What is law [ MBA Subject ]
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•68 views
The document discusses the legal requirements for forming a valid contract under Indian law. It states that parties must be competent to contract, meaning they cannot be a minor, person of unsound mind, or disqualified by law. It elaborates on these categories, particularly minors. It also discusses the concepts of free consent, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake, explaining how these factors impact a contract's validity. Overall, the document provides an overview of key legal principles around capacity and validity of agreements according to Indian contract law.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Free Consent
The document discusses various aspects of free consent that are important for forming a valid contract under Indian law. It defines consent, discusses essential elements like both parties agreeing on the same thing in the same sense, and notes that consent must be free from coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It then provides more detailed definitions and explanations of coercion, undue influence, fraud, and mistakes - distinguishing between different types of each. Key differences between concepts like coercion and undue influence are also outlined.
capacity to Contract
The document discusses the capacity to contract under Indian law. It defines capacity as the competence or capability of parties to enter into a valid contract. Specifically:
- Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act states that a person has capacity if they are of the age of majority according to the law they are subject to, of sound mind, and not disqualified from contracting by any other law.
- Minors, persons of unsound mind, and those disqualified by law like aliens and insolvents lack the capacity to contract as their agreements would be void.
- For minors, agreements are void from the beginning and they cannot be held liable, with exceptions for beneficial contracts and necessaries. Persons of uns
Business law
This document outlines the key elements of a valid contract according to Indian contract law. It discusses the definition of a contract, essential elements like offer and acceptance, capacity to contract, consent, and mistake. It provides definitions for key terms like proposal, agreement, consideration, free consent from coercion, undue influence and fraud. It also explains competence to contract and exceptions for minors, persons of unsound mind, disqualified persons, and more.
Capacity Of Parties To Enter In To Contract
1) The document discusses the capacity of parties to enter into a valid contract under Indian law. It states that a person must be of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by any other law to have contractual capacity.
2) It outlines various groups that may lack capacity, such as minors under 18, persons of unsound mind (idiots, lunatics, drunkards), and those disqualified by other laws like alien enemies or convicts.
3) For a contract to be valid, it requires free consent between the parties, a lawful object, and not be forbidden or opposed to public policy.
Capacity and validity of contract
1. Capacity to contract under Indian law requires that parties are of the age of majority, sound mind, and not legally disqualified from entering contracts.
2. Any agreement with a minor is void, as a minor lacks capacity until age 18. While minors cannot be bound by contracts, they can receive partnership benefits and must return benefits received under a void contract.
3. To be of sound mind, one must understand the contract and rationally judge its effects on their interests, as defined in Section 12 of the Indian Contract Act. People who are occasionally unsound cannot contract during those periods.
Capacity of parties.
The document discusses the capacity of parties to enter into contracts under Indian law. It defines who is competent to contract and notes that agreements with minors are void. A minor is deemed to have attained majority at age 18 except under certain circumstances like where a guardian has been appointed, in which case majority is 21. Agreements with minors are not valid and a minor cannot be estopped from pleading minority to avoid the agreement. However, if a minor fraudulently misrepresented their age, the court may award compensation to the other party. Upon reaching the age of majority, a minor can potentially ratify agreements made as a minor.
Capacity to Contract
Who can enter into a contract can be a tricky topic. Get your concepts clear with an overview to the topic 'Capacity to Contract'.
Free consent By RAZI ANWAR
The document discusses the concept of free consent in contracts. It defines free consent as consent that is not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It examines each of these factors in detail - outlining what constitutes coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistakes of fact and law. It provides examples for each factor and discusses the consequences when free consent is compromised, such as contracts becoming voidable or requiring restitution.
Recommended
Free Consent
The document discusses various aspects of free consent that are important for forming a valid contract under Indian law. It defines consent, discusses essential elements like both parties agreeing on the same thing in the same sense, and notes that consent must be free from coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It then provides more detailed definitions and explanations of coercion, undue influence, fraud, and mistakes - distinguishing between different types of each. Key differences between concepts like coercion and undue influence are also outlined.
capacity to Contract
The document discusses the capacity to contract under Indian law. It defines capacity as the competence or capability of parties to enter into a valid contract. Specifically:
- Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act states that a person has capacity if they are of the age of majority according to the law they are subject to, of sound mind, and not disqualified from contracting by any other law.
- Minors, persons of unsound mind, and those disqualified by law like aliens and insolvents lack the capacity to contract as their agreements would be void.
- For minors, agreements are void from the beginning and they cannot be held liable, with exceptions for beneficial contracts and necessaries. Persons of uns
Business law
This document outlines the key elements of a valid contract according to Indian contract law. It discusses the definition of a contract, essential elements like offer and acceptance, capacity to contract, consent, and mistake. It provides definitions for key terms like proposal, agreement, consideration, free consent from coercion, undue influence and fraud. It also explains competence to contract and exceptions for minors, persons of unsound mind, disqualified persons, and more.
Capacity Of Parties To Enter In To Contract
1) The document discusses the capacity of parties to enter into a valid contract under Indian law. It states that a person must be of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by any other law to have contractual capacity.
2) It outlines various groups that may lack capacity, such as minors under 18, persons of unsound mind (idiots, lunatics, drunkards), and those disqualified by other laws like alien enemies or convicts.
3) For a contract to be valid, it requires free consent between the parties, a lawful object, and not be forbidden or opposed to public policy.
Capacity and validity of contract
1. Capacity to contract under Indian law requires that parties are of the age of majority, sound mind, and not legally disqualified from entering contracts.
2. Any agreement with a minor is void, as a minor lacks capacity until age 18. While minors cannot be bound by contracts, they can receive partnership benefits and must return benefits received under a void contract.
3. To be of sound mind, one must understand the contract and rationally judge its effects on their interests, as defined in Section 12 of the Indian Contract Act. People who are occasionally unsound cannot contract during those periods.
Capacity of parties.
The document discusses the capacity of parties to enter into contracts under Indian law. It defines who is competent to contract and notes that agreements with minors are void. A minor is deemed to have attained majority at age 18 except under certain circumstances like where a guardian has been appointed, in which case majority is 21. Agreements with minors are not valid and a minor cannot be estopped from pleading minority to avoid the agreement. However, if a minor fraudulently misrepresented their age, the court may award compensation to the other party. Upon reaching the age of majority, a minor can potentially ratify agreements made as a minor.
Capacity to Contract
Who can enter into a contract can be a tricky topic. Get your concepts clear with an overview to the topic 'Capacity to Contract'.
Free consent By RAZI ANWAR
The document discusses the concept of free consent in contracts. It defines free consent as consent that is not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It examines each of these factors in detail - outlining what constitutes coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistakes of fact and law. It provides examples for each factor and discusses the consequences when free consent is compromised, such as contracts becoming voidable or requiring restitution.
Capacity to contract
Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act states that a person is legally competent to enter into a contract if they are of the age of majority according to the laws where they reside and are of sound mind. Minors under 18 years of age, people who are mentally unsound, and those prohibited by law from entering contracts are not legally competent. Section 12 further defines being of sound mind as having the capacity at the time of agreement to understand the contract and make a rational judgment about how it impacts one's interests.
Capacity to contract
Capacity to contract refers to the legal ability of a person to enter into a valid and binding contractual agreement. Minors, people of unsound mind, aliens, enemies, foreign sovereigns, insolvents, and convicts generally lack full capacity to contract. Specifically, any agreement made by a minor is considered void, as minors are below the age of 18 and lack contractual competence. A person must possess soundness of mind and rational judgment to understand and evaluate the implications of a contract.
Capacity to contract
This document discusses the eligibility of parties to enter into a contract under Indian law. It states that minors (those under 18), persons of unsound mind, those disqualified by law such as alien enemies or insolvents, and convicts currently imprisoned may lack the capacity to contract. For minors, contracts are void ab initio and they cannot be compelled to pay benefits received nor can their guardians be held liable. Exceptions exist for minors' necessities or if they have a guardian appointed. The document provides an example case of a contract with a minor being voided.
The importance of consent to make a contract by roll no. 76 tanvi pulekar
The document discusses the importance of consent in forming a valid contract under Indian law. It defines consent, free consent, and what can invalidate consent, such as coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It provides examples of situations that would lack consent, such as agreeing to different terms or being unduly influenced. Free consent without these vitiating factors is necessary for an enforceable contract.
Practical Contract Law
This document discusses the potential consequences of a contract dispute, including management time and stress spent dealing with the dispute, loss of a customer, and legal costs. It then provides an example of a potential contract formation between a company and a supplier during a preliminary meeting where they discussed services, price, and shook hands. A court may find that this constituted a valid contract despite the lack of signed documents, as there could have been an offer, acceptance, and consideration exchanged. The document advises being clear about not intending to be legally bound until a signed agreement is in place to avoid accidental contract formation. It also warns about fraudulent misrepresentations during contract negotiations.
Free consent final presentation
The document discusses the requirements for free consent in contracts under Pakistani law. It defines consent, free consent, and outlines situations that negate free consent such as coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake. Coercion is defined as threatening unlawful acts, while undue influence involves exploiting a position of power over another party. Contracts resulting from coercion, undue influence, fraud or misrepresentation are voidable at the option of the aggrieved party.
Contract Act - Business law
This document defines key concepts in law and contracts. It outlines 7 objectives of law including assuring basic rights and regulating business. It defines international law, constitutional law, criminal law, and civil law. It then discusses the definition of a contract, the process of forming a contract through various stages like drafting and approval, and 10 essential elements for a valid contract such as offer/acceptance, lawful consideration, and certainty.
Capacity of parties to contract
The document discusses the legal capacity of parties to enter into a contract under Indian law. It summarizes key sections of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 regarding who is competent to contract, including being of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not otherwise legally disqualified. It also discusses cases related to the contracts of minors and people of unsound mind. Specifically, it summarizes a 1903 Privy Council case that established a minor's contract is void ab initio as a minor is not competent to enter into an agreement. It also examines the definition of sound mind and discusses evidentiary burdens regarding establishing mental capacity or incapacity.
CAPACITY OF PARTIES (LAW)
THIS SLIDE COVER WHOLE TOPIC OF CAPACITY OF PARTIES TO CONTRACT AND WHICH ARE THE ONES WHO ARE NOT LIABLE TO DO CONTRACT.
A free consent ppt bba
The document defines key concepts related to consent in contracts such as coercion, undue influence, and fraud. It states that consent requires parties to agree in the same sense. Coercion involves threatening unlawful acts, while undue influence involves exploiting a power imbalance in relationships like parent-child or doctor-patient. Fraud involves deception for personal gain through false statements, concealment of facts, or failing to disclose material information required. Mistakes can also vitiate consent if they involve misunderstandings about key facts by one or both parties.
Contract law
The document provides an introduction to contract law, covering key topics such as the purpose of contracts, elements of a valid contract, types of contracts, and remedies available even when no contract exists. It defines a contract as a promise that is legally enforceable, and discusses how contract law has developed over time, becoming less dependent on written forms and considering fairness. The types of contracts covered are bilateral vs unilateral, express vs implied, executory vs executed, and valid vs unenforceable/voidable/void agreements. Promissory estoppel and quasi-contract are also introduced as remedies when no contract exists. Sources of contract law discussed include common law, the Uniform Commercial Code, and the Restatement.
S08 batch law of contract
The document welcomes students to the third episode of the MBA Career program. It provides an overview of the Corporate Legal Environment course syllabus which will cover various topics related to business law including contract law, sale of goods act, negotiable instruments, company law, and taxation. It emphasizes the importance of studying business law for MBA students to understand legal issues in business and maintain operations legally and securely.
Contract
This document discusses the key elements required for a valid contract. It defines a contract and outlines the essential requirements including lawful subject matter, competent parties, valid consideration, free consent, and proper form. Specifically, it notes that for a contract to be valid it must have a lawful purpose, involve legally competent parties, include consideration, involve free consent without undue influence, and meet any legal requirements for written form. If any of these essential elements are missing, the contract may be considered void, voidable, or unenforceable.
Business Communication Legal Aspects
This document discusses legal aspects of business communication related to defamation, invasion of privacy, fraud, credit collection, and employment. It covers topics such as the definitions of libel and slander as types of defamation, examples of invasion of privacy, the differences between fraud and misrepresentation, tips for collecting credit, and important aspects of writing job applications and interviewing. The document is presented over multiple parts that each cover a different legal topic relevant to business communication.
Contract act part 1
This document discusses the key elements and nature of contracts under Indian law. It provides definitions of contracts from various legal scholars and the Indian Contract Act. The main points are:
1. A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law, containing an offer, acceptance, and consideration. It requires lawful consent between two or more parties.
2. There are several essential elements for a valid contract including offer/acceptance, lawful object and consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, certainty and possibility of performance.
3. Not all agreements are contracts as they must satisfy the requirements of intent to create legal obligations, lawful consideration, and enforceability under law. Certain types of agreements are specifically prohibited or regulated by
Contract & agreement
The document discusses various types of contracts and their discharge. It defines a contract as a legally enforceable agreement with key elements of offer, acceptance, and consideration. It categorizes contracts based on validity, formation, performance, and more. It also outlines several ways a contract can be discharged, such as through performance, breach, impossibility of performance, or by operation of law. Discharge by breach of contract occurs when a party fails to perform or anticipatorily repudiates the contract.
Essential elements of valid
The document outlines the essential elements required for a valid contract according to Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act. The key elements discussed are: offer and acceptance, intention to create a legal relationship, lawful consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, lawful object, certainty, possibility of performance, not being declared void or illegal, and legal formalities. It provides details on each element, such as definitions of consideration and consent. The summary concludes that for a contract to be valid, it must contain all of these elements.
Indian contract act_1872 by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
The document discusses the essential elements of a valid contract according to Indian law. It lists 10 essential elements that must be present: 1) offer and acceptance, 2) intention to create a legal relationship, 3) lawful consideration, 4) capacity of parties, 5) free consent, 6) lawful object, 7) certainty of meaning, 8) possibility of performance, 9) not declared void or illegal, and 10) legal formalities. It also classifies contracts based on their validity, formation, and performance.
Lesson 1 law
The document provides an overview of contract law in India, including:
- The Indian Contract Act of 1872 governs contracts in India and defines key terms like agreement, promise, and consideration.
- For a contract to be valid it must meet characteristics like being based on a valid agreement between competent parties, having lawful consideration, clear and lawful terms, and free consent.
- Contracts are classified in various ways including by their enforceability, formation, performance, and obligations. Valid contracts that meet all requirements are enforceable, while void, voidable, or illegal contracts may not be.
Capacity to contract
The document discusses capacity to contract under Indian law. It states that according to Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, persons who have the capacity to contract are those who are of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by any law. Minors under 18 years of age, persons of unsound mind, bankrupts, and those disqualified by law such as aliens from enemy countries lack the capacity to form legally binding contracts.
3rd Sem_B Com_BR PPT.pdf
This document provides an introduction to business laws. It defines business law as the body of laws that govern how businesses are formed and operated. It discusses key concepts in business law like contracts, torts, and different types of business entities. The document also outlines several important acts that are part of the scope of business law in India such as the Indian Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, and Companies Act. It explains essential elements of contracts like offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity of parties, and legality of object. Key classifications of contracts are also summarized.
Free cosent
The document discusses various aspects of consent and free consent as it relates to contracts under Indian law. It defines consent, free consent, and the effects of absence of consent and free consent. It also defines and discusses coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake in the context of vitiating free consent in contracts. Specifically, it provides definitions from the Indian Contract Act, elements that constitute each concept, presumptions in certain cases, and effects on contracts, such as making them void or voidable.
More Related Content
What's hot
Capacity to contract
Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act states that a person is legally competent to enter into a contract if they are of the age of majority according to the laws where they reside and are of sound mind. Minors under 18 years of age, people who are mentally unsound, and those prohibited by law from entering contracts are not legally competent. Section 12 further defines being of sound mind as having the capacity at the time of agreement to understand the contract and make a rational judgment about how it impacts one's interests.
Capacity to contract
Capacity to contract refers to the legal ability of a person to enter into a valid and binding contractual agreement. Minors, people of unsound mind, aliens, enemies, foreign sovereigns, insolvents, and convicts generally lack full capacity to contract. Specifically, any agreement made by a minor is considered void, as minors are below the age of 18 and lack contractual competence. A person must possess soundness of mind and rational judgment to understand and evaluate the implications of a contract.
Capacity to contract
This document discusses the eligibility of parties to enter into a contract under Indian law. It states that minors (those under 18), persons of unsound mind, those disqualified by law such as alien enemies or insolvents, and convicts currently imprisoned may lack the capacity to contract. For minors, contracts are void ab initio and they cannot be compelled to pay benefits received nor can their guardians be held liable. Exceptions exist for minors' necessities or if they have a guardian appointed. The document provides an example case of a contract with a minor being voided.
The importance of consent to make a contract by roll no. 76 tanvi pulekar
The document discusses the importance of consent in forming a valid contract under Indian law. It defines consent, free consent, and what can invalidate consent, such as coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. It provides examples of situations that would lack consent, such as agreeing to different terms or being unduly influenced. Free consent without these vitiating factors is necessary for an enforceable contract.
Practical Contract Law
This document discusses the potential consequences of a contract dispute, including management time and stress spent dealing with the dispute, loss of a customer, and legal costs. It then provides an example of a potential contract formation between a company and a supplier during a preliminary meeting where they discussed services, price, and shook hands. A court may find that this constituted a valid contract despite the lack of signed documents, as there could have been an offer, acceptance, and consideration exchanged. The document advises being clear about not intending to be legally bound until a signed agreement is in place to avoid accidental contract formation. It also warns about fraudulent misrepresentations during contract negotiations.
Free consent final presentation
The document discusses the requirements for free consent in contracts under Pakistani law. It defines consent, free consent, and outlines situations that negate free consent such as coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake. Coercion is defined as threatening unlawful acts, while undue influence involves exploiting a position of power over another party. Contracts resulting from coercion, undue influence, fraud or misrepresentation are voidable at the option of the aggrieved party.
Contract Act - Business law
This document defines key concepts in law and contracts. It outlines 7 objectives of law including assuring basic rights and regulating business. It defines international law, constitutional law, criminal law, and civil law. It then discusses the definition of a contract, the process of forming a contract through various stages like drafting and approval, and 10 essential elements for a valid contract such as offer/acceptance, lawful consideration, and certainty.
Capacity of parties to contract
The document discusses the legal capacity of parties to enter into a contract under Indian law. It summarizes key sections of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 regarding who is competent to contract, including being of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not otherwise legally disqualified. It also discusses cases related to the contracts of minors and people of unsound mind. Specifically, it summarizes a 1903 Privy Council case that established a minor's contract is void ab initio as a minor is not competent to enter into an agreement. It also examines the definition of sound mind and discusses evidentiary burdens regarding establishing mental capacity or incapacity.
CAPACITY OF PARTIES (LAW)
THIS SLIDE COVER WHOLE TOPIC OF CAPACITY OF PARTIES TO CONTRACT AND WHICH ARE THE ONES WHO ARE NOT LIABLE TO DO CONTRACT.
A free consent ppt bba
The document defines key concepts related to consent in contracts such as coercion, undue influence, and fraud. It states that consent requires parties to agree in the same sense. Coercion involves threatening unlawful acts, while undue influence involves exploiting a power imbalance in relationships like parent-child or doctor-patient. Fraud involves deception for personal gain through false statements, concealment of facts, or failing to disclose material information required. Mistakes can also vitiate consent if they involve misunderstandings about key facts by one or both parties.
Contract law
The document provides an introduction to contract law, covering key topics such as the purpose of contracts, elements of a valid contract, types of contracts, and remedies available even when no contract exists. It defines a contract as a promise that is legally enforceable, and discusses how contract law has developed over time, becoming less dependent on written forms and considering fairness. The types of contracts covered are bilateral vs unilateral, express vs implied, executory vs executed, and valid vs unenforceable/voidable/void agreements. Promissory estoppel and quasi-contract are also introduced as remedies when no contract exists. Sources of contract law discussed include common law, the Uniform Commercial Code, and the Restatement.
S08 batch law of contract
The document welcomes students to the third episode of the MBA Career program. It provides an overview of the Corporate Legal Environment course syllabus which will cover various topics related to business law including contract law, sale of goods act, negotiable instruments, company law, and taxation. It emphasizes the importance of studying business law for MBA students to understand legal issues in business and maintain operations legally and securely.
Contract
This document discusses the key elements required for a valid contract. It defines a contract and outlines the essential requirements including lawful subject matter, competent parties, valid consideration, free consent, and proper form. Specifically, it notes that for a contract to be valid it must have a lawful purpose, involve legally competent parties, include consideration, involve free consent without undue influence, and meet any legal requirements for written form. If any of these essential elements are missing, the contract may be considered void, voidable, or unenforceable.
Business Communication Legal Aspects
This document discusses legal aspects of business communication related to defamation, invasion of privacy, fraud, credit collection, and employment. It covers topics such as the definitions of libel and slander as types of defamation, examples of invasion of privacy, the differences between fraud and misrepresentation, tips for collecting credit, and important aspects of writing job applications and interviewing. The document is presented over multiple parts that each cover a different legal topic relevant to business communication.
Contract act part 1
This document discusses the key elements and nature of contracts under Indian law. It provides definitions of contracts from various legal scholars and the Indian Contract Act. The main points are:
1. A contract is an agreement that is enforceable by law, containing an offer, acceptance, and consideration. It requires lawful consent between two or more parties.
2. There are several essential elements for a valid contract including offer/acceptance, lawful object and consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, certainty and possibility of performance.
3. Not all agreements are contracts as they must satisfy the requirements of intent to create legal obligations, lawful consideration, and enforceability under law. Certain types of agreements are specifically prohibited or regulated by
Contract & agreement
The document discusses various types of contracts and their discharge. It defines a contract as a legally enforceable agreement with key elements of offer, acceptance, and consideration. It categorizes contracts based on validity, formation, performance, and more. It also outlines several ways a contract can be discharged, such as through performance, breach, impossibility of performance, or by operation of law. Discharge by breach of contract occurs when a party fails to perform or anticipatorily repudiates the contract.
Essential elements of valid
The document outlines the essential elements required for a valid contract according to Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act. The key elements discussed are: offer and acceptance, intention to create a legal relationship, lawful consideration, capacity of parties, free consent, lawful object, certainty, possibility of performance, not being declared void or illegal, and legal formalities. It provides details on each element, such as definitions of consideration and consent. The summary concludes that for a contract to be valid, it must contain all of these elements.
Indian contract act_1872 by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
The document discusses the essential elements of a valid contract according to Indian law. It lists 10 essential elements that must be present: 1) offer and acceptance, 2) intention to create a legal relationship, 3) lawful consideration, 4) capacity of parties, 5) free consent, 6) lawful object, 7) certainty of meaning, 8) possibility of performance, 9) not declared void or illegal, and 10) legal formalities. It also classifies contracts based on their validity, formation, and performance.
Lesson 1 law
The document provides an overview of contract law in India, including:
- The Indian Contract Act of 1872 governs contracts in India and defines key terms like agreement, promise, and consideration.
- For a contract to be valid it must meet characteristics like being based on a valid agreement between competent parties, having lawful consideration, clear and lawful terms, and free consent.
- Contracts are classified in various ways including by their enforceability, formation, performance, and obligations. Valid contracts that meet all requirements are enforceable, while void, voidable, or illegal contracts may not be.
Capacity to contract
The document discusses capacity to contract under Indian law. It states that according to Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act, persons who have the capacity to contract are those who are of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by any law. Minors under 18 years of age, persons of unsound mind, bankrupts, and those disqualified by law such as aliens from enemy countries lack the capacity to form legally binding contracts.
What's hot (20)
The importance of consent to make a contract by roll no. 76 tanvi pulekar
The importance of consent to make a contract by roll no. 76 tanvi pulekar
Indian contract act_1872 by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Indian contract act_1872 by Neeraj Bhandari ( Surkhet.Nepal )
Similar to What is law [ MBA Subject ]
3rd Sem_B Com_BR PPT.pdf
This document provides an introduction to business laws. It defines business law as the body of laws that govern how businesses are formed and operated. It discusses key concepts in business law like contracts, torts, and different types of business entities. The document also outlines several important acts that are part of the scope of business law in India such as the Indian Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, and Companies Act. It explains essential elements of contracts like offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity of parties, and legality of object. Key classifications of contracts are also summarized.
Free cosent
The document discusses various aspects of consent and free consent as it relates to contracts under Indian law. It defines consent, free consent, and the effects of absence of consent and free consent. It also defines and discusses coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake in the context of vitiating free consent in contracts. Specifically, it provides definitions from the Indian Contract Act, elements that constitute each concept, presumptions in certain cases, and effects on contracts, such as making them void or voidable.
Indian contract act part2& 3
This document discusses contractual capacity and incapacity under Indian law. It states that only natural persons who are of sound mind and the age of majority, and not otherwise disqualified, are competent to contract under Section 11. Minors, persons of unsound mind, aliens, foreign states, and some corporations may lack contractual capacity. A minor's contracts are void against the minor to protect their interests. Consent must be free of coercion, undue influence, fraud, or misrepresentation. Contracts can be discharged through performance, mutual consent, lapse of time, operation of law, impossibility of performance, or breach.
Ad idem
This document contains a student's assignment on the topic of free consent in contract law. It discusses key concepts such as ad idem, consent, free consent, coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation, fraud, and mistake. The assignment was submitted by Anam Amjad for their Introduction to Business Law course, along with their student registration number and the date and details of the assignment.
Competency of partles.pptx
The document discusses the competency of parties to enter into a contract according to Section 11 of the Indian Contract Act of 1872. It states that to be competent, a party must be of majority age, sound minded, and not disqualified by any law. It also examines what makes consent free by defining coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake which can invalidate a contract. Case laws are provided to illustrate these concepts.
Capacity to contract ppt @ bec doms
An agreement is considered a contract if it is entered into by competent parties. To be competent, one must be of age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by law. A minor is not competent to contract as they are deemed incapable of understanding consequences. Exceptions include contracts for necessities or those wherein the minor is the promisee rather than promisor. Consent to a contract must be free, without coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation, fraud, or mistake.
diya ppt.pptx PRESENTATION ON FREE CONSENT.BUSINESS LAWS
1. The document discusses the factors that affect free consent in contracts according to the Indian Contract Act 1872, including coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation, fraud, and mistake.
2. It defines these terms and explains how they negatively impact free consent. Coercion involves threatening unlawful acts, undue influence involves exploiting a power imbalance, and misrepresentation involves providing false information.
3. When consent is affected by these vitiating factors, the contract is voidable at the option of the aggrieved party. They can choose to rescind the contract or insist that it is performed as originally agreed upon.
BUSINESS LAW unit 3.pptx
This document discusses capacity of contract and void agreements under Indian contract law. It outlines who is competent to contract according to Section 11, including those of age of majority, sound mind, and not otherwise disqualified. Minors, persons of unsound mind, and those disqualified by law are not competent. Free consent is also required for a valid contract and can be affected by coercion, undue influence, misrepresentation, mistake or fraud. An agreement that is not enforceable in law is considered void, including those with incompetent parties or unlawful objects.
Consideration Business Law
This document discusses the key elements of a valid contract according to Indian contract law, including consideration, capacity to contract, consent, and lawful object. It provides details on:
- Consideration being an essential element of a contract and the characteristics of valid consideration.
- The capacity to contract, including who is competent (those of age and sound mind) and incompetent (minors, those of unsound mind, persons disqualified by law).
- Consent needing to be free and not caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud, or mistake.
- The object and consideration of a contract needing to be lawful and not forbidden, fraudulent, involving injury to others, immoral, or against
Consideration and valid consideration
This document discusses consideration and the essential elements required for a valid contract. It defines consideration as the price for which a promise is made. An example is provided of a sale agreement where the factory price is the consideration. Essential elements of consideration include it being real, moving at the desire of the promisor, and not being something the promisor is already bound to do. The document outlines different types of consideration like present, past, and future consideration. It also discusses capacity of parties, void agreements, and factors like coercion, undue influence, fraud, and misrepresentation that can invalidate an agreement due to lack of free consent.
Capacity to contract
The document discusses the capacity to contract under Indian law. It defines who is competent to enter into a contract according to Section 11 of the Contract Act, including those of the age of majority and of sound mind. It then discusses those who are incompetent to contract, such as minors under 18 years old, those of unsound mind (lunatics, idiots, drunk/intoxicated), and those disqualified by law like alien enemies and convicts. The document provides further details on the rules for minors, those of unsound mind, and those disqualified contracting. It also discusses exceptions for necessaries supplied to minors and those of unsound mind.
Contract act free consent for contract
Free consent is essential for a valid contract. Consent is not free when obtained through coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, or mistake. Coercion involves threats to compel consent. Undue influence involves exploiting power imbalances. Fraud involves intentional deception. Misrepresentation involves unintentional false statements. Mistakes void a contract if both parties are mistaken about an essential fact or one party exploits the other's unilateral mistake about a fundamental issue. Consent obtained without free will can void a contract.
Ica 3
The document discusses the competency of parties to form contracts under Indian law. It states that to be competent, one must be of age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by any law. It then examines specific cases such as minors, persons of unsound mind, and those disqualified like insolvents or convicts. Contracts with minors are void, while those with persons of unsound mind may be void depending on mental state at time of agreement.
Capacity to contract.pptx
capacity to contract it explain total details of parties who has to make contract. who has capacity to make contract. etc.
Law of contract
Contracts are legally binding agreements between two or more competent parties that usually involve employment, sale or lease of property, or tenancy. The key elements of a valid contract are offer, acceptance, consideration, intention to create legal relations, capacity to contract, certainty of terms, and free consent. Minors and mentally impaired individuals generally lack the capacity to enter into contracts. For a contract to be enforceable, it requires an offer, acceptance of that offer, and consideration or valuable benefit exchanged between the parties.
Contract act
The document discusses key aspects of contracts under the Indian Contract Act of 1872 including:
1) The definition of a contract as an agreement that is enforceable by law, requiring elements such as offer, acceptance, lawful consideration and lawful object.
2) Essentials for a valid contract including free consent which cannot be caused by coercion, undue influence, fraud or mistake.
3) Exceptions to free consent such as coercion defined as threatening unlawful acts, and undue influence defined as improper use of influence in relationships involving trust.
Legal aspects-of-business
The document discusses various legal aspects of contracts under Indian law. It defines key concepts like valid contracts, void contracts, voidable contracts, and illegal contracts. It explains essential elements for a valid contract like agreement, lawful consideration, lawful object, and intention to create a legal obligation. It also discusses important concepts related to formation of a contract like offer, acceptance, free consent, contractual capacity, and termination of offer. Finally, it elaborates on vitiating factors like coercion, undue influence, fraud, and misrepresentation that can invalidate a contract.
b.law 4.pptx
1) Consideration is something of value that is exchanged between parties to an agreement. It is required for a contract to be valid. Consideration can be past, present or future as long as it is real and lawful.
2) For consideration to be valid, it must induce the promisor to make a promise and cannot be something the promisor is already legally obligated to do. Consideration does not need to be financially adequate.
3) Exceptions to the requirement of consideration include natural love and affection between family as well as agreements to pay for past voluntary services rendered.
Chapter 1_The Law of Contract.pptx
The document discusses the key elements of a valid contract according to commercial law. It defines a contract as an agreement that is enforceable by law, requiring offer and acceptance, consideration, lawful object and intent to create legal relations. It provides exceptions to the consideration requirement, such as agreements on account of natural love/affection. The document also discusses concepts like capacity of parties, free consent, certainty and legality that make an agreement legally enforceable. It classifies contracts based on method of formation, time of performance, parties involved and validity.
Indian Contract Act 1872 Competency Of The Parties to contract
The document discusses the requirements for competency to contract under Indian contract law. It outlines that parties must be of the age of majority, of sound mind, and not disqualified by law. Those deemed incompetent include minors under 18, persons of unsound mind like idiots and lunatics, and those disqualified such as aliens, convicts, and corporations. The Indian Contract Act of 1872 establishes these rules for determining the validity and enforceability of contracts in India.
Similar to What is law [ MBA Subject ] (20)
diya ppt.pptx PRESENTATION ON FREE CONSENT.BUSINESS LAWS
diya ppt.pptx PRESENTATION ON FREE CONSENT.BUSINESS LAWS
Indian Contract Act 1872 Competency Of The Parties to contract
Indian Contract Act 1872 Competency Of The Parties to contract
Recently uploaded
一比一原版(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(liverpool毕业证书)利物浦大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
在线办理(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UNE毕业证书)新英格兰大学毕业证成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
THE CONCEPT OF RIGHT TO DEFAULT BAIL.pptx
The presentation deals with the concept of Right to Default Bail laid down under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 and Section 187 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023.
一比一原版(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uottawa毕业证书)加拿大渥太华大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版多伦多都会大学毕业证(TMU毕业证书)学历如何办理
原版办【微信号:95270640】【多伦多都会大学毕业证(TMU毕业证书)】【微信号:95270640】《成绩单、外壳、雅思、offer、真实留信官方学历认证（永久存档/真实可查）》采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【我们承诺采用的是学校原版纸张（纸质、底色、纹路）我们拥有全套进口原装设备，特殊工艺都是采用不同机器制作，仿真度基本可以达到100%，所有工艺效果都可提前给客户展示，不满意可以根据客户要求进行调整，直到满意为止！】
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信号95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
留信网服务项目：
1、留学生专业人才库服务（留信分析）
2、国（境）学习人员提供就业推荐信服务
3、留学人员区块链存储服务
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
原版定做(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(sheffield学位证书)英国谢菲尔德大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
2024 Idaho Water Users Association, Sun Valley, Idaho - June 11, 2024. Presented by Payton Hampton and Garrett Kitamura
Capital Punishment by Saif Javed (LLM)ppt.pptx
This PowerPoint presentation, titled "Capital Punishment in India: Constitutionality and Rarest of Rare Principle," is a comprehensive exploration of the death penalty within the Indian criminal justice system. Authored by Saif Javed, an LL.M student specializing in Criminal Law and Criminology at Kazi Nazrul University, the presentation delves into the constitutional aspects and ethical debates surrounding capital punishment. It examines key legal provisions, significant case laws, and the specific categories of offenders excluded from the death penalty. The presentation also discusses recent recommendations by the Law Commission of India regarding the gradual abolishment of capital punishment, except for terrorism-related offenses. This detailed analysis aims to foster informed discussions on the future of the death penalty in India.
一比一原版林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(monash毕业证书)莫纳什大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(glasgow毕业证书)格拉斯哥大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
一比一原版(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uwgb毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学绿湾分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
It's the Law: Recent Court and Administrative Decisions of Interest
Comparative analysis of ipc and bharitye Naya sahinta
Comparative analysis of ipc and bharitye Naya sahinta
What is law [ MBA Subject ]
- 2. TOPIC 2 INTRODUCTION ,MINOR FREE CONSENT PERSON S DISQUALIFIED BY LAW PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND PARTIES TO CONTRACT MUST BE COMPLICATED TO CONTRACT . EXPLAIN? Law FRAUD MISREPRSENTATON MISTAKE
- 3. 3 Topic And Contents “ PARTIES TO CONTRACT MUST BE COMPETENT TO CONTRACT ” . Persons are Incapable of Competing to a Contract ,- Minor , - Person of unsound mind ,- Person Disqualified by law. INTRODUCTION ,MINOR
- 4. 4 Topic And Contents Fusce a metus leo. Ut dapibus est quis arcu faucibus sagittis. Duis dapibus ac nulla vitae vestibulum. Phasellus sem neque, viverra a is snow ipsum quis, fermentum iaculis risus. Suspendisse tempus neque sit amet ex finind vulputate. Phasellus ac convallis ex, vitae egestas mi. Nulla ac sapien at est vehicula porta suspendisse temp amet ex finind no broblem khanh. PERSONS OF UNSOUND MIND
- 5. 5 A person who is not an Indian citizen is called an alien.Convicts: A convicted person, during the period of imprisonment, cannot enter into a contract. After the imprisonment is over, he becomes capable of entering into a contract. PERSON S DISQUALIFIED BY LAW According to Section 13, " two or more persons are said to be consented when they agree upon the same thing in the same sense. According to Section 14, Consent is said to be free when it is not caused by coercion or undue influence or fraud or misrepresentation or mistake. FREE CONSENT Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing elit vestibulum dignissim nunc nisi, ac scelerisque UNDUE INFLUENCE
- 6. 6 Fraud is a broad term that refers to a variety of offenses involving dishonesty or "fraudulent acts" In essence,Fraud is the intentional deception of a person or entity by another made for monetary or personal gain. Fraud offenses always include some sort of false statement, misrepresentation, or deceitful conduct. FRAUD Misrepresentation is a concept in the contract law of England and some other Commonwealth countries, referring to a false statement of fact made by one party to another party, which has the effect of inducing that party into the contract. MISREPRSENTATON MISTAKE Mistake of law is a legal principle referring to one or more errors that were made by a person in understanding how the applicable law applied to their past activity that is under analysis by a court. In jurisdictions that use the term, it is differentiated from mistake of fact.
- 7. 7 “ PARTIES TO CONTRACT MUST BE COMPETENT TO CONTRACT ” • Indian Contract Act 1872 is the main source of law regulating contracts in Indian law , as subsequently amended. • An agreement becomes a contract if it is entered into between the parties who are competent to contract. Every person is competent to contract • The law generally presumes that everyone has the capacity to contract. But if a party does lack capacity, then the contract is usually voidable and the party without capacity may avoid the contract. • Each contract creates some right and duties upon the contracting parties. Indian contract deals with the enforcement of these rights and duties upon the parties
- 8. 8 “Persons are Incapable of Competing to a Contract” • A minor • Person of unsound mind • Person Disqualified by law
- 9. 9 According to Section 3 of the Indian Majority Act, 1875, :- “A minor is a person who has not completed 18 years of age.” MINOR 1 WHY SHOULD MINORS BE PROTECTED ? A minor has a immature mind and cannot think what is good or bad for him .Minors are often exploited. So he must be protected by law from any exploitation but at the same time, the law must not cause unnecessary hardship to the persons who deal with minors
- 10. 10 Minor’s contact is void. No ratification. Minor as an agent. Minor as a partner. 3 4 21 MINOR 'S AGREEMENTS 5 Minor’s Liability for necessaries. 6 Position of minor’s parents.
- 11. FRAUD 11 Fraud means intentional or wilful representation o fact. When wrong Representation is made by a party with the intention to device the other party or to cause him to enter into a contract, it is said to be fraud .
- 12. ELEMENTS OF FRAUD 12 The fraudulent act must have been committed by a party to the contract There must be a representation or suggestion or assertion of a fact which must be false. There must be active or wilful concealment of a fact
- 13. 13 An act or representation etc. must be done or made with an intention to deceive the other party. If an act or omission has specially been declared by law to be fraudulent, it amounts to fraud. Promise made without intention of performing it
- 14. 14 The representation etc. must relate to a fact. The other party must have been deceived The party acting on the representation must have suffered some loss.
- 15. MISREPRESENTATION 15 MISREPRESENTATION A false representation made with an intention to Induce other party is fraud. But if misrepresentatio is made innocently it resulted only simple misrepresentation. Misrepresentation means misstatement of a fact material to a contract. Misrepresentation is a false statement which the person making it honestly Believes to be true or which he does not know to be false
- 16. Essentials of Misrepresentation 16 • The representation should me made innocently, that is honestly believing it to be true and without the intention of deceiving with the other party • It should be the facts of material to the contract and not to mere opinion or pure say • The representation must be untrue, but the person making it should honestly believe it to be true . • The representation must be made with a view to inducing the other party to enter to a contract and the other party must have acted on the faith of the representation .
- 17. Effect of Misrepresentation 17 02 He may accept the contract, and insist that he shall be put in the position in which he would have been, if the representation made have been true 01 He can rescind .i.e, cancel the contract