The document discusses the history and techniques of investigative journalism. It provides definitions for different types of investigative reporting such as original investigative reporting and reporting on investigations. It also discusses challenges that can arise in investigative reporting like relying too heavily on investigatory sources or becoming activists rather than independent observers. A key part of the document is a case study about the New York Times' coverage of Wen Ho Lee and the accusation that he stole nuclear secrets for China. It reflects on aspects of the coverage that could have been improved by considering alternative explanations and perspectives earlier.