There are three main types of CSS: inline CSS, internal CSS, and external CSS. Inline CSS is defined within HTML elements, internal CSS is defined within the <style> tags in the <head> section of an HTML page, and external CSS is defined in a separate .css file. There are also five positioning schemes in CSS: static, relative, fixed, absolute, and sticky. The position property sets how elements are positioned, with static being the default flow of the document and the others allowing elements to be offset relative to their normal position.