With the economy in recession, businesses facing closure, and students experiencing difficulties in adapting to the "new normal" in education, the number of out-of-school (more technically called, Not in Employment, Education, or Training or NEET) youth is expected to increase, adding up to the already high pre-pandemic rates.
In the second issue of our BRIDGING GAPS Policy Research Toolkit Series, the Center for Local Innovation and Capacity Development (CLICDPH) is happy to share insights drawn from global and comparative research that Philippine policy makers and policy advocates may use in advancing appropriate measures and programs that will simultaneously protect and engage young out-of-school Filipinos in these challenging times.
Presentation by RECOUP Director on current research agenda and research projects conducted in the four partner countries. The presentation also elaborates on the implications of RECOUP research on educational as well as international aid policy.
With the economy in recession, businesses facing closure, and students experiencing difficulties in adapting to the "new normal" in education, the number of out-of-school (more technically called, Not in Employment, Education, or Training or NEET) youth is expected to increase, adding up to the already high pre-pandemic rates.
In the second issue of our BRIDGING GAPS Policy Research Toolkit Series, the Center for Local Innovation and Capacity Development (CLICDPH) is happy to share insights drawn from global and comparative research that Philippine policy makers and policy advocates may use in advancing appropriate measures and programs that will simultaneously protect and engage young out-of-school Filipinos in these challenging times.
Presentation by RECOUP Director on current research agenda and research projects conducted in the four partner countries. The presentation also elaborates on the implications of RECOUP research on educational as well as international aid policy.
Ethiopia: Integration of Social Policies for Poverty ReductionUNDP Policy Centre
This IPC-IG Working Paper has been Produced in the context of a joint ILO-UNDP research programme aimed at
understanding the implications of large scale social assistance programmes for the Decent Work Agenda (DWA). The research focuses on programmes implemented in the three IBSA countries (India, Brazil and South Africa), namely the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in India, Programma Bolsa Familia
in Brazil and the Child Support Grant and Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in South Africa. The research is also complemented by a paper exploring the decent work implications of Ethiopia’s
Productive Safety Net Programme.
The ILO and Youth Employment The ILO Youth Employment Programme (YEP) was established in 2005 to address the global development goal and national challenges of providing young people with decent work opportunities. Through an integrated approach, it provides a wide array of services, including research, promotional activities, policy advice and technical assistance to support ILO constituents (governments, employers and workers organizations). The Programme operates through a global network of specialists at headquarters in Geneva and in more than 60 offices around the world. The ILO strategy in support of country action on youth employment combines technical assistance to strengthen the policymaking process, while supporting institutional reforms, with direct interventions and pilot projects to demonstrate the effectiveness of youth employment programmes. This illustrates that the ILO approach to youth employment does not rely on stand-alone, fragmented or dispersed interventions. Rather, it is based on the development of gender-sensitive interventions that involve a wide array of partners, including several ministries, the social partners and other organizations that represent the interests of young people. These interventions are based on the: i) review of effectiveness of policies, programme and institutions, application of lessons from evaluation and best practice, and identification of key challenges to be addressed through policy options stemming from evidence collected with national school-to-work transition surveys; ii) development of gender-sensitive policies that are embedded in larger national development frameworks; iii) implementation of priority measures through the development of plans which turn commitment to action and are supported by national budgets; and iv) monitoring and rigorous evaluation of interventions. Figure 1: Youth employment intervention model The comparative advantage of ILO’s work on youth employment lies in its proven ability to deliver quality, real-world results, influence policy change and reach various beneficiary groups. The Programme currently manages 55 youth employment projects around the world, and has achieved positive impact through advisory services, advocacy and knowledge sharing. Most recently, the ILO assisted several countries in developing National Action Plans on youth employment, which have proven to be a valuable instrument for the implementation of coherent youth employment policies and strategies through a participatory process that involves several actors in the planning and delivery of action on youth employment (see Box below).
While continuing the World Bank’s commitment to help countries reach the education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the new Education Strategy 2020 focuses on the goal of Learning for All. Learning for All means giving all people equitable opportunities to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to have healthy and satisfying lives, to be good citizens, and to be productive
contributors to their countries’ economic development.
Can television be used to teach and foster entrepreneurship among youth in developing countries? We report from a randomized control field experiment of an edutainment show on entrepreneurship broadcasted over almost three months on national television in Tanzania. The field experiment involved more than two thousand secondary school students, where the treatment group was incentivized to watch the edutainment show. We find short-term evidence of the edutainment show inspiring the viewers to become more interested in entrepreneurship and business and shaping non-cognitive traits such as risk- and time preferences, and long-term evidence of more business startups; in general, the treatment effects are more pronounced for the female viewers. However, we also find evidence that the encouragement of entrepreneurship discouraged investment in schooling; administrative data show a negative treatment effect on school performance and long-term survey data show that fewer treated students continue schooling.
Discussion on economic aspects of education has acquired great significance in education research during the new millennium earmarked as Knowledge Economy. Education for the Knowledge Economy (EKE) refers to efforts at production of the highly skilled and flexible human capital needed to compete effectively in today’s dynamic global markets. Experiences of last one decade in the IT enabled BPO sector has proved India’s ability to produce and use knowledge as a major factor in economic development and has proved to be critical to India’s comparative advantage. Economists have recognized importance of EKE to develop a workforce that is well-trained and capable of generating knowledge-driven economic growth.
Economics of Education analyzes both what determines or creates education and what impact education has on individuals and the societies and economies in which they live. Historically a great deal of emphasis has been placed on determining outcomes to educational investment and the creation of human capital. The primary mission of the economics of education group is to identify opportunities for improved efficiency, equity, and quality of education and promote effective education reform processes, to enhance knowledge of what drives education outcomes and results; to better understanding how to strengthen the links of education systems with the labour market; and to build and support a network of education economists for education policy planning and evolve structures and mechanisms for implementation.
Ethiopia: Integration of Social Policies for Poverty ReductionUNDP Policy Centre
This IPC-IG Working Paper has been Produced in the context of a joint ILO-UNDP research programme aimed at
understanding the implications of large scale social assistance programmes for the Decent Work Agenda (DWA). The research focuses on programmes implemented in the three IBSA countries (India, Brazil and South Africa), namely the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act in India, Programma Bolsa Familia
in Brazil and the Child Support Grant and Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) in South Africa. The research is also complemented by a paper exploring the decent work implications of Ethiopia’s
Productive Safety Net Programme.
The ILO and Youth Employment The ILO Youth Employment Programme (YEP) was established in 2005 to address the global development goal and national challenges of providing young people with decent work opportunities. Through an integrated approach, it provides a wide array of services, including research, promotional activities, policy advice and technical assistance to support ILO constituents (governments, employers and workers organizations). The Programme operates through a global network of specialists at headquarters in Geneva and in more than 60 offices around the world. The ILO strategy in support of country action on youth employment combines technical assistance to strengthen the policymaking process, while supporting institutional reforms, with direct interventions and pilot projects to demonstrate the effectiveness of youth employment programmes. This illustrates that the ILO approach to youth employment does not rely on stand-alone, fragmented or dispersed interventions. Rather, it is based on the development of gender-sensitive interventions that involve a wide array of partners, including several ministries, the social partners and other organizations that represent the interests of young people. These interventions are based on the: i) review of effectiveness of policies, programme and institutions, application of lessons from evaluation and best practice, and identification of key challenges to be addressed through policy options stemming from evidence collected with national school-to-work transition surveys; ii) development of gender-sensitive policies that are embedded in larger national development frameworks; iii) implementation of priority measures through the development of plans which turn commitment to action and are supported by national budgets; and iv) monitoring and rigorous evaluation of interventions. Figure 1: Youth employment intervention model The comparative advantage of ILO’s work on youth employment lies in its proven ability to deliver quality, real-world results, influence policy change and reach various beneficiary groups. The Programme currently manages 55 youth employment projects around the world, and has achieved positive impact through advisory services, advocacy and knowledge sharing. Most recently, the ILO assisted several countries in developing National Action Plans on youth employment, which have proven to be a valuable instrument for the implementation of coherent youth employment policies and strategies through a participatory process that involves several actors in the planning and delivery of action on youth employment (see Box below).
While continuing the World Bank’s commitment to help countries reach the education Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the new Education Strategy 2020 focuses on the goal of Learning for All. Learning for All means giving all people equitable opportunities to acquire the knowledge and skills they need to have healthy and satisfying lives, to be good citizens, and to be productive
contributors to their countries’ economic development.
Can television be used to teach and foster entrepreneurship among youth in developing countries? We report from a randomized control field experiment of an edutainment show on entrepreneurship broadcasted over almost three months on national television in Tanzania. The field experiment involved more than two thousand secondary school students, where the treatment group was incentivized to watch the edutainment show. We find short-term evidence of the edutainment show inspiring the viewers to become more interested in entrepreneurship and business and shaping non-cognitive traits such as risk- and time preferences, and long-term evidence of more business startups; in general, the treatment effects are more pronounced for the female viewers. However, we also find evidence that the encouragement of entrepreneurship discouraged investment in schooling; administrative data show a negative treatment effect on school performance and long-term survey data show that fewer treated students continue schooling.
Discussion on economic aspects of education has acquired great significance in education research during the new millennium earmarked as Knowledge Economy. Education for the Knowledge Economy (EKE) refers to efforts at production of the highly skilled and flexible human capital needed to compete effectively in today’s dynamic global markets. Experiences of last one decade in the IT enabled BPO sector has proved India’s ability to produce and use knowledge as a major factor in economic development and has proved to be critical to India’s comparative advantage. Economists have recognized importance of EKE to develop a workforce that is well-trained and capable of generating knowledge-driven economic growth.
Economics of Education analyzes both what determines or creates education and what impact education has on individuals and the societies and economies in which they live. Historically a great deal of emphasis has been placed on determining outcomes to educational investment and the creation of human capital. The primary mission of the economics of education group is to identify opportunities for improved efficiency, equity, and quality of education and promote effective education reform processes, to enhance knowledge of what drives education outcomes and results; to better understanding how to strengthen the links of education systems with the labour market; and to build and support a network of education economists for education policy planning and evolve structures and mechanisms for implementation.
EDD612ASSIGNMENTCASE1Trident International University .docxtidwellveronique
EDD612ASSIGNMENTCASE1
Trident International University
James Newton
EDD 612
Assignment Case 1
Dr. Susan Compton
November 5, 2018
Introduction
Inside Queensland, Australia and education evaluation program introduced by the Edmund Rice Education which for Youth and a totally funded program by Queensland government is introduced named as the Bridge Program. The program helps the youth of the state mainly between the ages of 13 to 15 which need engagement with the study otherwise disengaging from their main goal and also they are involved in youth projection system. Making students engage with their educational system is the main purpose of the program (Apte J, 2011). The Evaluation was made to check if the program was executed as intended or it needed modifications. A mixed method design a well-known technique used for information regarding the outcomes and process. Some of the data fetched from the report were.
· A basic literature review of the issue and alternative techniques implemented in the past
· Bridge Program report and data
· Program policies and documentation
· A case study involving interviews with staff and stakeholders to know how the program assisted in betterment.
The Bridge program is an important component for youngsters. The programme was initiated in 2010 January, a lot of students were referred from different departments of child safety services, police, school guidance officers and youth justice services. It is observed that mainstream education for these children as they also required formal education. 104 children were enrolled for the program. Everyone was trained according to the type of education they needed.
1. 52 percent of them were enrolled in education training
2. 29 percent are in regular contact but not in education training
3. 16 percent of them attending mainstream
4. 6 percent with a traineeship
5. Some of them were also attending alternative education
Youthfulness can be a tempestuous and troublesome time for some youngsters. It is a period of advancement and changes from youth to adulthood, with new obligations and openings. Most youngsters advance through immaturity with insignificant issues and achieve formative objectives. Be that as it may, for some youngsters, this change is more entangled. They may encounter challenges in a scope of zones throughout their life – one of which can be the unsuccessful fruition of auxiliary training Young individuals who can't accomplish school competency are in danger of various antagonistic results. School consummation is a fundamental prerequisite for most businesses in the Australian work advertise and in numerous different nations. However, not all Australian youngsters are effectively finishing this prerequisite (Baldridge B J, 2011).
Youngsters who can't effectively accomplish auxiliary instruction or comparability might be in danger of a scope of negative short and long-haul results: joblessness, destitution, poor confidence, medical issues.
In 2013, in response to the opportunities presented by Africa’s rapidly growing youth population and the ubiquity of information and communications technologies across the continent, The Rockefeller Foundation launched its Digital Jobs Africa initiative. The initiative aims to enable young people to access jobs by providing them with in-demand technology-related and other employability skills. Now just past its two-year mark, the Foundation is taking stock of the rich learning that has emerged from the initiative.
This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector of Pakistan. An indepth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending at federal and provincial (Punjab and Sindh) levels for the period of 2016-18 has been conducted through a gender lens. The research methodology is based on four key instruments, which help in systematically approaching our research questions. These instruments include review of existing secondary information and data, key informant interviews, stakeholder consultations, and a detailed review of budgetary processes. The study reveals gender disparity in out-of-school children at primary level. According to the study, 47 per cent boys as opposed to 58 per cent girls in Sindh whereas 39 per cent boys as opposed to 41 per cent girls were out-of-school in the Punjab. The study also finds noticeable gender disparities in budgetary allocations. The study concludes that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education, the budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
This presentation was made by Moritz ADER, OECD, at the OECD-MENA meeting dedicated to Budgeting for Societal Outcomes: Gender, Youth and Sustainable Development Goals Budgeting, held in Caserta, Italy, on 18-19 July 2019
The focus of this Issue Brief is to explore to what extent youth volunteerism
contributes to the economic empowerment of young people in Asia and the
Pacific, due to the skills which may have been developed during volunteering.
The Brief is a result of a desk study on volunteering and youth unemployment and
underemployment throughout the region, accompanied by a number of interviews
with current and former volunteers.
The Issue Brief first breaks down the challenges of youth unemployment,
underemployment and informality in Asia and Pacific, as well as rapidly changing
skill requirements, which are barriers for young people entering the labor market.
The Brief moves on to discuss the various forms of volunteering in the region, as well
as the skills volunteers may develop during volunteering. The last section explores
which of those skills are relevant to employability and labor market access for young
people and discovers the benefits of volunteering for youth entrepreneurship.
A number of recommendations are made on employability including but not limited
to the importance of skill needs anticipation and skills development relevant for
labor market access and entrepreneurship, followed by recommendations for
volunteer serving organizations and volunteers themselves. These include, for
example, to design volunteer programmes to empower women and expose them to
new work environments and for volunteers to volunteer more strategically to expand
social capital and networks, which are crucial for finding employment in markets
dominated by informality
Youth are the Future: The imperative of youth employment for sustainable deve...Caribbean Development Bank
This presentation was delivered by Dr. Kari Grenade, Economist, at a seminar in Saint Lucia on May 21, 2015. For more information about youth unemployment in the Caribbean, visit www.caribank.org.
This report sheds light on the significance of digital trade integration for Pakistan and selected
Central Asian countries including Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Digital trade
integration involves regulatory structures/policy designs, digital technologies, and business
processes along the entire global/regional digital value chain. Digital trade
integration requires free cross-border movement of not only digital products, services, and
technologies but also other manufactured goods, data, capital, talent, and ideas along with the
availability of integrated physical and virtual infrastructure. Hence, digital trade integration requires
the removal of digital trade barriers as well as extensive technology, and legal and policy
coordination between member states.
Countries around the world have actively engaged in establishing new and progressive bilateral and
regional trade agreements to boost trade and economic growth. The significance of digital trade has
increased considerably after the COVID-19 pandemic. Improvement in digital connectivity, ease in
regulations, and skilled workers are key factors to facilitate trade integration and promote the
growth of the e-commerce sector. The report examines the regional trade agreements of Pakistan
and selected Central Asian countries and their relevance for digital trade integration. It also
scrutinizes the challenges faced by the public institutions of Pakistan in the implementation of digital
trade policy. Besides this, the report also observes the challenges faced by SMEs dealing with digital
trade-related products.
The findings show that Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries are at different levels of digital
adoption, including mobile connectivity index and download speed of mobile and broadband.
Kazakhstan and Pakistan have a higher export and import volume compared with other countries.
However, neither country has any major trading partner from the countries selected in this study,
which demonstrates the lack of regional cooperation and the need for regional trade agreements to
boost bilateral and regional trade.
The report discusses the e-commerce laws of Pakistan and selected Central Asian countries, whereas
domestic policies and measures to increase digital trade are also reviewed. The countries are at a
different level in terms of implementing digital trade facilitation measures. Lack of effective
enforcement of intellectual property rights, non-tariff measures, foreign investment restrictions in
digital space, data and information costs, cyber security, and tax policy and administration are all key
policy issues that influence digital trade integration.
The study offers a way forward in which action points are provided for governments, the nongovernmental
sector (notably, business associations and networks), academia and think tanks, and
development partners. #DigitalTradeIntegration
#RegionalTradeAgreements
#EconomicGrowth
#DigitalConnectivity
#EcommerceLaws
The policy brief by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) outlines the urgent need to address the high consumption of Industrially Produced Trans Fatty Acids (iTFA) in Pakistan, which poses significant health risks, particularly in contributing to cardiovascular diseases. Despite being the second-highest per capita consumer of iTFA in the WHO-Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pakistan lacks comprehensive regulations and enforcement mechanisms to mitigate iTFA consumption effectively. The brief recommends a multi-faceted approach involving uniform standards, transparent enforcement, public awareness campaigns, capacity building for regulatory authorities, and collaboration with the food industry to promote healthier alternatives. It highlights the importance of political commitment, intersectoral collaboration, and public-private dialogue to successfully eliminate iTFA from the food supply chain and improve public health outcomes in Pakistan.
In his comprehensive analysis, Vaqar Ahmed highlights the challenges and impediments faced by Pakistan's trade and industrial policies, particularly concerning macroeconomic stability, energy shortages, rising costs, and regulatory constraints. The recent decline in the value of the Pakistani Rupee has further intensified issues for the manufacturing sector. The adverse macroeconomic conditions, including high inflation and a policy rate exceeding 20 percent, have hampered the sector's ability to secure working capital. Large firms' reluctance to operate in special economic zones due to supply-side gaps, coupled with global economic uncertainties, has delayed the next phase of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Ends with some policy recommendations.
Creating a conducive environment for sustainable economic development, improve living standards for all citizens, and secure a brighter future for the nation.
Highlights the country's large and young labor force, with a 1.94% population growth rate and 65.5 million individuals actively seeking work according to the 2017-18 Labor Force Survey. However, the unemployment rate currently stands at 5.8%, with the highest rate (11.56%) among youth aged 20-24. In response, the government launched the Prime Minister's Kamyab Jawan Programme, allocating Rs 100 billion to support entrepreneurship and create employment opportunities for youth. This program encompasses six key initiatives, including the Youth Entrepreneurship Scheme, Hunermand Pakistan Programme, Green Youth Movement, Startup Pakistan, National Internship, and Jawan Markaz. By focusing on skills development, entrepreneurship, and youth empowerment, the government aims to address unemployment challenges and foster a more vibrant economy.
The Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Urban Policy aims to transform KP's urban centers into engines of social, economic, and cultural growth by promoting vibrant communities, sustainable practices, and economic opportunities. It focuses on inclusive development, infrastructure improvement, efficient governance, environmental protection, and cultural preservation, aiming to make cities globally competitive and provide a high quality of life for all citizens. This policy, reviewed every five years, provides a roadmap for urban development in KP, seeking to create a brighter future for its residents.
This study aims to explain the macroeconomic and welfare impacts of changes in indirect taxes brought about in response to COVID-19. We study whether the tax relief provided for in the federal budget for fiscal year 2020-21 was effective in providing relief to private enterprises and the trade sector. We also study whether production subsidies granted during the first wave of COVID-19 were effectively able to support firms in the agricultural sector. This assessment allows us to draw lessons that may be useful for designing tax benefit policies amid future waves of the pandemic or during other emergency times.
The Government of Pakistan has offered export facilitation schemes
to exporters with the objectives to lower trade costs and expand
output. Currently, nearly one dozen export facilitation schemes are
active. They also include those which are run by the Federal Board
of Revenue (FBR). The question of ‘effectiveness’ of such schemes
in boosting Pakistan’s exports has remained a consistent theme of
interest among policymakers, international development partners
and private sector. This policy brief builds on a firm-level survey,
conducted by the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI),
and is an attempt to understand the effectiveness, overall gains,
and shortcomings of four major export facilitation schemes offered
by the FBR, including Duty and Tax Remission for Exports (DTRE),
Manufacturing Bond (MB), Export Oriented Unit (EOU) and Export
Facilitation Scheme (EFS). The study aims to provide insights on how
best to improve design of Export Facilitation Scheme 2021, which will
absorb all other schemes by the end of 2023.
The Ministry of Commerce in Pakistan unveiled the National Tariff Policy 2019-24 (NTP 2019-
24) in November 2019. The core aims of the policy were to: i) remove tariff-related
anomalies in the short-term to lower businesses’ cost of inputs and increase their
turnover, ii) increase employment generation in the medium-term, and iii) gain
competitiveness and exports in the long-term.
After its announcement, there remains a need to analyze the effectiveness and
impact of the policy. SDPI team conducted primary research to assess the impact
of tariff policy on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) with the help of a firm-level
survey.
This specific survey aims to bridge the evidence gap by providing an in-depth
analysis on the NTP-2019-24 impact in terms of its three prime objectives. Besides,
the study also attempts to understand the business community’s challenges and
expectations vis-à-vis tariff-related matters.
Digital trade is increasing rapidly throughout the world whereas digital platforms and Coronavirus have further enhanced the importance of the digital economy and digital trade. Countries are focusing on promoting digital trade and integration through various measures including free trade agreements and bilateral negotiations. This study examined digital trade as defined by WTO E-commerce work and USITC. The study included the items that come under the definition of digital trade and examined the digital trade volume of Pakistan from 2010-2020 through three-step methodology. This includes the identification of digital trade items based on Harmonized System at a six-digit level, examining trade volume for digital goods, and identification of top ten export and import items along with top ten markets for digital trade. Favorable government policies and measures have helped Pakistan in promoting digital trade flows. However, there is a need to develop information and communication technology infrastructure in Pakistan to flourish trading activities. Furthermore, Pakistan has to reduce the fiscal and trade barriers such as rules and regulations for foreign investment in digital space, data and information costs, and ensure online security and data protection to promote digital trade integration.
by Asif Javed & Vaqar Ahmed
This study presents a pathway for fostering regional digital trade integration through
South-South and Triangular cooperation. Our main study goals include answering the
following questions:
» What are the challenges faced in the digital trade sector of Afghanistan, Pakistan
and Sri Lanka? How can these be overcome through various cooperative models?
» How can inclusive regional and free trade agreements help to overcome barriers
and enable digital trade integration?
» What can Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) dealing with digital trade-related
products learn from literature on South-South and Triangular cooperation?
Suggested citation:
Ahmed, V. and Javed, M. Digital Trade Integration: South-South and Triangular
Cooperation in South Asia (unpublished). South-South Idea Paper Series, United Nations
Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC),Washington D.C.New York, 2022.
Pakistan is facing numerous socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic, including on food security. Food insecurity, which is a long-standing issue, has become more visible since the pandemic. Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) partner the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) – a leading policy research thinktank – has been supporting the Government of Pakistan to maintain essential economic activity and protect workers and small producers during the pandemic. One notable contribution has been the development of a Food Security Portal, which is being used by the government to better manage food security in the country. It is the first track and trace system from farm to fork for essential food items.
URI
https://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/handle/20.500.12413/17619
Citation
Suleri, A.Q.; Ahmed, V.; Ahmad, S.M.; Shah, Q.; Zahid, J. and Gatellier, K. (2022) Strengthening Food Security in Pakistan During the Covid-19 Pandemic, Covid-19 Responses for Equity (CORE) Stories of Change, Brighton: Institute of Development Studies, DOI: 10.19088/CORE.2022.008
Political and socio-economic discussions in Pakistan’s popular discourse are often inward-looking and generally focus on the country itself, or on its relationships to its immediate neighbors (Afghanistan, India, and China). We suggest here that Pakistan is part of a global system, as well. It is influenced not just by its direct neighbors, but also by: international events (war in Ukraine is just one example); by global economic factors (e.g. oil prices, changing terms of trade, or the danger of a global recession); and by various other global governance arrangements (e.g. Financial Action Taskforce and its demands from Pakistan). At the same time, Pakistan is not insulated from the global systemic changes. The global pandemic has overwhelmed the policymakers with possibilities of future epidemics also not being ruled out. In the past migration of people, both incoming and outgoing, has impacted the social fabric.
Likewise, the country is suffering from global warming and the resulting patterns of weather and precipitation. Pakistan is also a player at the international arena and is expected to play a responsible and proactive role at various global governance forums. The speech of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan at the UN General Assembly on September 27, 2019 has indicated regarding this responsibility and highlighted Pakistan’s role in the Cold War, or the engagement of Pakistani soldiers abroad, either in the United Nations peace keeping framework, or bilaterally. While many Pakistanis are aware of some of Pakistan’s international roles and dependencies, and of Pakistan’s image abroad, there is limited discussion about the country’s global role – what it should be? Who are the internal and external actors that shape Pakistan’s role, engagement, influence, and perception abroad? What role does the state and citizens play in deciding Pakistan’s global role? These are some of the questions that our chapter authors aimed to touch upon in this book. A conscious effort has been made to reach out to Pakistanis living and working abroad. Chapters have been invited from such resource persons who are not only Pakistanis but also study Pakistan from abroad and often through various lens external to Pakistan.
Web: https://pakistan.fes.de/e/global-pakistan-pakistan%CA%BFs-role-in-the-international-system
The Covid-19 pandemic and related
restrictions have had profound
socioeconomic impacts worldwide.
Governments have been faced with
responding urgently to mitigate such
effects, especially for the most
vulnerable. Covid-19 Responses for
Equity (CORE) partner Partnership for
Economic Policy (PEP) – a Southernled
organisation which believes that
evidence produced from an in-country
perspective, by empowered and
engaged local researchers and
policymakers, results in better policy
choices – has been working closely
with policymakers in Pakistan to
assess the Covid-19 impacts and the
effectiveness of current and potential
policies. As a result, PEP has helped
introduce tax reforms for the hardest
hit, agricultural subsidies for farmers,
and the reduction of trade tariffs for
struggling businesses.
Marginalization of Researchers in the Global
South in Global, Regional, and National
Economic-Development Consulting
Authors Ramos E. Mabugu | Vaqar Ahmed | Margaret R Chitiga-Mabugu
| Kehinde O. Omotoso
Date February 2022
Working Paper 2022-05
PEP Working Paper Series
ISSN 2709-7331
More from Sustainable Development Policy Institute (20)
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Black Magic Specialist Expert In Sahiwal, Okara, Hafizabad, Mandi Bah...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
NO1 Uk Rohani Baba In Karachi Bangali Baba Karachi Online Amil Baba WorldWide...Amil baba
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
NO1 Uk Divorce problem uk all amil baba in karachi,lahore,pakistan talaq ka m...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
1.
There are
being ma
governm
given the
Initiative
training s
free loan
At sub-na
Benazir B
Programm
Programm
Employm
Balochist
Unfortun
mentione
youth po
politicall
votes. Se
Why y
e several paral
anaged at the f
ment levels. At
e example of P
e, which includ
scheme, fee re
schemes and
ational level, w
Bhutto Shahee
me, Punjab Y
me, Khyber P
ment Programm
tan’s Laptop S
nately, the bas
ed schemes are
licies. Indeed,
y-driven budg
econd, there ar
Sche
D
youth pro
llel youth eng
federal and pr
a national lev
Prime Ministe
des the laptop
eimbursement
skill developm
we have schem
ed Youth Dev
outh Develop
Pakhtunkhwa Y
me, and Chief
Scheme.
is for many of
e found missin
, it seems that
get allocations
re significant o
emin
Dr Vaqar A
ogramme
gagement sche
rovincial
vel, one is ofte
er’s Youth
p programme,
t scheme, inter
ment program
mes, such as
velopment
pment
Youth
f Minister’s
f the above-
ng in provinci
t these are
s for winning
overlaps acros
1
ng fo
Ahmed Aug
es in publ
emes
en
rest-
mme.
ial
ss
nati
lead
Bot
mec
irre
exc
info
Ano
inte
the
Perh
lack
and
effi
ben
info
keep
in fu
duri
or yo
ust 13, 201
lic sector
ional and sub-
ding to waste o
th supply-side
chanisms are m
gularities and
luded youth a
ormation regar
other key issu
erventions and
national and s
haps, this part
k of ease of ac
d youth with di
ciency due to
nefits, exclusio
ormal sectors,
p the disburse
funds disburse
ing mid-cours
outh
7
fail to de
-national youth
of scarce budg
and demand-
missing, leadi
d missed servic
are usually una
rding these pr
e is missing li
d social protec
sub-national le
tially explains
ccess (particul
isabilities), w
which many
on of youth in
dependence o
ements runnin
ement, divertin
se to other prio
h
eliver?
h intervention
gets.
-side accounta
ing to alleged
ce delivery tar
able to access
rogrammes.
inkages betwe
ction programm
evel.
s challenges re
larly for marg
eak targeting
deserving can
agriculture an
on foreign don
ng, violations o
ng allocated am
orities, compl
ns,
ability
financial
rgets. The
een youth
mes at
egarding:
inalised
nnot claim
nd
nors to
of merit
mounts
lex
2. 2
application procedures, weak grievance redress
mechanisms, and limited outreach and engagement
with intended beneficiaries.
There is ample literature from around the globe,
South Asia and Pakistan which advocates the use of
‘scientific evaluation’ for policy effectiveness in
youth engagement programmes. This literature
makes a case for more effective evaluation for youth-
related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),
which in turn can render timely accountability and
learning, and also more favourable outcomes and
impact vis-à-vis the outcomes seen during the period
when Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were
being implemented.
One of the key outcomes envisaged in many youth
engagement programmes is reduction in youth under-
employment and unemployment. Recently, using
official data form Bangladesh, India and Pakistan,
Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI)
demonstrated that the level of unemployed youth (as
percentage of labour force between 15-24 years) is
not coming down as earlier envisaged in
programmes.
Second, there is a high share of youth who are
currently not in education, employment or training.
Third, given the demographics and youth bulge in
these countries, the ratio of youth to overall
unemployed persons is increasing. These three
patterns point towards a negative outcome — by not
having a significant share of youth in productive
activities, South Asia and particularly Pakistan loses
substantial national income.
Any evaluation exercise, which aims to look more
deeply into the above-mentioned findings, should
first start by answering: i) How many youth are being
served by the public sector interventions? ii) What
are community-level impacts of these youth related
interventions? iii) Who and where are the excluded
groups?
While the answers to the above questions may serve
as an analysis into prevalent challenges and
constraints, a medium to long-term follow-up and
review of youth schemes is required to put forward
priority actions to accelerate youth engagement and
employment. Furthermore, any recommendation
towards priority actions needs to be complimented
with a comprehensive overview of available and
missing means of implementation (of priority
actions).
SDPI’s research also finds gaps in existing
evaluations of youth-related interventions. These
include: a) youth employment being seen in isolation
from youth engagement, b) outdated data and
research on supply-side versus demand-side factors
hindering youth employment, c) weak needs-
assessment of unemployed youth, d) policies for
youth not backed by primary evidence, and e)
missing regular review of ongoing policies and
programmes for youth.
Going forward, a good evaluation agenda at national
and sub-national level should be two-pronged. A set
of supply-side evaluations aimed to: map youth
unemployment by region and community; explain
how can central governments fill the role of
planning, coordination and monitoring of youth
related interventions; assess how public-sector
secondary schools, colleges and universities should
be encouraged to open their technical vocational
education training facility for youth; and how to
develop a strong monitoring and accountability
framework across public sector programmes for
youth engagement and employment?
A set of demand-side evaluation should aim to:
assess how education and skills development may be
encouraged through non-profit, civil society
organisations and social enterprises; and identify
domestic regulations, taxes and subsidies that may be
reformed to incentivise skill development.
Finally, as is well known that public sector’s capacity
to absorb unemployed youth has greatly declined. It
is only the growth of private sector which can help
provide more jobs. Therefore, equally important are
reforms which rationalise the regulatory burden on
Pakistani small and medium enterprises, in turn
enabling them to being better instruments of
economic growth and job creation.
The writer is associated with www.sdpi.org
http://tns.thenews.com.pk/scheming-
youth/#.WZO65tIjHIV