This document summarizes a study comparing definitions of happiness from residents of Bolton, England in 1938 and 2014. In 1938, questionnaires were mailed out asking about factors contributing to happiness, how often people felt happy, and other questions. In 2014, a similar study was conducted online and via paper questionnaires. Some key findings were that in 1938, economic security was most important for happiness while in 2014 it was good humor. Religiousness was also ranked lower in 2014. Qualitative analysis found references to activities and family were most common in describing happiness. The study provided insights into how perceptions of happiness have both remained consistent and changed over time.
We've surveyed the British public to find out how people are currently donating to charity and to identify what's changing across the UK's fundraising landscape. Find out more about donation habits and Passive Giving from the people who matter most - your donators.
This document contains a survey asking about a respondent's age, gender, magazine reading habits, music preferences, and willingness to participate in an incentive program. It collects information on the respondent's age range, gender, most frequently read magazines, how much they are willing to spend on magazines, how often they read magazines per week, and their interest in music and willingness to participate in an incentive program.
This questionnaire asks respondents about their music magazine preferences through multiple choice questions. It collects demographic information like gender and age, and asks how often they buy magazines. Additional questions gauge preferences around magazine colors, content interests, cover images, music genres, and celebrities featured on covers. The results will provide insights into what attracts readers and how to design music magazines.
Owen Sound is where summer lives!
We are alive with activities all summer long! We have a great selection of activities
for families and people of all ages and stages. We take great pride in the programs,
services and events offered by the City and our many community partners.
Our partnerships make Owen Sound an exciting, vibrant and community focused
home.
The City of Owen Sound is fortunate to have an amazing natural environment, in
which you can enjoy a leisurely walk, a picnic, or quiet moments relaxing with a
book in one of our many parks, or waterfront locations.
I am condent you will nd something in this guide that will benet you, and
contribute to Owen Sound’s focus as a healthy community.
Have a safe summer, full of adventure and discovery.
Owen Sound IS where summer lives!
The questionnaire results show that of the 4 respondents, 2 were male and 2 were female. Two respondents were between 11-20 years old, and 2 were 50+. All 4 respondents read their local newspapers, with 2 reading every week and 2 every month. All 4 pay between 0-99p for their newspaper, with 3 thinking that's a fair price and 1 thinking £1-1.99 is fair. The top appeals were content (3 respondents) and images (1 respondent). Favorite sections included the humor section (1), entertainment section (1), weather news/forecasts (1), and other (1).
Restarting the regular updates of the Measuring National Well-being dashboard in August 2022 celebrates not only, over 10 years since its creation, but its developments to date. This includes publishing alongside GDP and Climate change insights for the first time to more holistically measure progress in the UK. This milestone gives us an opportunity to reflect on the changes to society during this time and the original 34,000 responses which fed into its design and creation.
With an opening address by Sir Ian Diamond, the National Statistician, this event will launch a consultation to review the measures included in the dashboard and how we communicate these insights.
Why Good Gratitude Boosts Retention, Loyalty and Engagement Bloomerang
https://bloomerang.co/resources/webinars/
Beth Ann Locke will provide stats, real-life examples, and her own tips on how she authentically connects with donor and prospects through thanking.
We've surveyed the British public to find out how people are currently donating to charity and to identify what's changing across the UK's fundraising landscape. Find out more about donation habits and Passive Giving from the people who matter most - your donators.
This document contains a survey asking about a respondent's age, gender, magazine reading habits, music preferences, and willingness to participate in an incentive program. It collects information on the respondent's age range, gender, most frequently read magazines, how much they are willing to spend on magazines, how often they read magazines per week, and their interest in music and willingness to participate in an incentive program.
This questionnaire asks respondents about their music magazine preferences through multiple choice questions. It collects demographic information like gender and age, and asks how often they buy magazines. Additional questions gauge preferences around magazine colors, content interests, cover images, music genres, and celebrities featured on covers. The results will provide insights into what attracts readers and how to design music magazines.
Owen Sound is where summer lives!
We are alive with activities all summer long! We have a great selection of activities
for families and people of all ages and stages. We take great pride in the programs,
services and events offered by the City and our many community partners.
Our partnerships make Owen Sound an exciting, vibrant and community focused
home.
The City of Owen Sound is fortunate to have an amazing natural environment, in
which you can enjoy a leisurely walk, a picnic, or quiet moments relaxing with a
book in one of our many parks, or waterfront locations.
I am condent you will nd something in this guide that will benet you, and
contribute to Owen Sound’s focus as a healthy community.
Have a safe summer, full of adventure and discovery.
Owen Sound IS where summer lives!
The questionnaire results show that of the 4 respondents, 2 were male and 2 were female. Two respondents were between 11-20 years old, and 2 were 50+. All 4 respondents read their local newspapers, with 2 reading every week and 2 every month. All 4 pay between 0-99p for their newspaper, with 3 thinking that's a fair price and 1 thinking £1-1.99 is fair. The top appeals were content (3 respondents) and images (1 respondent). Favorite sections included the humor section (1), entertainment section (1), weather news/forecasts (1), and other (1).
Restarting the regular updates of the Measuring National Well-being dashboard in August 2022 celebrates not only, over 10 years since its creation, but its developments to date. This includes publishing alongside GDP and Climate change insights for the first time to more holistically measure progress in the UK. This milestone gives us an opportunity to reflect on the changes to society during this time and the original 34,000 responses which fed into its design and creation.
With an opening address by Sir Ian Diamond, the National Statistician, this event will launch a consultation to review the measures included in the dashboard and how we communicate these insights.
Why Good Gratitude Boosts Retention, Loyalty and Engagement Bloomerang
https://bloomerang.co/resources/webinars/
Beth Ann Locke will provide stats, real-life examples, and her own tips on how she authentically connects with donor and prospects through thanking.
This document contains a tutor's schedule and lesson plans for English language tutoring sessions. It includes the times for lessons, free talk periods, and notes sections. Sample messages are provided for contacting students before and after lessons. Links to free talk topic sites are listed, as well as a daily schedule with student names and time slots. Questions are given as examples for conversation during free talk periods.
The document contains a collection of random questions on various topics including: jobs and careers, relationships, money, music, books, travel, hypothetical situations, personality traits, behavior, influences, religion, and life purpose. There are over 70 questions in total that could prompt open-ended discussions on values, choices, and perspectives. The questions range from lighthearted to more serious and philosophical in nature.
The document discusses a job advertisement for a "Happiness Director" to lead a new movement launching in September committed to increasing happiness and reducing misery in the world. The director must have a vision for a society motivated by more than just money, and the salary is approximately £80,000.
The Millennial Footprint on Media and EntertainmentWarren Wright
Every generation leaves their footprint on media and entertainment, and it looks like the Millennials’ footprint is likely to be a big one.
Last week at the ThinkLA conference in Los Angeles, I gave a Presentation on this topic. Attending were over 600 executives in the media and entertainment business. Among this group, there is a growing sense of unease about where it’s all going. Long standing business models have been disrupted overnight. In a recent research paper conducted by Ipsos for the Social Media Advertising Consortium, it was reported that 30% of Millennials’ media time (5 hours/day) is now spent with User Generated Content (UGC) created by their friends and peers. Our own research at LifeCourse confirms this. In a recent survey we conducted for twitch.tv, we found that 93% of Millennials go to social networking sites on their smart phones. This compares to 85% of GenXers and only 52% of Boomers. Conventional media like broadcast television is under enormous pressure to stem eroding market share from emerging media, and Millennials are leading this shift.
History shapes generations. Generations shape history.
To understand how Millennials influence these new trends and discern where it is all going, we need to go back in time to the formative years of their childhood, and their coming of age experience– their own history. These early experiences shape their values and beliefs that remain enduring and unique, and can give us a glimpse into the future. Every generation is shaped by their place in history. Aristotle said that history shapes generations, and then generations shape history.
Millennials were raised during a time of increasing parental involvement. We’ve all heard stories of helicopter parents, clearing the way for their child’s success and achievement. Indeed, Millennials were raised to feel special and instilled with an ethic of achievement. Surrounded by a team of parents, teachers, coaches, and tutors, the expectation of individualized attention as well as a trusting support network allowing them to grow and achieve has always been part of the Millennials coming of age story. Role models at an early age encouraged teamwork and cooperation. Do you remember Barney the Dinosaur? I love you, you love me, we’re one big happy family… By contrast, GenXers grew up to learn to fend for themselves– it was a time of declining parental involvement. One of the iconic figures of their coming of age experience was a Muppet who lived in a garbage can– Oscar the Grouch!
Marking the Political Parties - LDA Citizen JuryCitizen Network
Learning Disability Alliance England's Citizen Jury marked the 5 main political parties in England on 2nd April 2015. These are the results. These slides tell you what happened and how the parties were scored.
This document discusses seven truths about why people give to charitable causes. The truths are: 1) People give because they are asked; 2) Giving is emotional and irrational, influenced more by stories than statistics; 3) Giving is personal - people like to help those similar to themselves; 4) Giving is social - people look to others for cues on appropriate donations; 5) People are more moved to help individuals than groups; 6) People prefer giving tangible items over abstract donations; and 7) Giving makes people happy and they want to see themselves as kind and compassionate. The document provides examples and suggestions for how charities can apply these truths to improve fundraising.
This document discusses the seven truths of why people give to charitable causes. The truths are: 1) People give because they are asked; 2) Giving is irrational and emotional; 3) Giving is personal; 4) Giving is social; 5) People are more moved by individual victims than statistics; 6) People like to give something tangible; and 7) Giving makes people happy. The document provides examples and suggestions for how charities can apply these truths to improve fundraising and donations.
Your Side's Regional Forum - Craig Rispin May 30, 2018Craig Rispin
This document discusses various topics related to the future including:
1. Changes in customer expectations over the past 10-30 years including expectations increasing 89% over the last 10 years.
2. The emerging Fourth Industrial Revolution driven by new technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things.
3. How organizations are changing with over 170 startups valued at over $1 billion despite owning no physical assets themselves like Uber and Airbnb.
4. The recurring themes of how new technologies will change healthcare, education and other industries as well as ideas about the future that were predicted in films like Minority Report becoming realities today.
The document discusses improving donor retention rates, which can increase lifetime donations from donors by 150-200% if retention rates increase by 10%. Current donor retention rates are quite low, with 59% of donors from the previous year not donating again. Relationship fundraising that focuses on donor satisfaction, commitment, and trust through communication and impact reporting can help improve retention.
Building Donor Loyalty: What it takes and how your database can help4Good.org
Most nonprofits work so diligently to secure the first gift with little plan for how to develop a deeper relationship with the donor. This personal connection results not only in increased commitment and donor loyalty, but also in as much as doubling the lifetime value of your donors.
This session will explore the fundamentals for creating Donor Loyalty. We will share the latest findings from the Fundraising Effectiveness Project report commissioned by AFP and the Urban Institute. The dismal news in this report can and should be an eye opener for every non-profit engaged in fundraising.
We will also explore the Donor Loyalty principles of Dr. Adrian Sargeant, the world-renowned authority on donor retention and donor loyalty! Dr. Sargeant’s principles are based upon years of research conducted in the sector and can be used by any organization -- whether you are a one-person shop or a large department.
You will be surprised at how simple it can be!
Presentation by Margot Law (National Parks Association) and Ellie Downing (Australian Museum and Australian Citizen Science Association) at the #CitSciOz18 Conference
This document contains a long list of random questions that could be asked in conversation to learn more about a person's opinions, experiences, and values on various topics like work, relationships, happiness, behavior, influence, worship, and life in general. Some of the questions include: if you were offered a good paying job elsewhere, would you take it?; if you found a suitcase with $1 million, what would you do?; what makes you happy?; were you a well-behaved child?; how can friends influence your behavior?; what do you think life is all about?
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to engage.
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to access through other media.
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to engage.
Austin Community Education Winter 2019 - 2020 Brochureisd492
The document is a catalog for winter 2020 classes offered by Austin Community Education. It provides information on registering for classes, lists over 20 classes for adults and families covering topics like health and wellness, art, driving education, and more. The coordinator, Teri Wermager, welcomes people to explore new classes and skills to help the winter pass enjoyably.
Oral test ujian bertutur pt3 exercisesRohana Yahya
Here are some potential topics we could discuss:
1. How to take care of a toilet - Proper cleaning and maintenance helps keep toilets sanitary.
2. Fruits are healthy - Eating fruits provides nutrients and helps maintain a balanced diet.
3. Favorite foods - Different cultures enjoy different cuisines. Food can be an expression of culture.
4. The importance of friends - Friends offer social and emotional support which is important for well-being.
5. Hobbies and interests - Pursuing enjoyable activities can promote happiness, relaxation, and learning new skills.
6. Love and relationships - Close bonds between people help individuals and societies to thrive.
7. Amb
What is a Twarathon. On 18 June 2009 the Isabella Foundation has the intention to raise attention by organising a Twitter Marathon of 42 hours, 19 minutes and 5 seconds. This presentation explains the concept idea of the the Twarathon. Please contact us to sponsor this fundraising program.
Women ages 25-54 reported a variety of personal goals for 2018, most commonly related to health and happiness, finances, and social life. Nearly two-thirds wanted to live a healthier lifestyle or lose weight, while over half aimed to save money or pay off debt. Spending more time with family was also a priority. Additional goals included work/education, travel, and life changes like having a baby. A small percentage, around 9%, cited self-development goals such as reducing stress, building self-confidence, and living more mindfully. The study provides insight into the priorities and aspirations of Australian women ages 25-54 in the new year.
More Related Content
Similar to What is Happiness TIRI Presentation_McHugh.pptx
This document contains a tutor's schedule and lesson plans for English language tutoring sessions. It includes the times for lessons, free talk periods, and notes sections. Sample messages are provided for contacting students before and after lessons. Links to free talk topic sites are listed, as well as a daily schedule with student names and time slots. Questions are given as examples for conversation during free talk periods.
The document contains a collection of random questions on various topics including: jobs and careers, relationships, money, music, books, travel, hypothetical situations, personality traits, behavior, influences, religion, and life purpose. There are over 70 questions in total that could prompt open-ended discussions on values, choices, and perspectives. The questions range from lighthearted to more serious and philosophical in nature.
The document discusses a job advertisement for a "Happiness Director" to lead a new movement launching in September committed to increasing happiness and reducing misery in the world. The director must have a vision for a society motivated by more than just money, and the salary is approximately £80,000.
The Millennial Footprint on Media and EntertainmentWarren Wright
Every generation leaves their footprint on media and entertainment, and it looks like the Millennials’ footprint is likely to be a big one.
Last week at the ThinkLA conference in Los Angeles, I gave a Presentation on this topic. Attending were over 600 executives in the media and entertainment business. Among this group, there is a growing sense of unease about where it’s all going. Long standing business models have been disrupted overnight. In a recent research paper conducted by Ipsos for the Social Media Advertising Consortium, it was reported that 30% of Millennials’ media time (5 hours/day) is now spent with User Generated Content (UGC) created by their friends and peers. Our own research at LifeCourse confirms this. In a recent survey we conducted for twitch.tv, we found that 93% of Millennials go to social networking sites on their smart phones. This compares to 85% of GenXers and only 52% of Boomers. Conventional media like broadcast television is under enormous pressure to stem eroding market share from emerging media, and Millennials are leading this shift.
History shapes generations. Generations shape history.
To understand how Millennials influence these new trends and discern where it is all going, we need to go back in time to the formative years of their childhood, and their coming of age experience– their own history. These early experiences shape their values and beliefs that remain enduring and unique, and can give us a glimpse into the future. Every generation is shaped by their place in history. Aristotle said that history shapes generations, and then generations shape history.
Millennials were raised during a time of increasing parental involvement. We’ve all heard stories of helicopter parents, clearing the way for their child’s success and achievement. Indeed, Millennials were raised to feel special and instilled with an ethic of achievement. Surrounded by a team of parents, teachers, coaches, and tutors, the expectation of individualized attention as well as a trusting support network allowing them to grow and achieve has always been part of the Millennials coming of age story. Role models at an early age encouraged teamwork and cooperation. Do you remember Barney the Dinosaur? I love you, you love me, we’re one big happy family… By contrast, GenXers grew up to learn to fend for themselves– it was a time of declining parental involvement. One of the iconic figures of their coming of age experience was a Muppet who lived in a garbage can– Oscar the Grouch!
Marking the Political Parties - LDA Citizen JuryCitizen Network
Learning Disability Alliance England's Citizen Jury marked the 5 main political parties in England on 2nd April 2015. These are the results. These slides tell you what happened and how the parties were scored.
This document discusses seven truths about why people give to charitable causes. The truths are: 1) People give because they are asked; 2) Giving is emotional and irrational, influenced more by stories than statistics; 3) Giving is personal - people like to help those similar to themselves; 4) Giving is social - people look to others for cues on appropriate donations; 5) People are more moved to help individuals than groups; 6) People prefer giving tangible items over abstract donations; and 7) Giving makes people happy and they want to see themselves as kind and compassionate. The document provides examples and suggestions for how charities can apply these truths to improve fundraising.
This document discusses the seven truths of why people give to charitable causes. The truths are: 1) People give because they are asked; 2) Giving is irrational and emotional; 3) Giving is personal; 4) Giving is social; 5) People are more moved by individual victims than statistics; 6) People like to give something tangible; and 7) Giving makes people happy. The document provides examples and suggestions for how charities can apply these truths to improve fundraising and donations.
Your Side's Regional Forum - Craig Rispin May 30, 2018Craig Rispin
This document discusses various topics related to the future including:
1. Changes in customer expectations over the past 10-30 years including expectations increasing 89% over the last 10 years.
2. The emerging Fourth Industrial Revolution driven by new technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, and the Internet of Things.
3. How organizations are changing with over 170 startups valued at over $1 billion despite owning no physical assets themselves like Uber and Airbnb.
4. The recurring themes of how new technologies will change healthcare, education and other industries as well as ideas about the future that were predicted in films like Minority Report becoming realities today.
The document discusses improving donor retention rates, which can increase lifetime donations from donors by 150-200% if retention rates increase by 10%. Current donor retention rates are quite low, with 59% of donors from the previous year not donating again. Relationship fundraising that focuses on donor satisfaction, commitment, and trust through communication and impact reporting can help improve retention.
Building Donor Loyalty: What it takes and how your database can help4Good.org
Most nonprofits work so diligently to secure the first gift with little plan for how to develop a deeper relationship with the donor. This personal connection results not only in increased commitment and donor loyalty, but also in as much as doubling the lifetime value of your donors.
This session will explore the fundamentals for creating Donor Loyalty. We will share the latest findings from the Fundraising Effectiveness Project report commissioned by AFP and the Urban Institute. The dismal news in this report can and should be an eye opener for every non-profit engaged in fundraising.
We will also explore the Donor Loyalty principles of Dr. Adrian Sargeant, the world-renowned authority on donor retention and donor loyalty! Dr. Sargeant’s principles are based upon years of research conducted in the sector and can be used by any organization -- whether you are a one-person shop or a large department.
You will be surprised at how simple it can be!
Presentation by Margot Law (National Parks Association) and Ellie Downing (Australian Museum and Australian Citizen Science Association) at the #CitSciOz18 Conference
This document contains a long list of random questions that could be asked in conversation to learn more about a person's opinions, experiences, and values on various topics like work, relationships, happiness, behavior, influence, worship, and life in general. Some of the questions include: if you were offered a good paying job elsewhere, would you take it?; if you found a suitcase with $1 million, what would you do?; what makes you happy?; were you a well-behaved child?; how can friends influence your behavior?; what do you think life is all about?
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to engage.
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to access through other media.
Kerrang! is the world's largest weekly music magazine with a circulation of 37,603 and readership of 294,000 in the UK. It primarily targets readers aged 17-24 and has a strong online presence across its website, social media, and other multimedia platforms. The magazine is considered highly influential in music scenes and culture by its readers. Advertisers are attracted to Kerrang! for its ability to reach a younger demographic that is typically difficult to engage.
Austin Community Education Winter 2019 - 2020 Brochureisd492
The document is a catalog for winter 2020 classes offered by Austin Community Education. It provides information on registering for classes, lists over 20 classes for adults and families covering topics like health and wellness, art, driving education, and more. The coordinator, Teri Wermager, welcomes people to explore new classes and skills to help the winter pass enjoyably.
Oral test ujian bertutur pt3 exercisesRohana Yahya
Here are some potential topics we could discuss:
1. How to take care of a toilet - Proper cleaning and maintenance helps keep toilets sanitary.
2. Fruits are healthy - Eating fruits provides nutrients and helps maintain a balanced diet.
3. Favorite foods - Different cultures enjoy different cuisines. Food can be an expression of culture.
4. The importance of friends - Friends offer social and emotional support which is important for well-being.
5. Hobbies and interests - Pursuing enjoyable activities can promote happiness, relaxation, and learning new skills.
6. Love and relationships - Close bonds between people help individuals and societies to thrive.
7. Amb
What is a Twarathon. On 18 June 2009 the Isabella Foundation has the intention to raise attention by organising a Twitter Marathon of 42 hours, 19 minutes and 5 seconds. This presentation explains the concept idea of the the Twarathon. Please contact us to sponsor this fundraising program.
Women ages 25-54 reported a variety of personal goals for 2018, most commonly related to health and happiness, finances, and social life. Nearly two-thirds wanted to live a healthier lifestyle or lose weight, while over half aimed to save money or pay off debt. Spending more time with family was also a priority. Additional goals included work/education, travel, and life changes like having a baby. A small percentage, around 9%, cited self-development goals such as reducing stress, building self-confidence, and living more mindfully. The study provides insight into the priorities and aspirations of Australian women ages 25-54 in the new year.
Similar to What is Happiness TIRI Presentation_McHugh.pptx (20)
2. PSYCHOLOGY CENTRE FOR WORKTOWN STUDIES
What is Happiness?
Definitions from residents
in Bolton In 1938 and 2014
so
Sandie McHugh, Jerome Carson, Julie Prescott,
Emma Entwistle & Charlotte Mackey
s.mchugh@bolton.ac.uk
TIRI Conference - 6th July 2016
5. 1938 Questionnaire
Please return the filled in questionnaire not later than Monday to:-
COMPETITIONS
85 DAVENPORT STREET
BOLTON
so that we can announce the results in Wednesday’s Evening News.
There will be a special extra prize of a £1 for the best questionnaire.
Make the answers YOUR answers, Not the ones you might think we like.
1. The sort of job you have
2. Your age (approximately)
3. How often are you really happy?
4. Please number in order of importance, 1–10, which you think most
important to true happiness of the following, put 1 for the one you
think the most important, 2 for the next, 3 for the third and so on till 10
More equality More politics
More beauty More religion
More leadership and authority More humour
More pleasure More knowledge
More security More action
Which is the easier place to be happy in: Blackpool or Bolton?
Is it easier to be happier weekends or mid-week or is it all
the same to you?
Has luck anything to do with happiness – if so, what?
OK, FILL IN. SEND IN. THEN WAIT FOR THE NEWS
6. What is Happiness in Bolton 2014
We team up
with University
of Bolton to
repeat 1938
experiment
• Web survey (305)
• Paper questionnaires
(184)
7. 1938– 10 aspects of happiness
adapted for 2014
More equality More politics
More beauty More religion
More leadership & authority More good humour
More leisure pleasure More knowledge
More economic security More action
8. EXTRACT from 2014 questionnaire
Please number in order of importance, 1-10, which of the following is most important to true happiness
(1 for the most important, 2 the next important and so on until 10 for the least important)
More Equality More Politics
More Religion More Leisure
More beauty More Good Humour
More leadership More Knowledge
More action More economic security
How often would you describe yourself as really happy? (please tick one)
Every day? Several times a week? A few times a month? rarely ever?
Do you find it easier to be happy at weekends or weekdays or is it all the same to you?
Is Luck anything to do with happiness? (please tick one)
Yes No
If So What?
What are the things in your life that make you the happiest?
9. Happiness Questionnaire 2014
• 2014 additional question
• Do you think that happiness is linked to
material possessions and wealth? Y/N
Instead of letters, we asked for comments:-
• What are the things in your life that make
you the happiest?
10. What was happening in 1938? Effect on Happiness of External Events?
.
Hitler drives into
Vienna
Franco wins
Crucial
Battle in Spain
British volunteers
Basque refugee children
in Bolton
Top rate Income Tax
raised to 5s 6d
Britain pledges to
defend France and
Belgium.
11. What was happening in 2014?
Cost of living crisis – high prices for fuel – budget deficit
British troops in Afghanistan – frequent casualties
12. What affects happiness? External world? Internal consciousness?
Bolton in the 1930’s
Population of 177,000.
200 churches and
chapels.
No welfare state.
Education to age 14
13. What affects happiness? External world? Internal
consciousness
Bolton in 2014
Population 279,000
(2009 88% white, 10% Asian)
81 places of worship.
Welfare State
Free health care
Education to age 18
University loans &
bursaries
14. Bolton in the 1930’s - heavy industry – mining – engineering
Unemployment 17% male, 12% female
15. What affects happiness? External world? Internal consciousness?
Bolton in the 1930’s – industry – 216 cotton mills (1929)
)
After work 47 Cinemas 6 Dance Halls 300 pubs
16. Bolton in the 21st century – industry high-tech - data processing, electronics &
IT – call centres
2014 - Unemployment 4%. Workless households 16%
17. Bolton in the 21st century Service economy - Retail & education
After work:- 7 leisure centres , Octagon theatre, 2 cinemas, 104 pubs ,10 night clubs
18. Characteristics of respondents in 1938 and 2014
1938
• 58% female
• 23% employed textiles
• 6% clerks & draughtsmen
• 28% retired or housewives
Gazeley, I. & Langhamer, C. (2012
Wrote letters on what
Happiness meant to them
2014
• 65% female
• 61% employed
• 7% self-employed
• 28% retired or house/care
• Mean Age 44
Commented on what
happiness meant to them
19. Worktown Happiness Questionnaire 1938 & 2014
• To rank in order the 10 factors important for true
happiness with guidance on meaning
• Asked to describe how often they were happy:- Every
day, several times a week, a few times a month,
rarely ever.
• Asked if it was easier to be happy at home in Bolton
or Blackpool ( away).
• State if it easier to be happier at weekends,
weekdays or the same.
• Asked if happiness was connected to “luck”
20. Comparison of rankings of Aspects of happiness 1938 and 2014
Aspects of Happiness 1938 Aspects of Happiness 2014
1 More Economic Security 1 More Good Humour
2 More Knowledge 2 More Economic Security
3 More Religion 3 More Leisure
4 More Good Humour 4 More Knowledge
5 More Equality 5 More Equality
6 More Beauty 6 More Beauty
7 More Action 7 More Action
8 More Leisure 8 More Leadership
9 More Leadership 9 More Politics
10 More Politics 10 More Religion
21. Gazeley, I. & Langhamer, C. (2012)
1938 Happier weekdays, weekend, or all the same?
(n203) 2% weekdays, 26% weekends, 72% same
72%
26%
2%
Same Weekends Weekdays
Happier time of week 1938
Time of week
22. Gazeley, I. & Langhamer, C. (2012)
2014 Happier weekdays, weekend, or all the same?
(n486) 4% weekdays, 39% weekends, 57% same
57%
39%
4%
Same Weekends Weekdays
Happier time of week 2014
Time of week
23. How often would you describe yourself as really happy?
Percentage of 1938 participants (n=138) in each category.
25
55
11
9
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Every Day
Several tx wk
Few month
rarely
24. How often would you describe yourself as really happy?
Percentage of 2014 participants (n=487) in each category.
24
48
21
6
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Every Day
Several tx wk
Few month
rarely
25. Place and happiness - 1938 Are you happiest in Blackpool or Bolton?
• Special Dance trains – inclusive rail/ballroom tickets at 2/6d from Bolton
to Blackpool for worktowners to “let their hair down”. Clewlow, S.A., (2010)
75%
25%
In Bolton Away Bolton
Place Happiest (n385)
% Place happiest (n = 135)
Gazeley, I. & Langhamer, C. (2012)
26. 2014 Are you happiest in Bolton or away from Bolton?
Do you find it easier to be happier when you at home in Bolton or on
holiday or staying away from Bolton?
39%
61%
In Bolton Away Bolton
Place Happiest (n385)
Place happiest (n = 385)
27. Is luck anything to do with happiness?
• 1938
• 2/5ths (40%) believed luck
played a part in happiness.
Mass Observation interested in
superstition – study of Football
Pools. (Gazeley & Langhamer (2012), p.176
• 2014
• 40.6% yes it does (n = 456).
• Comments indicate life
chances more than lottery?
28. Does material wealth = happiness 1938, 2014?
2014 - 77% (n487) said NO to.
Do you think that your happiness is directly linked to the
amount of material possessions and wealth that you have?
“…..and simple things like going out for a
walk with the dog etc. you don’t need tons
of material things to be happy”
29. Discussion Material Wealth and happiness
• Material wealth can increase perceptions of happiness
Van Boven & Gilovich (2003) purchase of experiences makes
people happier (holidays, sports, trips).
Shrum (2012) material aspirations can make people happier
If motivated by intrinsic goals – affiliation, pride and self
reward.
30. Why use primary source – letters & written comments?
• Letters/comments from 1938 & 2014 –
qualitative data.
• Historical primary data.
• Newspapers, books of period give view of
journalist/author. Official documents – policy.
Secondary data.
• Individual accounts from two periods give us a
unique insight into similarities and contrasts in
the experience of happiness that have occurred
in Bolton over 76 years.
31. Descriptions of happiness by 1938 participants
% of participants Coded comment categories. Many would mention
more than 1 category total above 100.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
35
27 27
21 20
15 15 14
12
Comments
32. Descriptions of happiness by 2014 participants
% of participants Coded comment categories. Many would mention
more than 1 category – so total will be larger than 100.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70 63
52
33 31
18
12 11
Comments
33. Examples from 2014 data ACTIVITIES– largest category – 306
references
• Leisure activities such as theatre, live music,
restaurants, keeping fit.
• My hobbies, the ability to do what I want when I
want.
• A good holiday, cultural experiences.
• Time in nature, my allotment and chickens.
34. Examples from 1938 data ACTIVITIES 27 references
• Films. Wireless music and talks.
• Walking, gardening, cycling, swimming tennis and dancing.
• A tramp over the hills in company of friends.
• Musical selections played on Organs in Churches and
Cathedrals and the Wireless.
35. Examples from 1938 data CONTENTMENT 60 references
• I do not possess a great deal of this world’s goods, but I
can truly say, nobody is more happier or contented than
myself.
• To be happy you must be content.
• Contentment with our lot and making the best of it.
36. Examples from 2014 data CONTENTMENT – ONLY 10 references
contentment linked to other things.
• Happy at home and work and contentment.
• Happiness comes from within you. Contentment.
• My family, a secure job and general contentment.
37. 1938 Frank’s description
Happiness is a state of mind and
attitude……..most of which are within your
own control (2014)
What is Happiness? A state of mind?
38. Examples from 1938 data FAMILY & OTHERS
• When I come home from the pit and see my kiddies and wife I
am happy.
• What happiness – God’s love, children’s love and a dear
husband’s.
• Happiness is a state of one’s mind when you help others.
Loving one’s neighbour as thyself.
• Willingness to help others, cheerfulness in sickness and
poverty, sympathy and help for others in trouble.
39. Examples from 2014 data FAMILY & FRIENDS
• Spending time with my partner.
• My children and family and spending time in our
lovely home together.
• Spending time with friends and family especially in
the great outdoors.
• Meeting and eating with friends
40. Summary
• Quantitative data – from 1938 & 2014 questionnaires.
1938 economic security rated highest aspect of happiness,
second in 2014 with Good humour at top. Leisure rose from 8th
to 3rd and, religion dropped from 3rd in 1938 to 10th in 2014.
Majority were happier away from Bolton in 2014.
Majority were happy several times a week in both periods.
Same percentage (40%) considered that luck did affect
happiness.
More residents rated weekends as more important for happiness
(39% in 2014, 26% 1938)
41. Summary
• Qualitative data – from 1938 Worktown letters &
comments from 2014 questionnaire.
• Primary data – personal letters/comments gives
valuable insight into perceptions & experience of
ordinary people’s happiness
• Frequency of references – most - in 1938 peace of
mind and contentment whilst in 2014 – activities.
Family second most references in both periods.
42. Thank you for Listening
Sandie McHugh,
S.McHugh@bolton.ac.uk
Professor Jerome Carson,
J.Carson@bolton.ac.uk
Dr Julie Prescott
Emma Entwistle
Charlotte Mackey
43. References
• Clewlow, S.A., From Bolton to Blackpool. (2010 unpublished paper, to obtain a
copy contact the author - saclewlow@yahoo.com)
• Gazely, I & Langhamer, C. (2013) The meanings of happiness in Mass Observation’s
Bolton. History Workshop Journal, Spring, 75, 1, 159-189.
• Harrisson, T., Madge, C. (1939 reprinted 2009). Britain (Mass Observation social
Surveys) by Faber and Faber.
• McHugh, S., Carson, J. (2016) Happiness Then and Now . The Psychologist. 29(5)
406-407.
• McHugh, S., Carson, J. (2014) The Changing Nature of Happiness. History Today.
• 64 (12) 4-5.
• McHugh, S., Snape, R., Carson, J., Howarth, J. (2016) Everyday Leisure and
Happiness in Worktown. A comparison of 1938 and 2014. In review for
publication in World Leisure Journal.
• Shrum, L.J., Wong, N; Arif, F. et al. (2012). Reconceptualising materialism as
identity goal pursuits. Functions, processes, and consequences. Journal of
Business Research. Doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2012 .08.010
• Van Boven, L. & Gilovich, T. (2003). To do or to have? That is the question. Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology. 85(6) 1193-1202
44. Related references
• Borrero, D., Escobar, A.B., Cortess, A.M., Maya, L.C. (2013). Poor and distressed,
but happy: situational and cultural moderators of the relationship between wealth and
happiness. Estudois Gerenciales 29. 2-11.
• Dolan, P., Peasgood, T., White, M. (2008). Do we really know what makes us
happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with economic
well-being. Journal of Economic Psychology 29, 94-122
• Easterlin, R.A. (2006). Life cycle happiness and its sources. Intersections of
psychology, economics, and demography. Journal of Economic Psychology 27, 463-
482.
• Hinton, J., (2013) The Mass Observers: A History, 1937-1949 Oxford University
Press.
• Hall, D., (2015). Worktown: The Astonishing Story of the Project that launched Mass
Observation Weidenfield & Nicholson.
• Kahneman, D (2012) In conversation with Lord Richard Layard at the LSE. The
Psychologist, vol 25 (1),14-15.
• Kasser, T (2003) The High Price of Materialism. Cambridge, MA, MIT press
• Office for National Statistics. Measuring National Well-Being : European
Comparisons 2014.
• Priestley, J.B., English Journey, London. Paperback Mandarin 1994).
• Skidelsky, R. & Skidelsky, E., (2012). How Much is Enough ? The Love of Money,
and the Case for the Good Life. Penguin
• Walton, J.K., (1986), Lancashire, A Social History, 1558-1939. (Manchester
University Press ).