This document discusses various international business strategies such as exporting, franchising, licensing, subcontracting, joint ownership, and direct investment. It also provides opinions on which strategies would be best for expanding a business internationally. Specifically, it recommends exporting products to other countries in order to gain more sales and expand the business. It also suggests product adaptation, which involves changing a product so it can be used in different markets and by various customer types.
Discuss the importance of recognizing and implementing different ent.pdfjyothimuppasani1
Discuss the importance of recognizing and implementing different entry strategies and
organizational arrangements which result in shared control and oversight through collaborative
relationships
Solution
Entry strategies are explained as a well planned method through which the company decide to
delivery its good and services to the targeted market.
The different types of market entry strategies and organizational arrangement and its importance
are discussed below:
1 .Exporting: when goods/Product are produced in one country and marketed in another country
then it is known as exporting.
2. Licensing: When a firm permit the company operating in another company to use its
manufacturing process, copyrights, and trademark with specific and determined payment.
3. Franchising: It’s an agreement between two companies, where a company (the franchiser)
gives all its rights to another company (the franchisee) to use its trademark, manufacturing
process and market to certain specification.
4. Joint venturing: In this two companies or investors share ownership and control over the
finance and operations of the firm.
5. Contract Manufacturing: In this the company operating in foreign countries gets into contract
to with the country operating there for manufacturing or assembling of the product.
6. Merger & Acquisitions: It is defined as restructuring of organization, for positive growth and
value. Merger means to ‘merge’ in which two companies legally merge into one into one entity,
whereas an acquisition means when one company takes over another and completely become
new owner.
All the entry strategies discussed above results in shared control through collaborative
relationships..
1Chapter 4Marketing 4220 International Sourcing, Logisti.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Chapter 4
Marketing 4220
International Sourcing, Logistics
& Transportation
Methods of Entry Into Foreign Markets
5/21/2015
1
Methods of Entry Into
Foreign Markets
Entering A New Market
Indirect Exporting
Active Exporting
Production Abroad
Other Issues
2
Entering a New Market
Determining the appropriate method to enter a new market depends on several factors:
Size and growth of the market
Potential market share of the exporter
Type of product and marketing strategy of the exporter
Willingness of the exporter to get involved
Characteristics of the importing country
Time horizon considered
Entering a New Market
The company must decide whether market factors favor
Manufacturing abroad
Manufacturing at home
Active Exporting
Indirect Exporting
Entering a New Market
Active Exporting
Exporter actively participates in finding potential markets abroad.
Best option for large firms or firms with international experience.
Indirect Exporting
Exporter does not seek export sales.
Allows manufacturer to concentrate on domestic market and leave exporting to the experts.
Indirect Exporting
Export Trading Companies
Export Management Corporations
Piggy Backing
6
6
Export Trading
Company
An Export Trading Company [ETC] is a firm with offices in multiple countries that purchases goods in one country and resells them in another.
For the “exporter” selling to the ETC, as well as for the “importer” buying from the ETC, the transactions are domestic transactions, even though the goods eventually travel internationally.
Historically, the first ETCs were created in Britain, France, and the Netherlands to facilitate trade with India and Indochina. They were then created in Spain and Portugal for trade in South America. Following World War II, ETCs became popular in Japan as the country began to trade with the outside world. Today, they are almost exclusively Japanese: Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Marubeni, Itochu, etc.
Export Trading Company
ETC
in Country A
ETC
in Country B
Country A
Country B
Firm 1
Firm 2
ETC
Export Management
Corporation
An Export Management Corporation [EMC] is normally located in the exporting country.
The EMC acts as a representative for the exporter abroad, but never takes title to the goods; it acts as a facilitator helping the exporter find buyers and earns a commission on the sale.
A sale through an EMC requires more exporter involvement; it has to ship the goods, invoice the importer, carry the risk of non-payment and has to manage parts of the transaction.
Export Management Corporation
Exporter
Importer
EMC
Exporting Country
Pays a
commission
Sells
Payment
Importing Country
Goods
Piggy Backing
Piggy-backing refers to the possibility of a small firm piggy-backing on another firm’s efforts to enter a foreign market.
For example:
A firm’s custom ...
Need and Advantages of White Label AgreementITIO Innovex
In conclusion, the need for White Label Agreements is evident in the ever-evolving business landscape, especially if you want to start your own payment gateway business. Visit us at: https://itio.in/
Discuss the importance of recognizing and implementing different ent.pdfjyothimuppasani1
Discuss the importance of recognizing and implementing different entry strategies and
organizational arrangements which result in shared control and oversight through collaborative
relationships
Solution
Entry strategies are explained as a well planned method through which the company decide to
delivery its good and services to the targeted market.
The different types of market entry strategies and organizational arrangement and its importance
are discussed below:
1 .Exporting: when goods/Product are produced in one country and marketed in another country
then it is known as exporting.
2. Licensing: When a firm permit the company operating in another company to use its
manufacturing process, copyrights, and trademark with specific and determined payment.
3. Franchising: It’s an agreement between two companies, where a company (the franchiser)
gives all its rights to another company (the franchisee) to use its trademark, manufacturing
process and market to certain specification.
4. Joint venturing: In this two companies or investors share ownership and control over the
finance and operations of the firm.
5. Contract Manufacturing: In this the company operating in foreign countries gets into contract
to with the country operating there for manufacturing or assembling of the product.
6. Merger & Acquisitions: It is defined as restructuring of organization, for positive growth and
value. Merger means to ‘merge’ in which two companies legally merge into one into one entity,
whereas an acquisition means when one company takes over another and completely become
new owner.
All the entry strategies discussed above results in shared control through collaborative
relationships..
1Chapter 4Marketing 4220 International Sourcing, Logisti.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Chapter 4
Marketing 4220
International Sourcing, Logistics
& Transportation
Methods of Entry Into Foreign Markets
5/21/2015
1
Methods of Entry Into
Foreign Markets
Entering A New Market
Indirect Exporting
Active Exporting
Production Abroad
Other Issues
2
Entering a New Market
Determining the appropriate method to enter a new market depends on several factors:
Size and growth of the market
Potential market share of the exporter
Type of product and marketing strategy of the exporter
Willingness of the exporter to get involved
Characteristics of the importing country
Time horizon considered
Entering a New Market
The company must decide whether market factors favor
Manufacturing abroad
Manufacturing at home
Active Exporting
Indirect Exporting
Entering a New Market
Active Exporting
Exporter actively participates in finding potential markets abroad.
Best option for large firms or firms with international experience.
Indirect Exporting
Exporter does not seek export sales.
Allows manufacturer to concentrate on domestic market and leave exporting to the experts.
Indirect Exporting
Export Trading Companies
Export Management Corporations
Piggy Backing
6
6
Export Trading
Company
An Export Trading Company [ETC] is a firm with offices in multiple countries that purchases goods in one country and resells them in another.
For the “exporter” selling to the ETC, as well as for the “importer” buying from the ETC, the transactions are domestic transactions, even though the goods eventually travel internationally.
Historically, the first ETCs were created in Britain, France, and the Netherlands to facilitate trade with India and Indochina. They were then created in Spain and Portugal for trade in South America. Following World War II, ETCs became popular in Japan as the country began to trade with the outside world. Today, they are almost exclusively Japanese: Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Marubeni, Itochu, etc.
Export Trading Company
ETC
in Country A
ETC
in Country B
Country A
Country B
Firm 1
Firm 2
ETC
Export Management
Corporation
An Export Management Corporation [EMC] is normally located in the exporting country.
The EMC acts as a representative for the exporter abroad, but never takes title to the goods; it acts as a facilitator helping the exporter find buyers and earns a commission on the sale.
A sale through an EMC requires more exporter involvement; it has to ship the goods, invoice the importer, carry the risk of non-payment and has to manage parts of the transaction.
Export Management Corporation
Exporter
Importer
EMC
Exporting Country
Pays a
commission
Sells
Payment
Importing Country
Goods
Piggy Backing
Piggy-backing refers to the possibility of a small firm piggy-backing on another firm’s efforts to enter a foreign market.
For example:
A firm’s custom ...
Need and Advantages of White Label AgreementITIO Innovex
In conclusion, the need for White Label Agreements is evident in the ever-evolving business landscape, especially if you want to start your own payment gateway business. Visit us at: https://itio.in/
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
www.seribangash.com
Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
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2. Exporting
Exporting is when your business sends
products out of the country into other
countries. You do this to get more sells and
to expand your business
3. Franchising
Franchising is when you sell your business
brand, logo, and products to a third party so
they can start their own business.
4. Licensing
Agreement that grants foreign marketers the
right to distribute a firm’s merchandise or to
use its trademark, patent, or process in
specified geographic area
7. Direct Investment
Investment in a business enterprise in a
country other than the investory’s country
designed to acquire a controlling interest in
the foregin business enterprise
8. My Choice
I think that he should export the product to
other countries because if the license it to a
certain area, then they would lose customers,
and as a business you want as many as
possible
9. Extension Strategy
It is used to increase the market share of the
product. This can happen by changing the
product or rebranding it
11. My choice
I would pick product adaptation because you
can adapt the product to your foreign market
and any customers that need a change
12. What not to do
I would not do the extension strategy. I
wouldn’t do this because it would involve
changing the product, and I feel that the
product is fine how it is