The document discusses operating systems and their key functions. It defines an operating system as software that manages computer hardware and resources, providing a platform to run applications. The main functions of an operating system are managing resources, providing a user interface, facilitating communication between applications and hardware, and ensuring security. Key components of an operating system are the kernel, file system, device drivers, user interface, and APIs. Memory management is also discussed, including allocation, virtual memory, and protection.

1. OPERATING
SYSTEM

2. CONTENT
* Introduction
* What is operating system ?
* Function of operating system
*Operating System Components
*Memory management

3. Introduction
Operating systems are the backbone
of modern computing, controlling
hardware and software resources to
enable user interaction.This
presentation will explore the evolution
of operating systems from
mainframes to modern computing.

4. What is operating
system?
An operating system (OS) is a software
that manages computer hardware
and software resources,providing a
platform for running applications.
Operating systems play a crucial role
in modern computing by facilitating
efficient resource management,
providing a user-friendly interface,
and ensuring the security and
protection of data.

5. Functions of an
Operating System
1.Managing hardware and
software resources.
2.Providing a user interface.
3.Facilitating communication
between applications and hardware.
4.Ensuring security and protection of
data.

6. Operating System Components
1. Kernel:
- The core of the operating system that interacts directly with hardware, manages
resources, and provides essential services to other system components.
2. File System:
- Manages the organization, storage, and retrieval of files on secondary storage devices
such as hard drives or SSDs.
3. Device Drivers:
- Software components that enable communication between the operating system and
hardware devices, allowing the OS to control and utilize hardware resources eIectively.
4. User Interface:
- Provides a means for users to interact with the operating system, either through a
command-line interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI).
5. Application
Programming Interface (API):
- A set of software tools and protocols that allow developers to create applications that
run on top of the operating system, accessing its services and functionalities.

7. Memory Management
The operating system plays a crucial role in managing
computer memory efficiently for optimal performance and
resource allocation.
- Memory allocation and deallocation:
- The OS assigns memory space to processes and manages
their allocation and deallocation as per their requirements.
- Virtual memory and paging techniques:
- Operating systems use virtual memory to allow processes to
use more memory than physically available, utilizing disk
space as an extension of main memory.
- Memory protection and addressing:
- The OS ensures memory protection by enforcing access
controls, preventing unauthorized access to memory regions.
It also manages memory addressing to enable efficient
memory access.

8. Conclusion
- Operating systems are fundamental to modern computing,
enabling efficient resource management, providing user-
friendly interfaces,and ensuring data security.
- Understanding operating systems is crucial for both end-
users and developers,allowing them to make informed
decisions and develop software that utilizes the OS effectively.
Name -
Akshita Sharma
Class - VIII B
Roll no - 0 4