigger problems and empowering operators to be proactive instead of reactive.
Again, the fundamental question about equipment and processes is, what is normal? For instance, how do you know that influent pumps are running with no
issues? Perhaps that is the assumption because there are no alarms. A better way to determine “normal” operation would be to compare how the pump is
operating today to how it has been behaving in similar conditions yesterday, last week, last month, etc. If there is little change in the operating parameters, it’s
a likely indication there are no issues. But what about tomorrow? And the day, week or month after that? APR provides the necessary context to arm operators
with actionable information related to future performance.
This is important for equipment as well as processes like backwashing or chemical treatment. Without a doubt, the pandemic has accelerated the adoption
of IIoT in numerous industries. The evolution in analytics technology, specifically, holds the promise of delivering smart data that empowers personnel and
improves operation. Faced with the need to meet regulatory, cost and safety pressures — with the added layer of today’s unique uncertainties — there has
never been a better time for the water and wastewater industries to dip their toes into the digital transformation waters.
About the Author
Peter Gabor is an experience business development manager in Emerson Process Management Water Automation Solutions. He has
a demonstrated history of working in the industrial automation industry. Skilled in Control Systems Design, Industrial Control, EPC,
Electrical Engineering, and Power Generation. Strong business development professional with a BSEE, BSCpE focused in Computer
Engineering from WVU.
Emerson Process Management concentrates on the most complex, profound challenges facing the world in the process, industrial,
commercial and residential markets. Our global talent, best-in-class technologies and core platforms deliver value across a range of
industries and sectors.
Lack Of Understanding Sees Too Many Valve Failures – Says Leading
Network Designer
A lack of application understanding and an increase in off-the-shelf selling means that too many valves are still not being correctly specified – according to a leading
designer of future-proof smart advanced networks.
Frustrated that valves remain largely off the list of ‘critical equipment’, Craig Stanners of Designed Network Solutions (DNS) claims that there are a growing number
of irritated end-users who find it difficult to create a problem-solving dialogue with their suppliers.
“If for example” says Stanners, “you have a recurring problem with a faulty valve, many suppliers will gladly provide you with a replacement. It’s good business;
you’re a returning customer! But if that valve has failed in 5 years of less, when it should have comfortably served a 25 to 30-year lifetime, something is wrong and
questions need to be asked. Even when supposedly installing the best valve, the most expensive valve, you are always likely to run into problems unless there is a
complete understanding of the network requirements”.
He added: “DNS is, admittedly, much more than a valve supplier, but if I get a call asking for an 80mm Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV), I’ll want to know what type
of application it is for - drinking water, wastewater, hot/cold? What exactly are the flow rates, pressure? Where and what is the source of the supply? What are the
pipe diameter sizes? - and much, much more. At the moment, whether it be the water industry or network supply in manufacturing, processing or the management
of buildings, not enough questions are asked”.
He continued: “A huge number of procurement teams across all industries do not know what they are buying, other than it is the cheapest, so, it is all the more
important to fully understand what your supplier can offer and get their confidence. Together you can then create a control philosophy and learn how to adapt and
protect assets so that you get reliability over that 30-year time-frame and not just a failure after five.
Stanners says that fair prices are paid for what are recognised products, but what the customer wants – a solution – is something that some valve suppliers either
cannot or will not provide. He also states that the void in expertise is partly due to the very set methods of classroom teaching that award students ‘qualifications’
after a very short space of time and with no practical hands on knowledge.
“Today’s so-called ‘training’ leaves a lot to be desired”, believes Stanners. “Of course, software has its role to play - and yes, we all look to Google and YouTube for
information, but working on the tools, getting your hands dirty and picking up practical tricks of the trade that allow you to think outside the classroom box will
always give you the edge over those glued to their desks and their pcs. An improved understanding of networks will often show pumps having to work harder and
harder, pushing unwanted air into the system and using up energy that significantly increases one’s carbon footprint, which also increase leakage and burst events.
With the right knowledge, this can be addressed. So, ask much more of your valve supplier – and demand long-term solutions – not just another off-the-shelf
product”.
Page 12

Article:
Water Scarcity Crisis
What Crisis?
We’re living in an increasingly water stressed world where the availability of supplies for future generations relies on the measures we take to manage supplies
more sustainably today. In this article, Alan Hunt of ABB Measurement & Analytic explains his ‘holy trinity of water sustainability’ as one way to make this happen.
Seeing the Earth from space for the first time, it would be hard to imagine that a planet that is 71 per cent covered in water could ever be experiencing a looming
water crisis. Yet, with just 3 per cent of that water being freshwater, and only 0.3 per cent of that being readily available to meet the wide -ranging needs of
an expanding population, currently standing at seven billion, that is exactly the case. Each year, around four trillion cubic metres of water are used to satisfy
the demand for everything from drinking and bathing, through to agriculture, industrial production and electricity generation. While many of us have yet to
experience the impact of prolonged water shortages, unless action is taken to manage water supplies more sustainably, it will only be a matter of time until we do.
Every year the World Economic Forum publishes a global risks report, categorising the various threats facing humanity. Tellingly, water sustainability has remained
a top five risk in the report since 2012.1 Whilst these are predictions, the projections are based on reliable information such as expected population growth trends
and global temperature rise trends, as well as known events such as extreme weather events and natural disasters. This year many will be asking if infectious
disease featured in the list of global risks predicted. Infectious disease does feature. However, the societal impact of a pandemic was deemed less severe than
that of water scarcity. In other words, if we do not act on the early warning signs we currently have that our water supply may run out, we can expect to amplify
the disruption we have experienced this year when the water stops coming out of the taps. The impact felt is likely to be both profound and immediate.
In meeting the demands of a growing population, we must seek new ways to protect the world’s water supply so that the existing freshwater stock is sufficient to
go around. While there is a tendency to see the supply of water as an ‘us’ and ‘them’ stand-off situation between the consumer and the water companies, when
it comes to the question of sustainability the responsibility is a collective one. In particular, there are three interconnected challenges that need to be resolved to
attain the long-term goal of water sustainability: a ‘holy trinity’ of challenges. These challenges can be defined as: reducing the millions of litres of treated water
lost through leakage, increasing the standard of wastewater returned to waterways and, perhaps most importantly, educating domestic and industrial consumers
to change their attitudes and behaviour and waste less water.
Cutting leaks in a water stressed world
Across the globe it is estimated that an incredible 46 billion litres of water are lost daily. To put that in context, imagine 18,400 Olympic pools - if laid end to encl,
these would stretch for 571 miles, almost twice the width of the UK, which itself loses an estimated three million litres of water through leakage each day.2 In both
cases, the scale of the loss is made even more pronounced when you consider that every litre lost has been subjected to the same exacting standards of quality
control that a craft ale typically also enjoys.
In mitigation, a totally leak-free distribution network is neither practical nor economically viable. The UK’s pipe network alone is almost long enough to make it
the 240,000 miles to the moon. While extensive work has been done in recent years to bring pipelines up to date, there is still a significant percentage that date
back to the Victorian era.
While leakage is an ongoing problem, it tends to only really generate interest during extreme weather events. In 2018, for example, the “Beast from the
East” caused temperatures to plummet resulting in a surge of sudden leaks that led to over 200,000 homes losing their water supplies. At the opposite end
of the spectrum, the recent spate of record summer temperatures earlier this year saw water tankers being used to supply customers in Suffolk and Essex as
demand for water exceeded available supplies.4 While this was not directly attributable to leakage, it does highlight the increasingly urgent need for water
supplies to be managed more sustainably if future shortages are to be avoided.
The responsibility of managing the challenges of extreme weather are borne by the water companies themselves, but in some cases the situation can be
compounded by the state of maintenance and repair of the infrastructure surrounding underground water pipes. A pothole which meets the wheel of a heavy
goods vehicle or bus every half-an-hour is going to cause an impact force to be distributed through the ground where the water network pipes are buried. If left
unresolved, it is just a matter of time before leaks will occur.
Managing and reducing leakage through metering
One of the most effective methods for measuring leakage is the District Metering Area (DMA) concept. Enabling the comparison of water flows into and out of
a defined zone, DMAs have proven to be highly effective in helping to identify the extent of leakage in specific areas, enabling water companies to prioritise their
efforts. Originally introduced in the UK in the 1980s, DMAs have become the most cost-effective strategy for leakage management and are now widely practiced.
How DMAs work
Several district meter areas (DMAs_ of 500=3000 properties are setup. There have permanently closed boundary valves and the flow into them is monitored.
By comparing accurate measurements of the water leaving the treatment plant and entering the distribution network with the quantity of water flowing out of
district metering areas, water companies can determine the scale of leakage.
To further narrow down the location and extent of any leaks, many DMAs now also have small leak location areas, of around 500-1,000 connections, which are
also monitored. Here, boundary valves remain open except during a leak location exercise. The lowest step in the chain is the reading of individual consumer
meters, both domestic and commercial. The technology available to determine water flow as it enters the distribution network and as it leaves district metering
areas has increased to such an extent that it can detect an individual household flushing a toilet.
Page 13

Determining the location of leaks
Once the scale is established there are several methods for determining the location of leaks. These include acoustic loggers, satellite imagery and using leakage
dogs. If the aim is to reduce leakage but not fix it, the pressure in the network can be adjusted to a “Goldilocks Zone” which will deliver water to the tap but
significantly reduce the volume of existing leaks.
Acoustic loggers use accelerometer technology to detect vibrations and ‘listen’ for water leaving pipework. Accelerometer technology is
used in laptops to detect if they are falling so that the hard drive is switched off prior to the impact in order to try and save data; they are
also used in smartphones to help them orientate, and in cars to detect deceleration caused by a collision so that airbags are deployed. The
vibrations of the leak are detected by the accelerometer and a distance down the pipe can be calculated using the speed the sound travels
through the pipe. Acoustic loggers at either end of a length of pipe are often used to check distances.
Sniffer dogs are used more often in rural areas than urban areas to sniff out the smell of chlorine in the leaking water.
Satellite imaging technology was originally deployed to seek out water on other planets. Today it is usefully implemented to seek out leak-
ing water here on Earth.
An ongoing quest
While all this technolo9y is proving effective in identifying leakage, levels in the UK -which is one of the world’s better performers when it comes
to tackling leakage - remain at around 23 per cent of the total water put into the public supply network. For UK water companies, the task now
is to keep up the concerted effort and investments that have seen national leakage levels fall by a third since 1994, with the motivation that no profitable
company ultimately wants to be throwing product away unnecessarily.
Reducing the pollution discharged to our waterways
With every available drop of fresh water already present on the Earth, ensuring a continued plentiful supply relies on water supplies being treated and cleaned
as thoroughly as possible to make it fit for repeated consumption.
Reducing the pollution of raw water sources will reduce the impact to the natural environment of drawing drinking water from those reserves. The water sources
available to us in the UK include uplands, lowland sources, and groundwater sources. All have different baselines of impurities.
River pollution sources include agriculture, sewage from wastewater treatment plants and industrial waste. The pollution of
these water sources can be caused by discharge from effluent plants, ammonia and phosphate from slurry discharges or nitrates and phosphates from arable
farming due to fertilisers.
At a domestic level, what goes down the plug or toilet can also have implications. The pollution of sewers with fats, oils and grease (FOG) from domestic kitchens
and eateries is the root cause of the enormous fatbergs that can build up and block sewers. The vast majority of wet wipes do not degrade and can get caught
up with fats, oils and grease in the sewerage system or become entangled in the inlet screen at wastewater treatment plants. [Note from editor: the only wet
wipes that are flushable and will degrade are those that have achieved ‘Fine to Flush’ certification - see the lead article in our spring 2019 newsletter.] Sewer
pollution can cause blockages which cause flooding of the sewer system, allowing untreated sewage back into the water system.
Before wastewater can be discharged back to waterways it must first be cleaned. Ultimately the more polluted the source, the more treatment is required.
Ensuring that treated water is safe for discharge to the environment therefore requires accurate and extensive measurement of key parameters including pH,
turbidity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate and nitrates.
Water and wastewater treatment processes are all incredibly energy intensive. Scottish Water is the biggest user of electricity in Scotland.6 Reducing pollution
in waterways and cutting leakage will reduce the energy burden of delivering clean water.
Water Sustainability is in our hands
Cuttingleakageorreducingpollutiondischargedtothewaterwaysislargelydowntothewatercompaniesandregulatorybodies.However,reducingourownwater
use is going to be essential to ensuring there is plenty to go around. Current social attitudes do not reflect the true value of water and its contribution to a civilised
society. Despite the damp climate, London is a top 10 city for water scarcity. In 2018 Cape Town narrowly avoided becoming the first major city to run out of water,
with the prospect of a Day Zero doomsday scenario where taps ran completely dry - ultimately averted through extensive water conservation measures that at
one point saw residents being rationed to 13 gallons of water per day, the minimum daily consumption level recommended by the United Nations.
The following year, at a Waterwise conference in London, Sir James Bevan, Chief Executive of the Environment Agency, gave a speech about
England meeting the ‘Jaws of Death’ within 25 years. The ‘Jaws of Death’ to which he referred were the intersection of supply and demand where
UK water companies are no longer able to meet our water demands. While this dramatic turn of phrase did make it on to the front page of several
newspapers, it has arguably done little to change entrenched attitudes towards water in the general population, which continues to use water
in increasingly unsustainable quantities. As proof of this, the water shortages in Essex and Suffolk mentioned
earlier in this article were caused by daily demand for water in the area rocketing to 94 million litres caused by
a combination of the warmer weather and spending more time at home due to the COVID-19 lockdown.
The average person in the UK uses 140 litres of water a day, which can be broken down roughly as 56 litres for showering and bathing, 31 litres for flushing toilets,
and the rest on cooking, washing, or watering the garden.10 In a true example of the law of unintended consequences, the current edict to wash our hands to
Page 14

help prevent the spread of the coronavirus is also not helping -consider how long a tap is left running in the time it takes to sing ‘Happy Birthday’ twice.
The challenge is to educate people to use and reuse this water more wisely. Many small changes to the way we use water can reduce our overall consumption,
from taking quicker showers through to using bath water to water plants, or restricting practices such as watering the lawn or washing the car.
There is enough to go round
Whilst the focus here has been on the UK, there is no denying this is a global issue. The three tenets of the ‘holy trinity of water sustainability’ described here
are closely intertwined and improvements in each will amplify the result.
Securing improvements in each area, especially when it comes to getting consumers to change their behaviour, is very much a case of being seen to lead by
example. As water utilities are seen to be combating leakage, water consumers are more inclined to reduce their own water consumption. As pollution of our
waterways is reduced, the challenge and cost of treating raw water is reduced, freeing up resources for tackling leakage. What water requires at this juncture
is an uptake in collective responsibility similar to that achieved by the Blue Planet documentary on plastic bag pollution of the oceans. Maybe the time is now
right for the issue of water scarcity to have its own ‘Attenborough moment’?
About the Author
Alan Hunt is the product manager for Electro-Magnetic Flow meters at ABB, the leading global automation & instrumentation
company. Alan is a well-known global expert in flow measurement and has been the chief technical lead in designing a number of
instrumentation platforms.
Alan regularly discusses how instrumentation can be used to address some of the world’s issues especially leakage and he is a
regularly contributor the Global Leakage Summit which will take place virtually in December 2020
Xylem Brand Sensus Wins Anglian Water Award For Going ‘Above
and Beyond’
Sensus, a part of Xylem - a world leading water technology company, has been recognized in the prestigious Anglian Water Supplier Awards. Sensus, a Xylem
Brand, in partnership with Arqiva, the U.K.’s leading communications infrastructure and media services provider, was presented with the “performing in
exceptional times” award for the delivery in 2020 of a smart water metering network for one of the UK’s largest water providers.
In the height of the Covid challenges in June 2020, Sensus’ two-way FlexNet communication solution and smart metrology was delivered to Anglian Water by
Arqiva across its dedicated private network. This Smart Water Meter Programme will help tackle projected water shortages in the East of England, enabling
Anglian to meet Ofwat’s increased water leakage targets for the next Asset Management Plan (AMP) seven-year period, as well as meeting the company’s
consumption reduction targets.
Through upgraded water meters they can help customers understand and make smarter decisions around their water usage, as well as assisting the utility to
pinpoint property-side leaks, which can lose hundreds of litres of water a day.
The value delivered by both parties, and recognised through the Award, was the upfront commitment to meet Anglian’s timescales as an imperative. In the early
stages of the procurement process, Sensus and Arqiva invested significant resources at their own risk to be able to present a credible plan and to also commence
work immediately. With the build of eight ‘quick start’ network sites, designed to provide coverage to 100,000 meters in the target areas, and the launch of
the IT infrastructure build, communications Head-End system and Service Model developments, they could ensure that the meter data flowed successfully to
Anglian IT systems from Day 1.
Sensus also committed to the manufacture of 20,000 meters and end-points, configured specifically for Anglian. The units were ready in the warehouse well in
advance of the contract award in anticipation of receiving purchase orders when released. They also ensured that the appropriate installer tools were available
in the required volumes ready to go. This ensured the delivery of a functioning network with meters and communications end-points in sufficient volumes to
meet the challenging deployment objectives.
Vince Kerr, General Manager at Sensus, a Xylem Brand comments, “Xylem is known for its premium products and solutions but recognition for commitment
‘above and beyond’ is a real accolade in these exceptional times. We took a risk, in a time of risk, with confidence and commitment to deliver, to meet Anglian’s
ambitious programme timescales and deployment objectives. The Xylem smart utility network will allow Anglian to secure its water supply, achieve sustainability
goals and secure resiliency for the future.’
John Lillistone, Director of Utilities at Arqiva, comments, “Our heritage in managed networks and combining our expertise with Sensus in delivering smart meter
networks has proven a successful outcome for all parties and we are delighted with this acknowledgment. We have swiftly installed and commissioned all eight
of our planned quick start radio sites. The current network coverage means Arqiva’s network instantly communicates with 100% of the installed Sensus meters,
transmitting hourly data back to Anglian.”
Doug Spencer, IMDS Head of Smart Metering at Anglian Water, said: “Sensus and Arqiva went above and beyond, absorbing risk to deliver a solution that met
our demand of guaranteed coverage, network security and frequency of data from day one, ensuring sufficient volumes to meet deployment objectives. Such a
performance in exceptional times warrants recognition.”
As a consequence of this pre-contract readiness commitment and less than three months on in the programme, over 35,000 meters have been installed in target
areas under the network and the programme has ramped up to an impressive install rate of 700 meters per day.
Page 15

Over the past few decades, the “digital revolution” has enabled manufacturers and utilities to equip their plants with distributed and supervisory control
systems. Whether its industrial membranes or biological reactors, these control systems lie at the heart of heavy industry automation and enable companies to
read, interpret, and use their own machine-generated data to achieve production and compliance targets. Yet despite their universality, these control systems
are only recently starting to garner attention as potential candidates for disruption by artificial intelligence (AI). Using AI for process control, can significantly
streamline data processing and empower operators with enhanced decision-support.
Today, operators in the control rooms of large plants are expected to rely heavily on their own judgement and experience. While concurrently monitoring dozens
of process signals, they are expected to adjust control system settings, troubleshoot alarms, perform quality tests - thereby straining the limits of their human
capacity. The good news is that these plants are continuously capturing and storing vast amounts of data that can be readily consumed by an AI system.
In this article series, we’ll dive deep into (1) what these industrial process control systems look like today, (2) how AI can augment them using existing plant data,
and (3) what manufacturers and utilities can do today to unlock significant cost saving and process compliance opportunities.
Classifying Control Systems
Let’s start with some simple nomenclature. Processes (i.e. reactors,
filters) are controlled by controllers that consume measurements
from sensors (i.e. flowmeters, analyzers) that monitor critical process
states (i.e. flowrates, temperature, pressure) in real-time, as shown
in Figure 1. These controllers use these measurements to produce
control actions (i.e. open/close valves, turn pumps on/off) in real-
time.
A controller can be classified as either reactive or predictive based on
themechanismofhowtheyconsumethesesensormeasurementsand
generate control actions. Control actions in a reactive control system
are based only on current or past states, i.e. current or recent sensor
measurements of the process. Conversely, predictive controllers use
predictions of the future state of the process to generate control
actions, often employing some form of mathematical optimization
and simulation model of the system.
Some examples of reactive controllers include variants of Proportional
controllers, such as Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional
Integral Derivative (PID); whereas Model Predictive Control (MPC) is
an example of predictive control strategies.
The hallmark of reactive control: Proportional-Integral Derivative (PID) Control
The most common reactive control (also known as feedback
control) strategy applied in industrial and utility processes is the
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. In a PID controller,
the control action is a function of the measured state’s deviation,
commonly referred to as “error”, from a desired setpoint (i.e.
target), as shown in Figure 2. This target setpoint is typically
specified by the human operator in order to achieve some
production or compliance goal.
Each letter in the PID acronym denotes a “corrective mode” used
by the controller to compute how the control action will respond
to the deviation of the current state from its target, as shown in
Figure 4. “Proportional” correction implies that the control action
is computed as the immediate or linear response to the error,
whereas “Integral” correction implies that the control action is
computed as a function of the cumulative error of the state over
a period of time. It is referred to as “Integral” control because
the cumulative error over time is calculated using integration. Lastly, “Derivative” correction uses the rate of change of the states’ error, as measured by its
derivative. As such, any reactive controller can be any combination of these calculations (PI, PID or P).
As shown in Figure 3, each corrective response is scaled by constants such as KP and KI, known as gain coefficients. These are parameters that are typically tuned
by automation or control engineers. The controller gain can be adjusted to make the controller output changes as sensitive as desired to deviations between the
setpoint and state variable; and the sign of coefficients can be chosen to make the controller output increase or decrease as the error signal increases.
Incorporating the derivative and integrative corrective modes as part of the controller depends on the type of process that is being controlled. The integrative
correction ensures that long-term sustained deviations or error drifts do not occur, meanwhile the derivative correction ensures that the controller responds
quickly to error changes, ensuring the controller doesn’t overshoot (overcompensate) in its response.
Article:
AI for Process Control
Figure 1: Anatomy of an archetypal industrial control system
Figure 2:How reactive controllers work
Page 16

While reactive control strategies are very simple to formulate and deploy,
its Achilles heal may have already become apparent. The control response
is continuously reacting to the current state of the system and has no
foresight of its future dynamics. This means the controller is vulnerable
to continuously evolving system behaviour or anomalies. For industrial
plants that are under highly competitive manufacturing environments, or
utility systems that are stressed by climate change, constantly changing
dynamics may be an everyday reality. For instance, if a large nutrient load
hits a bioreactor, the system would expend significant energy to drive
the dissolved oxygen back to the desired operating range. Alternatively,
a pump may transition its status between online and offline many times
within a given control horizon, to ensure that a downstream tank is within
its operating range, thus leading to potential faults from undesirable
pressure transients.
Model Predictive Control
The disadvantages listed above is precisely why Model Predictive Control (MPC) exists. MPC is a method designed for the proactive control of complex, non-
linear processes. While reactive-based control strategies, such as PID control, base their control actions on historical and current system states, as recorded by
sensors, MPC uses predictions of future states. As such, an MPC controller requires an accurate simulation model of the process in order to generate reliable
predictions. As shown in Figure 5, there are a few additional components that constitute an MPC that did not exist in a conventional reactive controller. These
include:
1. Simulation model: a mathematical representation of the process dynamics, i.e. it can predict what the future state of a process will be
based on various control action sequences
2. Optimizer: a mathematical solver that can iteratively determine the “optimal” control action based on outputs from the simulation
model
3. Constraints: specifies the boundary of acceptable future states that the optimizer cannot exceed, e. a compliance limit on ammonia
discharge concentrations
4. Objectives: the optimization goal the operator seeks to achieve, e. reducing energy costs
Predictive Control operates by performing dynamic, real-time
optimization to generate control actions that are adaptive to
disturbances and compliant with user-specified constraints. MPC allows
operators to run their processes more efficiently by operating much
closer to constraints than would be possible with conventional reactive
controllers.
The block diagram in Figure 4 provides a conceptual overview of the
MPC framework. While the MPC structure is more complex than a
conventional reactive controller, it offers several important advantages:
1. Control actions are optimized to achieve a desired outcome,
such as reducing energy costs or improving reaction efficiency
2. The controller is less sensitive to upsets from disturbances
since it can anticipate them and respond faster
3. Constraints on states and controls can be imposed on the
controller to ensure compliant control actions are generated
4. Accurate model predictions can provide early warnings of potential problems
5. The process model captures the dynamic interactions between control, state and disturbance variables
Receding Horizon
To understand how all these components fit together, we need to review the concept of a “receding horizon”. The MPC controller starts at present time, denoted
as “k” in Figure 2. At this point, the controller has an idea of what the desired target is, denoted as the “reference trajectory” in Figure 2. However, the controller
needs to know what control actions to take in future steps, “k+1” to “k + p”, to get there.
1. As a first step, the controller samples the current measured output at present time “k”
2. In order to determine what future control actions are required, the MPC controller runs an optimization algorithm over the prediction
horizon (p), from “k+1” to “k + p”.
• It performs an on-the-fly calculation to determine the impact of a control action at any timestep, let’s say “k+1”, on the predicted
output of “k+1” and then measures the distance of the predicted output from the reference trajectory.
• The optimization goal will be to minimize the distance and time it takes for the predicted output to match up with the reference
Figure 4:Block diagram of an MPC Controller
Page 17
Figure 3:Block diagram of Proportional Integral Derivative Controller

trajectory over the prediction horizon.
3. Only the first step of the control action sequence, “k+1”, is implemented.
4. Once we move forward in time and are now at “k+1”, the current measured output is sampled again and the calculations are repeated
starting from the new current state, yielding a new control and new predicted state path. The prediction horizon keeps being shifted
forward and for this reason MPC is also called receding horizon control.
Model Predictive Control: The Simulation Model
The simulation model is perhaps the single most important component of an
MPC controller. It also happens to be the most challenging aspect since most
real industrial systems are often complex, highly non-linear and often under
observed (lack sensor coverage). The process of discovering a simulation
model for a system is known as model identification.
AsshowninFigure5,thefirststepinidentifyingamodelinvolveswranglingdata
into a useable format. Industrial data often has many challenges that require
correction including but not limited to signal noise, sensor communication
failures (i.e. flat-lining or gaps) and sensor drift.
Apart from the data cleanliness issues described above, data collected from an industrial process is often too limited to build a robust model. This limitation may
occur if the data has significant gaps or if the facility operations were largely static, i.e. control inputs were not changed frequently.
The consequence of this is illustrated in Figure 6. The distribution shown
on the left panel (a), illustrates a control input variable that has frequent
observations between a wide data range. In contrast, the distribution on
the right panel (b) has observations tightly coupled around a single value.
In the case of panel (b), further manipulation is required to generate a
wider distribution of data. This is because we need a simulation model that
is responsive to a diverse range of control input changes. One strategy to
deal with this limitation is step testing. Step testing involves manipulating
control inputs in the real process and studying how the system responds
on order to generate new data to build a model.
Once there is enough data to build a model, various modelling strategies
can be pursued. These include:
•
• Physics-driven models: described by ordinary differential equations, only design parameters and rate coefficients need to be calibrated
based on data.
• Grey-box/hybrid models: empirical models whereby the structure and selection of inputs are crafted based on domain knowledge, but the
model parameters are fit based on available data.
• Empirical models: data-driven statistical models whereby both the model structure and parameters are determined based on the available
data
Generally, most non-linear industrial systems can be described by the general equation below, whereby ‘f’ represents the non-linear mathematical model of an
arbitrary system and is a function of its state variables (Y), control variables (U) and disturbance variables (W).
Model Predictive Control: The Objective Function & Optimizer
As mentioned earlier, the objective function is a mathematical description of the optimization goal that the operator seeks to achieve, i.e. reducing deviations
from a target product quality. The squared error formulation is the most common form of an objective function that is used in industry.
The equation penalizes deviation of a current measured value (ymeas) from a desired target value (ytarget), by squaring the deviation (thereby amplifying the
Figure 5:Model Identification Process
Figure 6: (a) Idealized distribution (le�), versus (b) poorly distributed
data (right) for model fitting.
Page 18

absolute magnitude of it). The optimizer must then aim to reduce the squared deviation to zero.
If an objective can be decoded into the general equation form above, virtually any constraint can be added to the MPC objective function. Multiple constraints
can be jointly balanced by introducing weights, “wi”, in order to enable prioritization, whereby larger weights signify greater prioritization.
The last piece of the puzzle is the optimizer. The optimizer is an iterative algorithm that is designed to minimize the objective function using the outputs from
the simulation model. Noting that the form of the objective function is quadratic, a quadratic optimization routine can be used.
About the Author
Thouheed Gafoor is the Vice President of Artificial Intelligence at Innovyze. He is a tech entrepreneur that’s passionate about using
AI for social good. That’s what led to me Emagin.ai (acquired by Innovyze), an AI company I co-founded and successfully scaled in the
industrial IoT and software sector. By trade, I’m an ML specialist and have spent 5+ years developing, commercializing and deploying AI/
ML solutions for legacy industries (heavy industry and manufacturing). Over my career, I’ve patented novel AI frameworks, raised capital
from global VCs, and sold to Fortune 500 companies ranging from public and private utilities (water, sewer, power) to manufacturers
(food/bev, paper, mining).
Seeq 76th Fastest-Growing Company In North America
Seeq Corporation, a leader in manufacturing and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) advanced analytics software, announced today it ranked 76 on Deloitte’s
Technology Fast 500, a ranking of the 500 fastest-growing technology, media, telecommunications, life sciences, and energy tech companies in North America
now in its 26th year.
Seeq also announced it was chosen as a 2020 Red Herring Top 100 North America Winner which recognizes the continent’s most exciting and innovative
private technology companies. 2020 Red Herring Top 100 winners were chosen from thousands of entrants, whittled down to hundreds, and then judged on
a wide variety of criteria including financial performance, innovation, business strategy, and market penetration.
Earlier this year, Seeq landed at No. 261 on the Inc. 5000 list, a prestigious ranking of the nation’s fastest-growing private companies published by Inc.
magazine.
Seeq enables engineers and scientists in process manufacturing organizations to rapidly analyze, predict, collaborate, and share insights to improve production
outcomes. Seeq customers include companies in the oil and gas, pharmaceutical, chemical, energy, mining, food and beverage, and other process industries.
“Analytics software for manufacturing customers is an area overdue for innovation,” says Steve Sliwa, CEO and Co-Founder of Seeq. “Spreadsheets replaced
pen and paper 30 years ago for analytics and haven’t changed much since. By leveraging big data, machine learning and computer science innovations, Seeq
is enabling a new generation of software-led insights.”
Seeq’s innovation and market traction enabled it to close a Series B expansion in September with an investment from Cisco Investments and existing investors.
Renewed participation came from Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures, Altira Group, Chevron Technology Ventures, Second Avenue Partners, Next47, the venture
group for Siemens, and other existing investors. The Series B expansion increased capitalization by approximately $30M, which is in addition to previous Series
B funding led by Altira Group and Saudi Aramco Energy Ventures, bringing the total investment in Seeq since its inception to approximately $65M.
Seeq’s rapid growth is being fuelled in part by its partnerships and commitment to cloud-based computing. Seeq is available in the AWS marketplace, is an
AWS Industrial Competency Partner, and supports many AWS services including Redshift, Timestream, SageMaker, and others.
On Azure, Seeq has been available in the Azure Marketplace since 2018 and was recently recognized as a 2020 Microsoft Energy Partner of the Year Finalist.
Support for Azure services includes Azure Synapse, Azure Data Lake, Azure Data Explorer, Azure Time Series Insights, Azure Notebooks for machine learning
integration, and Power Automate.
In addition to cloud data services, Seeq connects to an extensive set of data storage platforms from vendors including OSIsoft, Siemens, GE, Honeywell,
Inductive Automation, AVEVA, AspenTech, Yokogawa, InfluxDB, Snowflake, and others.
Seeq is available worldwide through a global partner network of system integrators, which provides training and resale support for Seeq in over 40 countries,
in addition to its direct sales organization in North America and Europe.
Page 19

Water, Wastewater & Environmental Monitoring Conference & Exhibition
25th
- 26th
May 2021 - Telford International Exhibition Centre, Telford, United Kingdom
The biennial WWEM conference & exhibition is the premium instrumentation & monitoring conference in the UK Calendar and is an
event that WIPAC gets heavily involved in. This year there will be the WIPAC Flow Forum, a joint Digital Transformation Conference
with the SWAN Forum as well as a the Instrumentation Apprentice Competition and a new and improved Learning & Development
Zone with some of the UK’s leading professional institutes including CIWEM, the Institute of Measurement & Control, the Future
Water Association and British Water.
International Water Association Digital Water Summit
15-18th
November 2021 - Euskalduna Conference Centre, Bilbao, Spain
In 2021, the first edition of the IWA Digital Water Summit will take place under the tag-line “Join the transformation journey”
designed to be the reference in digitalisation for the global water sector. The Summit has a focus on business and industry, while
technology providers and water utilities will be some of the key participants that will discuss and shape the agenda of the Summit.
The programme includes plenary sessions, interactive discussions, side events, exhibition, technical visits, and social events
Sensor for Water Interest Group Workshops
The Sensors for Water Interest Group has moved their workshops for the foreseeable future to an online webinar format. The next
workshop is on 3rd February 2021
3rd February 2021 - Integrating data from sensors in water & wastewater networks
10th March 2021 - Monitoring wastewater flow
11th Global Leakage Summit
8th
- 9th
December 2020
The Global Leakage Summit, now In Its 11th Edition And Established As A Brand Leader - For Water Company Practitioners To
Exchange Information on Topical Case Studies And Learn About Best Practice Technologies For Assessing, Monitoring And Reducing
Leakage In Their Networks
Water & Wastewater Treatment
21st
January 2021 - Wastewater 2021
WWT put on some of the leading conferences in the UK. In the calendar at the moment is the asset management conference in
August 2020 and the Wastewater Conference in January 2021.
Page 20
Conferences, Events,
Seminars & Studies
Conferences, Seminars & Events
2020 Conference Calendar
Due to the current international crisis there has been a large amount of disruption in the conference calendar. A lot of workshops have
moved online at least in the interim and a lot of organisations are using alternative means of getting the knowledge out there such as
webinars popping up at short notice. Do check your regular channels about information and events that are going on. Also do check on
the dates provided here as they are the best at the time of publishing but as normal things are subject to change.

13th & 14th OCTOBER
WWEM
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WWEM 2021+2022 Advert.indd 1 23/11/2020 10:24Page 21

WIPAC Monthly Update - November 2020

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