Software performance reduces over time for several reasons: 1) additional features add complexity and slow programs down, 2) advanced graphical user interfaces require more system resources, and 3) frequent updates introduce bugs and security vulnerabilities that are resource-intensive to fix. Other factors include algorithms that don't scale well to large data sets, internet connectivity that allows malware to slow systems down, and changes to compilers that may inadvertently reduce previously optimized code performance.
Do modernizing the Mainframe for DevOps.Massimo Talia
MOST OF US HAVE ALWAYS LIVED IN A WORLD WHERE MAINFRAMES DID THE BULK OF THE DATA PROCESSING. INTRODUCED FOR COMMERCIAL USE IN THE 1950S, MAINFRAMES HAVE SEEMINGLY BEEN AROUND TO DO THE HEAVY LIFTING. EVEN IBM’S “NEW” Z SERIES IS NEARLY TWO DECADES OLD (THOUGH, OF COURSE, THE TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE NAME HAS CHANGED IN THAT TIME).
54 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e a c m n o.docxalinainglis
54 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e a c m | n o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9 | v o l . 5 2 | n o . 1 1
practice
e V e r Y o N e K N o W s M a i N T e N a N C e is difficult and
boring, and therefore avoids doing it. It doesn’t help
that many pointy-haired bosses (PHBs) say things like:
“no one needs to do maintenance—that’s a waste of
time.”
“Get the software out now; we can decide what its
real function is later.”
“Do the hardware first, without thinking about the
software.”
“Don’t allow any room or facility for expansion. You
can decide later how to sandwich the changes in.”
These statements are a fair description of development
during the last boom, and not too far
from what many of us are doing today.
This is not a good thing: when you hit
the first bug, all the time you may have
“saved” by ignoring the need to do
maintenance will be gone.
During a previous boom, General
Electric designed a mainframe that it
claimed would be sufficient for all the
computer uses in Boston, and would
never need to be shut down for repair
or for software tweaks. The machine
it eventually built wasn’t nearly big
enough, but it did succeed at running
continuously without need for hard-
ware or software changes.
Today we have a distributed net-
work of computers provided by thou-
sands of businesses, sufficient for ev-
eryone in at least North America, if not
the world. Still, we must keep shutting
down individual parts of the network to
repair or change the software. We do so
because we’ve forgotten how to do soft-
ware maintenance.
What is software maintenance?
Software maintenance is not like hard-
ware maintenance, which is the return
of the item to its original state. Software
maintenance involves moving an item
away from its original state. It encom-
passes all activities associated with the
process of changing software. That in-
cludes everything associated with “bug
fixes,” functional and performance
enhancements, providing backward
compatibility, updating its algorithm,
covering up hardware errors, creating
user-interface access methods, and
other cosmetic changes.
In software, adding a six-lane au-
tomobile expressway to a railroad
bridge is considered maintenance—
and it would be particularly valuable
if you could do it without stopping the
train traffic.
Is it possible to design software so it
can be maintained in this way? Yes, it
is. So, why don’t we?
the four horsemen of
the apocalypse
There are four approaches to software
You Don’t
Know
Jack about
software
maintenance
D o i : 1 0 . 1 1 4 5 / 1 5 9 2 7 6 1 . 1 5 9 2 7 7 7
Article development led by
queue.acm.org
Long considered an afterthought, software
maintenance is easiest and most effective
when built into a system from the ground up.
BY PauL stachouR anD DaViD coLLieR-BRoWn
P
h
o
t
o
g
r
a
P
h
b
y
r
a
L
P
h
g
r
U
n
e
W
a
L
D
56 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e .
INTRODUCTION CHAP. 1 complete access to all the hardware and can.docxvrickens
INTRODUCTION CHAP. 1
complete access to all the hardware and can execute any instruction the machine is capable of executing. The rest of the software runs in user mode, in which only a subset of the machine instructions is available. In particular, those instructions that affect control of the machine or do I/O )Input/Output" are forbidden to user-mode programs. We will come back to the difference between kernel mode and user mode repeatedly throughout this book. It plays a crucial role in how operating sys- tems work.
Web browser
E-mail Music reader player
User interface program
Operating system
User mode
Kernel mode
Software
Hardware
Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in.
The user interface program, shell or GUI, is the lowest level of user-mode soft- ware, and allows the user to start other programs, such as a Web browser, email reader, or music player. These programs, too, make heavy use of the operating sys- tem.
The placement of the operating system is shown in Fig. 1-1. It runs on the bare hardware and provides the base for all the other software.
An important distinction between the operating system and normal (user- mode) software is that if a user does not like a particular email reader, he† is free to get a different one or write his own if he so chooses; he is not free to write his own clock interrupt handler, which is part of the operating system and is protected by hardware against attempts by users to modify it.
This distinction, however, is sometimes blurred in embedded systems (which may not have kernel mode) or interpreted systems (such as Java-based systems that use interpretation, not hardware, to separate the components).
Also, in many systems there are programs that run in user mode but help the operating system or perform privileged functions. For example, there is often a program that allows users to change their passwords. It is not part of the operating system and does not run in kernel mode, but it clearly carries out a sensitive func- tion and has to be protected in a special way. In some systems, this idea is carried to an extreme, and pieces of what is traditionally considered to be the operating
† ‘‘He’’ should be read as ‘‘he or she’’ throughout the book.
SEC. 1.1 WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? 3
system (such as the file system) run in user space. In such systems, it is difficult to draw a clear boundary. Everything running in kernel mode is clearly part of the operating system, but some programs running outside it are arguably also part of it, or at least closely associated with it.
Operating systems differ from user (i.e., application) programs in ways other than where they reside. In particular, they are huge, complex, and long-lived. The source code of the heart of an operating system like Linux or Windows is on the order of five million lines of code or more. To conceive of what this means, think of printing out five million lines in book form, with 50 lines per page and 100 ...
Do modernizing the Mainframe for DevOps.Massimo Talia
MOST OF US HAVE ALWAYS LIVED IN A WORLD WHERE MAINFRAMES DID THE BULK OF THE DATA PROCESSING. INTRODUCED FOR COMMERCIAL USE IN THE 1950S, MAINFRAMES HAVE SEEMINGLY BEEN AROUND TO DO THE HEAVY LIFTING. EVEN IBM’S “NEW” Z SERIES IS NEARLY TWO DECADES OLD (THOUGH, OF COURSE, THE TECHNOLOGY UNDER THE NAME HAS CHANGED IN THAT TIME).
54 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e a c m n o.docxalinainglis
54 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e a c m | n o v e m b e r 2 0 0 9 | v o l . 5 2 | n o . 1 1
practice
e V e r Y o N e K N o W s M a i N T e N a N C e is difficult and
boring, and therefore avoids doing it. It doesn’t help
that many pointy-haired bosses (PHBs) say things like:
“no one needs to do maintenance—that’s a waste of
time.”
“Get the software out now; we can decide what its
real function is later.”
“Do the hardware first, without thinking about the
software.”
“Don’t allow any room or facility for expansion. You
can decide later how to sandwich the changes in.”
These statements are a fair description of development
during the last boom, and not too far
from what many of us are doing today.
This is not a good thing: when you hit
the first bug, all the time you may have
“saved” by ignoring the need to do
maintenance will be gone.
During a previous boom, General
Electric designed a mainframe that it
claimed would be sufficient for all the
computer uses in Boston, and would
never need to be shut down for repair
or for software tweaks. The machine
it eventually built wasn’t nearly big
enough, but it did succeed at running
continuously without need for hard-
ware or software changes.
Today we have a distributed net-
work of computers provided by thou-
sands of businesses, sufficient for ev-
eryone in at least North America, if not
the world. Still, we must keep shutting
down individual parts of the network to
repair or change the software. We do so
because we’ve forgotten how to do soft-
ware maintenance.
What is software maintenance?
Software maintenance is not like hard-
ware maintenance, which is the return
of the item to its original state. Software
maintenance involves moving an item
away from its original state. It encom-
passes all activities associated with the
process of changing software. That in-
cludes everything associated with “bug
fixes,” functional and performance
enhancements, providing backward
compatibility, updating its algorithm,
covering up hardware errors, creating
user-interface access methods, and
other cosmetic changes.
In software, adding a six-lane au-
tomobile expressway to a railroad
bridge is considered maintenance—
and it would be particularly valuable
if you could do it without stopping the
train traffic.
Is it possible to design software so it
can be maintained in this way? Yes, it
is. So, why don’t we?
the four horsemen of
the apocalypse
There are four approaches to software
You Don’t
Know
Jack about
software
maintenance
D o i : 1 0 . 1 1 4 5 / 1 5 9 2 7 6 1 . 1 5 9 2 7 7 7
Article development led by
queue.acm.org
Long considered an afterthought, software
maintenance is easiest and most effective
when built into a system from the ground up.
BY PauL stachouR anD DaViD coLLieR-BRoWn
P
h
o
t
o
g
r
a
P
h
b
y
r
a
L
P
h
g
r
U
n
e
W
a
L
D
56 c o m m u n i c at i o n s o f t h e .
INTRODUCTION CHAP. 1 complete access to all the hardware and can.docxvrickens
INTRODUCTION CHAP. 1
complete access to all the hardware and can execute any instruction the machine is capable of executing. The rest of the software runs in user mode, in which only a subset of the machine instructions is available. In particular, those instructions that affect control of the machine or do I/O )Input/Output" are forbidden to user-mode programs. We will come back to the difference between kernel mode and user mode repeatedly throughout this book. It plays a crucial role in how operating sys- tems work.
Web browser
E-mail Music reader player
User interface program
Operating system
User mode
Kernel mode
Software
Hardware
Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in.
The user interface program, shell or GUI, is the lowest level of user-mode soft- ware, and allows the user to start other programs, such as a Web browser, email reader, or music player. These programs, too, make heavy use of the operating sys- tem.
The placement of the operating system is shown in Fig. 1-1. It runs on the bare hardware and provides the base for all the other software.
An important distinction between the operating system and normal (user- mode) software is that if a user does not like a particular email reader, he† is free to get a different one or write his own if he so chooses; he is not free to write his own clock interrupt handler, which is part of the operating system and is protected by hardware against attempts by users to modify it.
This distinction, however, is sometimes blurred in embedded systems (which may not have kernel mode) or interpreted systems (such as Java-based systems that use interpretation, not hardware, to separate the components).
Also, in many systems there are programs that run in user mode but help the operating system or perform privileged functions. For example, there is often a program that allows users to change their passwords. It is not part of the operating system and does not run in kernel mode, but it clearly carries out a sensitive func- tion and has to be protected in a special way. In some systems, this idea is carried to an extreme, and pieces of what is traditionally considered to be the operating
† ‘‘He’’ should be read as ‘‘he or she’’ throughout the book.
SEC. 1.1 WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? 3
system (such as the file system) run in user space. In such systems, it is difficult to draw a clear boundary. Everything running in kernel mode is clearly part of the operating system, but some programs running outside it are arguably also part of it, or at least closely associated with it.
Operating systems differ from user (i.e., application) programs in ways other than where they reside. In particular, they are huge, complex, and long-lived. The source code of the heart of an operating system like Linux or Windows is on the order of five million lines of code or more. To conceive of what this means, think of printing out five million lines in book form, with 50 lines per page and 100 ...
Evolving role of Software,Legacy software,CASE tools,Process Models,CMMInimmik4u
The Evolving role of Software – Software – The changing Nature of Software – Legacy software, Introduction to CASE tools, A generic view of process– A layered Technology – A Process Framework – The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) – Process Assessment – Personal and Team Process Models. Product and Process. Process Models – The Waterfall Model – Incremental Process Models – Incremental Model – The RAD Model – Evolutionary Process Models – Prototyping – The Spiral Model – The Concurrent Development Model – Specialized Process Models – the Unified Process.
computer notes - Introduction to operating systemecomputernotes
The primary need for the OS arises from the fact that user needs to be provided with
services and OS ought to facilitate the provisioning of these services. The central part of a
computer system is a processing engine called CPU
Is Multicore Hardware For General-Purpose Parallel Processing Broken? : NotesSubhajit Sahu
Highlighted notes of article while studying Concurrent Data Structures, CSE:
Is Multicore Hardware For General-Purpose Parallel Processing Broken?
By Uzi Vishkin
Communications of the ACM, April 2014, Vol. 57 No. 4, Pages 35-39
10.1145/2580945
This slide is to be understand about introduction Operating System and also discuss about the types of operating sytem which will be beneficial to all students or anybody...
Evolving role of Software,Legacy software,CASE tools,Process Models,CMMInimmik4u
The Evolving role of Software – Software – The changing Nature of Software – Legacy software, Introduction to CASE tools, A generic view of process– A layered Technology – A Process Framework – The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) – Process Assessment – Personal and Team Process Models. Product and Process. Process Models – The Waterfall Model – Incremental Process Models – Incremental Model – The RAD Model – Evolutionary Process Models – Prototyping – The Spiral Model – The Concurrent Development Model – Specialized Process Models – the Unified Process.
computer notes - Introduction to operating systemecomputernotes
The primary need for the OS arises from the fact that user needs to be provided with
services and OS ought to facilitate the provisioning of these services. The central part of a
computer system is a processing engine called CPU
Is Multicore Hardware For General-Purpose Parallel Processing Broken? : NotesSubhajit Sahu
Highlighted notes of article while studying Concurrent Data Structures, CSE:
Is Multicore Hardware For General-Purpose Parallel Processing Broken?
By Uzi Vishkin
Communications of the ACM, April 2014, Vol. 57 No. 4, Pages 35-39
10.1145/2580945
This slide is to be understand about introduction Operating System and also discuss about the types of operating sytem which will be beneficial to all students or anybody...
In-house vs. Outsourcing Software Development Choosing the Right Approach.pdfMike Brown
In today's fast-paced digital landscape, software development is a critical aspect of business operations for companies across all industries-Top mobile app development company in New York. Whether it's building custom applications, developing scalable platforms, or enhancing existing software, organizations often face the decision of whether to handle these tasks in-house or outsource them to external vendors. Both approaches have their advantages and disadvantages, and choosing the right one depends on various factors such as project complexity, budget, timeline, and internal resources-mobile app development company in New York. In this article, we'll explore the differences between in-house and outsourcing software development and provide insights to help businesses make informed decisions.
In-house Software Development
In-house software development involves forming an internal team of developers, designers, project managers, and other necessary personnel to work on software projects directly within the organization. Here are some key characteristics of in-house development:
Pros:
Greater Control and Oversight: With an in-house team, companies have direct control over the development process, allowing for better oversight and management of the project's progress, priorities, and quality standards-best mobile application development company in New York.
Faster Communication: Communication is often more efficient within an in-house team, as team members are physically located in the same office or can easily collaborate through internal communication channels-mobile application development company in New York.
Deeper Understanding of Business Needs: In-house developers are immersed in the company's culture, goals, and processes, which can lead to a deeper understanding of business needs and better alignment between software solutions and organizational objectives-website development company in New York.
The benefits of Flutterflow - Avigma Tech LLCMike Brown
At the core of Flutterflow lies its ability to expedite the prototyping phase. With its intuitive drag-anddrop
interface, developers and designers can swiftly craft app prototypes without the burden of
extensive coding-mobile app development company in New York. This accelerates the innovation
cycle, enabling teams to iterate rapidly and bring ideas to life with unprecedented speed.
Upcoming Trends in Social Retail -Avigma Tech LLCMike Brown
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In recent years, the retail landscape has undergone a significant transformation, driven largely by the integration of social media into the shopping experience-Top mobile app development company in New York. As consumers increasingly turn to social platforms for product discovery, inspiration, and recommendations, brands are adapting their strategies to meet the evolving needs and preferences of their audience. Here, we explore some of the upcoming trends in social retail that are poised to shape the future of shopping-mobile app development company in New York.
Key Services in the Application Framework.pdfMike Brown
The industry review of Avigma Tech LLC has been perfect for the past years as most of its business comes from repeat orders by highly satisfied clients. Credibility is the hallmark of the company.
At Avigma Tech LLC, we understand the things that keep you formerly occupied. Our team of hard-working specialized workers work 16 by 7. As one of the best web development company in US, we promise that desire quality would not be affected by any circumstance.
We have a competitive team of experienced developers. Our dedicated team of experts work closely with the customers for delivering customized products and solutions, which are suitable for the client’s requirements. There are teams of experts to solve any type of problems related to websites/mobile applications in the best possible way.
Get your software developed today, Please visit: https://avigma.com/services/mobile-apps-development-company/
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
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Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
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This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
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See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
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👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
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Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
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In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
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In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
2. Why software performance
reduces with time?
Software is currently more generalized than it was
previously. In other words, they have a lot more
features than you typically use, and having those
extra features slows down how quickly the
application can function. The following is a list of
some of the variables influencing how well the
software performs:
3. 1. Additional features of the
software include:
The software has far more features than you typically utilize, and those
extra features impact how quickly that application can execute. Bloatware
is a term used to describe the practice of including all potential needs in
software applications. This holds for both programs, such as Microsoft
Word®, and operating systems, such as Microsoft® Windows®. Even
though there may be "lighter" versions of these with fewer features
available, if we examine inside, we'll find that the same underlying
software is being utilized, thus they don't offer you any appreciable
performance advantage over their larger counterparts. Bloatware needs
more memory (RAM) and a more active CPU to operate.
4. 2. Advanced and powerful
graphical user interfaces:
Attractive graphical user interfaces: Three of them will probably
require pricey specialised hardware to handle them, such as a GPU
(Graphical Processing Unit) and additional memory (RAM), which all
add up to significant costs for you. As a result of the numerous
events that are created, routed, filtered, and processed by the
application(s) when you interact with them via the GUI (Graphical
User Interface), your application truly performs slowly. The most
widely used operating systems take a lot of resources only to support
the beautiful user interface, despite the fact that some operating
systems, like Ubuntu (based on a Linux kernel), have lean GUIs.
5. 3. Update to the operating system:
These days' operating systems and application software have so many features
that when a small flaw is repaired and/or a new feature is added, flaws and even
security vulnerabilities are easily introduced. Software is frequently released with
flaws, some of which are critical and possibly even have serious security
vulnerabilities, as the majority of software development companies do not have
enough regression testing capability to test every functionality at the time of
releasing their most recent version of the software. In order to combat this, most
apps now establish an internet connection, check to see whether a newer
version of the software is available, and then download it. Sometimes you can
choose to install it, and other times you have to! The end effect is a never-
ending cycle of software updates that slow down your programs and use up
precious time and resources.
6. 4. Issues with Algorithms
Algorithmic problems are another form of issue that slows down the software. According to my observations, if
you profile your program with a small data set, multiple different functions will show up in the performance
profile; if the data set is very huge, usually, only one or two functions will predominate the profile.
Numerous loops in your code handle the majority of the work. Others of them are O(n) complex, some are O(n
log n) complex, and some are O(n) simple (n2). When the data collection is small, the runtimes of all these
loops may be comparable.
However, for big data sets, O(n2) loops predominate in the runtime profile, and the impact of loops with lower
complexity completely vanishes.
The loops with the highest computational complexity will therefore take up all of your program's time when the
data set is big enough. Which brings up our next point.
Scalability is poor for loops with computational complexity greater than O(n log n). The tenets of the
complexity law are brutal. With a big enough data set, your loop will eventually create a bottleneck if its
complexity is O(n2). You must need some type of massively parallel systems, such as supercomputers or
accelerators, if you need to process big data sets using algorithms with complexity O(n2), O(n3), etc.
7. 5. Internet access, software security flaws, and the use
of virus/malware scanners:
Nowadays, the majority of our computers are internet-connected,
making them accessible to potential malicious actors through other
computers. Software is simple to obtain (download) and install, and
some of it could even be pre-loaded with brand-new, dangerous
viruses, adware, etc. As a result, it appears that the solution is to
run one or more background applications that continuously analyze
open files and run programs for malware such as viruses and
adware. These scanning programs use up extra resources (such
as RAM and CPU), which eventually slows down the main program
you want to execute (like payroll) compared to earlier times.
8. 6. Compiler improvements
Compiler optimizations and modern software performance are tightly related. Everyone is aware
that software that hasn't been fully optimized for compilation can be 10 times slower than the
same software that has. Compilers, however, are not all-powerful. To produce the best assembly,
compilers frequently use a variety of heuristics and pattern matching internally. Furthermore,
these items are brittle. For instance, the compiler may have vectorized a crucial loop to speed
things up. Or, to prevent a function call and allow for more optimizations, a function could have
been inlined within a crucial loop. However, both inlining and vectorization are relatively brittle.
Both of them can be broken by a single statement, which causes the heated loop to execute
substantially more slowly. The break can occur when new code is added, but it can also occur
when using two compilers that are not the same version. Performance testing of the compiler is
not as rigorous as functionality testing. This means that a loop that was quick in an earlier version
of the compiler might now be slow due to defects or simple adjustments made to a crucial
heuristic. The best course of action is to write straightforward, understandable code because
compilers are best geared for producing effective assembly for this kind of code.
