Encryption works by using keys to scramble data so that it can only be unscrambled by those with the correct key. There are two main types: symmetric key encryption which uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt but requires secure distribution of keys, and public key encryption which uses separate public and private keys allowing secure communication without pre-sharing keys. Popular implementations of public key encryption include SSL and TLS which power secure internet connections using digital certificates to verify identities.

1. How Encryption Works
When we use the internet, we're not always just clicking around
and passively taking in information, such as reading news
articles or blog posts The incredible growth of the Internet has
excited businesses and consumers alike with its promise of
changing the way we live and work. It's extremely easy to buy
and sell goods all over the world while sitting in front of a
laptop. But security is a major concern on the Internet,
especially when you're using it to send sensitive information
between parties.

2. Security Encryption Systems
Computer encryption is based on the science of cryptography,
which has been used as long as humans have wanted to keep
information secret. Before the digital age, the biggest users of
cryptography were governments, particularly for military
purposes.

3. Symmetric Key
In symmetric-key encryption, each computer has a secret
key (code) that it can use to encrypt a packet of information
before it is sent over the network to another computer.
Symmetric-key requires that you know which computers will be
talking to each other so you can install the key on each one.
Symmetric-key encryption is essentially the same as a secret
code that each of the two computers must know in order to
decode the information. The code provides the key to decoding
the message.
The same goes for computers, but, of course, the keys are usually
much longer. The first major symmetric algorithm developed for
computers in the United States was the Data Encryption Standard
(DES), approved for use in the 1970s. The DES uses a 56-bit ke

4. Public Key Encryption
One of the weaknesses some point out about symmetric key encryption is that two users
attempting to communicate with each other need a secure way to do so; otherwise, an
attacker can easily pluck the necessary data from the stream. In November 1976, a paper
published in the journal IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, titled "New Directions in
Cryptography," addressed this problem and offered up a solution: public-key encryption.
Also known as asymmetric-key encryption, public-key encryption uses two different keys
at once -- a combination of a private key and a public key. The private key is known only to
your computer, while the public key is given by your computer to any computer that wants
to communicate securely with it. To decode an encrypted message, a computer must use
the public key, provided by the originating computer, and its own private key.
To implement public-key encryption on a large scale, such as a secure Web
server might need, requires a different approach. This is where digital
certificates come in. A digital certificate is basically a unique piece of code or a
large number that says that the Web server is trusted by an independent source
known as a certificate authority. It confirms that each computer is in fact who
it says it is, and then provides the public keys of each computer to the other.

5. SSL and TLS
A popular implemention of public-key encryption is the Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL). Originally developed by Netscape, SSL is
an Internet security protocol used by Internet browsers and
Web servers to transmit sensitive information. SSL has become
part of an overall security protocol known as Transport Layer
Security (TLS).

6. How Encryption Works
The key in public-key encryption is based on a hash value. This
is a value that is computed from a base input number using a
hashing algorithm. Essentially, the hash value is a summary of
the original value. The important thing about a hash value is
that it is nearly impossible to derive the original input number
without knowing the data used to create the hash value. For
example, there is a input number, it is 10,667, hashing
algorithm is input # x 143, hash value is 1,525,381. From these
data, we can see how hard it would be to determine that the
value 1,525,381 came from the multiplication of 10,667 and
143.