1. A description of the rules that govern the
structure of a language.
A set of principles of a language and the
right use and application of those principles
in speech or writing.

2. Descriptive grammar: attempts to
describe the grammatical constructions that
are used in a language objectively.
Prescriptive grammar: lays down
rules governing the socially correct
use of language.

4. MORPHOLOGY: concerned with the study of
the internal structure of words. (stem, affixes)
SYNTAX: concerned with the study of how
words and their components parts combine to
form larger units such as phrases, clauses and
sentences.
PHONETICS: concerned with the study of
the sounds of speech.
PHONOLOGY: concerned with the study
of sound patterns in languages.

5. SEMANTICS: concerned with the
systems of meanings of words.
PRAGMATICS: concerned with the
purposes of communication.