What is plagiarism

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MA213: Second Year Essay
What is plagiarism?

Putting forward
another person’s
ideas, words or
other work as
your own is
plagiarism.
© HMSO
What is plagiarism?

Putting forward
another person’s
ideas, words or
other work as
your own is
plagiarism.
© HMSO
What is plagiarism?
Word for word
plagiarism
Paraphrasing
plagiarism
Accidental
plagiarism

Putting forward
another person’s
ideas, words or
other work as
your own is
plagiarism.
© HMSO
What is plagiarism?
Word for word
plagiarism
Paraphrasing
plagiarism
Accidental
plagiarism
Direct quotes from
another’s work without
referencing
Rewording another’s
work without referencing
Forgetting where you’ve
sourced your
content/ideas or
referencing incorrectly

Source text
Intuitively we know from our work in
Section 2.2 that a continuous function is
one that has no breaks in its graph. A
differentiable function from R² to R ought
to be such that not only are there no
breaks in its graph, but there is a well-
defined plane tangent to the graph at each
point.
References
Marsden, J. E., Tromba, A. J.(2012)
Vector calculus, 6th ed., International ed.
New York : W.H. Freeman, 105
Is this Plagiarism?
Example 1
Source text
point.
References
Student work
A differentiable function from R² to R
should have no breaks in its graph as
well as a well-defined plane tangent at
each point of the graph (Marsden &
Tromba, 2012)
References
Vector calculus, 6th ed., International
ed. New York : W.H. Freeman, 105

Student work
A differentiable function from R² to R
should have not breaks in its graph as
well as a well-defined plane tangent at
each point of the graph (Marsden &
Tromba, 2012)
References
Vector calculus, 6th ed., International
ed. New York : W.H. Freeman, 105
Source text
point.
References
Is this Plagiarism?
Example 1

Source text
Although infinite, a vector space may
have the property that all of its vectors
can be built up from a fixed set of
finitely many of its vectors using vector
addition and scalar multiplication.
References
Szabo, F (2009) Linear algebra : an
introduction using Mathematica, San
Diego : Harcourt Academic Press, 255
Student work
While they are infinite, a vector space
may have the property that all of its
vectors can be built up from a fixed set
of finitely many of its vectors using
vector addition and scalar
multiplication.
References
Is this Plagiarism?
Example 2

Source text
Although infinite, a vector space may
have the property that all of its vectors
can be built up from a fixed set of
finitely many of its vectors using vector
addition and scalar multiplication.
References
Student work
While they are infinite, a vector space
may have the property that all of its
vectors can be built up from a fixed set
of finitely many of its vectors using
vector addition and scalar
multiplication.
References
Is this Plagiarism?
Example 2
Word for word plagiarism:
Although the reference has
been given, there are no in-
text citations or quotation
marks.

Is this Plagiarism?
Example 3
Source text
There is often a gap between
mathematical theory and its practical
implementation—Gauss-Jordan
elimination and Gaussian elimination
being good examples. The problem is that
computers generally approximate
numbers, thereby introducing roundoff
errors, so unless precautions are taken,
successive calculations may degrade an
answer to a degree that makes it useless.
References
Anton, H. (1994), Elementary Linear
Algebra, 10th ed. Hoboken:John Wiley and
Sons
Student work
Computer calculations can make the
practical application of mathematical
theory difficult, for example in the case of
Gauss-Jordan elimination. Computers
approximate numbers in calculation
results leading to roundoff errors which
may progressively degrade the answers
gained from the calculations.

Is this Plagiarism?
Example 3
Source text
There is often a gap between
mathematical theory and its practical
implementation—Gauss-Jordan
elimination and Gaussian elimination
being good examples. The problem is that
computers generally approximate
numbers, thereby introducing roundoff
errors, so unless precautions are taken,
successive calculations may degrade an
answer to a degree that makes it useless.
References
Anton, H. (1994), Elementary Linear
Algebra, 10th ed. Hoboken:John Wiley and
Sons
Student work
Computer calculations can make the
practical application of mathematical
theory difficult, for example in the case of
Gauss-Jordan elimination. Computers
approximate numbers in calculation
results leading to roundoff errors which
may progressively degrade the answers
gained from the calculations.
Paraphrasing plagiarism:
They have reworded the
source and not given an in-
text citation or reference.

Is this Plagiarism?
Example 4
Source text
The axioms of congruence, a sample of
which was given in 1.26 can be extended
in a natural manner from plane geometry
to solid geometry. In space, an isometry
(Weyl’s “congruence”) is still any
transformation that preserves length so
that a line segment PQ is transformed into
a congruent segment P’ Q’.
References
Coxeter, H. S. M. (1969), Introduction to
geometry, 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley
and Sons, 96-97
Student work
The axioms of congruence can be
used in solid geometry in the same
way as in plane geometry. As
Coxeter (1969) notes “In space, an
isometry (Weyl’s “congruence”) is
still any transformation that
preserves length so that a line
segment PQ is transformed into a
congruent segment P’ Q’”.
References
Coxeter, H. S. M. (1969),
Introduction to geometry, 2nd ed.,
New York: John Wiley and Sons, 96-
97

4 TOP TIPS to avoid plagiarism
1. keep a note of everything you read in case you want to
refer to it later

refer to it later
2. record full references as you go along rather than trying to
compile a list after you have completed your assignment

refer to it later
3. always write down the page number in your notes when
copying directly from the text

refer to it later
3. always write down the page number in your notes when
copying directly from the text
4. make sure that anyone reading your work can use your
references to locate the original source

Where can I get more help with
referencing?
 Library online guide to referencing
 PLATO (Plagiarism Teaching Online)
 EndNote Online reference management
software
 Departmental guidance

Finding and using images:
copyright
• Copyright protects the physical expression of ideas in any fixed form
(including text, photographs, music, films and web pages)
• Both published and unpublished works are protected and the
copyright is normally owned by the creator(s) of the work. The
duration of copyright protection varies depending on the medium; for
images it is usually the lifetime of the creator/owner +70 years
• Although limited use of protected material in an educational context
is permitted by the law, it is always best to assume that any third
party material you use in your poster will need to be cleared for
copyright

You can find legally available images through a variety of
different sources, including:
sources for images
Allows for the sharing of creative works under a series of standard
licences which specify exactly how the material can be reused.
Includes a powerful search tool that allows you to look for material
made available under a Creative Commons licence.

sources for images
An online repository of free-use images, sound and other media
files, which brings together content from the various projects of the
Wikimedia Foundation. material is not always permitted for use
under UK copyright law, so double-check the copyright status of any
items you want to use.

sources for images
An online repository of free-use images, sound and other media
files, which brings together content from the various projects of the
Wikimedia Foundation. Material is not always permitted for use
under UK copyright law, so double-check the copyright status of any
items you want to use.
A photo-sharing site where many users upload images they have
created with Creative Commons licences. You can limit your
search results to reusable material by selecting Creative Commons
from the ‘licenses’ dropdown or Advanced Search options

Finding and using images: good
practice
• Where possible you should produce your own diagrams and tables
rather than copying them directly from other sources
• If you do want to use someone else’s image or diagram, remember
that it may be protected under copyright and you may need to ask
permission from the rights holder. If you use it without referencing it,
this also constitutes plagiarism
• If you do need to use someone else’s image, make sure that it has
the appropriate copyright licence attached and you correctly
reference it as you would any other source

You need to reference an image in the same way that you
would reference a book or journal article
This image was found on
What information would you need to include in the reference?
attributing images
Wikipedia

• If you are using someone else’s image, the least amount of information
you will need to include is:
– The creator’s information
– A link to the original source
– The date accessed
• In the Harvard style the recommended format is as follows:
Artist/Photographer's name (if known), Year of production. Title of
image. [type of medium] Collection Details as available (Collection,
Document number, Geographical Town/Place: Name of
Library/Archive/Repository).
• If the image is licensed under Creative Commons, you should also
include the licence type, e.g. used under a Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
attributing images

attributing images
Reference List
Dickau, R., 2008. 3D Hilbert Curve with colour showing progression . [image online] Available through: Wikipedia<
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert_curve#mediaviewer/File:Hilbert3d-step3.png > [Accessed 31 October 2014]. Used
under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)
Fig. 1 3D Hilbert Curve with colour
showing progression (2008)

For more help with referencing go to:
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/services/library/using/guidance-
training

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