This document provides a summary of the contents and chapters of the book "The Competitive Effects of Minority Shareholdings". It examines minority shareholdings from both a legal and economic perspective under EU merger control and antitrust laws. The 10 chapters discuss topics such as the economics of minority shareholdings, relevant case law, and analysis of the Commission's guidelines on minority shareholdings. The book aims to provide a comprehensive survey of issues regarding minority shareholdings in mergers and antitrust that has been lacking.
This document provides information about the British Coatings Federation (BCF), a trade association representing the UK coatings, paints, printing inks and wallcoverings industry. It details the BCF's roles in regulatory affairs support, training, and promoting the industry's interests. It also outlines some of the public affairs priorities for 2020, including the potential classification of titanium dioxide as carcinogenic and issues around the EU's proposed poison centers regulation. The document includes statistics on the UK coatings supply chain and industry sales, and provides an overview of the BCF team and membership benefits.
The document provides information about the British Coatings Federation (BCF):
- The BCF is the UK trade association representing manufacturers of decorative coatings, printing inks, powder coatings, and industrial coatings. It has 144 members representing over 95% of the UK market.
- The BCF lobbies on regulatory issues important to the industry such as the classification of titanium dioxide and proposed EU regulations on poison centers. It also provides business support, training, and a forum for industry discussions.
- The UK coatings supply chain employs over 300,000 people across manufacturing, distribution, application, and printing. The BCF membership has more than doubled since 2010.
This document provides an overview of the British Coatings Federation (BCF) and the UK coatings industry. It summarizes the key sectors and economic contributions of the coatings supply chain in the UK. It also outlines the BCF's roles, priorities, and membership benefits. Specifically, it notes that the BCF champions sustainability in the coatings industry and provides regulatory support, training, and business resources for its members, which include over 300,000 employees across coatings manufacturing, distribution, application, and related sectors in the UK.
Global and chinese iodopropynyl butylcarbamate industry, 2018 market research...Reports_express
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate Market Research Report, identifies new revenue opportunity in Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate industry. The report aims at estimating the market size and future growth of the Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate market based on offering, process, application, vertical, and region.
Report @ http://www.prof-research.com
This presentation by Hungary was prepared for the break-out Session 1, “Quantitative Evidence”, in the discussion “Economic Analysis in Merger Investigations” at the 19th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 9 December 2020. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at http://oe.cd/eami.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Letter to National Transport Authority | 15.12.10ibus plc
The letter outlines plans by ibus plc to create a new national passenger transport network in Ireland that would link with Europe and stimulate the Irish economy. An economic analysis is being conducted on the impact of a proposed National Bus Terminus on job creation and economic activity. The research will also examine the effects on consumers of an open bus network serving multiple routes. In addition, the economic feasibility of a rail tunnel between Ireland and the UK is being investigated as part of connecting Ireland to continental Europe. ibus plc has engaged an economist to analyze these economic impacts and a report is expected in April 2011.
This document provides a summary of the contents and chapters of the book "The Competitive Effects of Minority Shareholdings". It examines minority shareholdings from both a legal and economic perspective under EU merger control and antitrust laws. The 10 chapters discuss topics such as the economics of minority shareholdings, relevant case law, and analysis of the Commission's guidelines on minority shareholdings. The book aims to provide a comprehensive survey of issues regarding minority shareholdings in mergers and antitrust that has been lacking.
This document provides information about the British Coatings Federation (BCF), a trade association representing the UK coatings, paints, printing inks and wallcoverings industry. It details the BCF's roles in regulatory affairs support, training, and promoting the industry's interests. It also outlines some of the public affairs priorities for 2020, including the potential classification of titanium dioxide as carcinogenic and issues around the EU's proposed poison centers regulation. The document includes statistics on the UK coatings supply chain and industry sales, and provides an overview of the BCF team and membership benefits.
The document provides information about the British Coatings Federation (BCF):
- The BCF is the UK trade association representing manufacturers of decorative coatings, printing inks, powder coatings, and industrial coatings. It has 144 members representing over 95% of the UK market.
- The BCF lobbies on regulatory issues important to the industry such as the classification of titanium dioxide and proposed EU regulations on poison centers. It also provides business support, training, and a forum for industry discussions.
- The UK coatings supply chain employs over 300,000 people across manufacturing, distribution, application, and printing. The BCF membership has more than doubled since 2010.
This document provides an overview of the British Coatings Federation (BCF) and the UK coatings industry. It summarizes the key sectors and economic contributions of the coatings supply chain in the UK. It also outlines the BCF's roles, priorities, and membership benefits. Specifically, it notes that the BCF champions sustainability in the coatings industry and provides regulatory support, training, and business resources for its members, which include over 300,000 employees across coatings manufacturing, distribution, application, and related sectors in the UK.
Global and chinese iodopropynyl butylcarbamate industry, 2018 market research...Reports_express
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate Market Research Report, identifies new revenue opportunity in Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate industry. The report aims at estimating the market size and future growth of the Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate market based on offering, process, application, vertical, and region.
Report @ http://www.prof-research.com
This presentation by Hungary was prepared for the break-out Session 1, “Quantitative Evidence”, in the discussion “Economic Analysis in Merger Investigations” at the 19th OECD Global Forum on Competition on 9 December 2020. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found at http://oe.cd/eami.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
Letter to National Transport Authority | 15.12.10ibus plc
The letter outlines plans by ibus plc to create a new national passenger transport network in Ireland that would link with Europe and stimulate the Irish economy. An economic analysis is being conducted on the impact of a proposed National Bus Terminus on job creation and economic activity. The research will also examine the effects on consumers of an open bus network serving multiple routes. In addition, the economic feasibility of a rail tunnel between Ireland and the UK is being investigated as part of connecting Ireland to continental Europe. ibus plc has engaged an economist to analyze these economic impacts and a report is expected in April 2011.
This document summarizes the main draw singles and doubles events for the WTA International tennis tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. It lists the seeded players and results from rounds 1-4 in singles and 1st round in doubles. Prize money amounts are provided for placements in singles and doubles.
This document provides the draw information for the WTA International tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. Timea Bacsinszky was the number 1 seed in singles. In doubles, Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja were the number 1 seeds. Prize money amounts are listed for each round of singles and doubles competition. Urszula Radwanska withdrew due to a back injury, while Laura Siegemund and Oceane Dodin replaced two players who withdrew due to injuries.
This document provides the order of play for Centre Court at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Saturday, October 24, 2015. It lists three matches, with the first being a wildcard player from Switzerland versus a player from Germany, followed by a player from Japan versus a player from Belgium, and finally a player from Germany versus a player from the Netherlands paired with a player from Sweden after suitable rest.
This document provides the order of play for the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Thursday, October 22, 2015. On Centre Court, the matches will begin at 12:00 pm with Barbora Strycova vs Johanna Larsson as the first match, followed by Stefanie Voegele vs Anna-Lena Friedsam. On Court 1, play will begin at 10:30 am with Anabel Medina Garrigues vs Kirsten Flipkens as the first match. The document lists the additional matches scheduled for each court throughout the day.
This document is a tournament order of play for October 21, 2015 at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open. It lists 7 singles matches scheduled for the main Centre Court and Court 1, along with their projected start times. It also provides information about sign-in deadlines for lucky loser and doubles alternates.
The document provides the order of play for singles and doubles matches taking place on Tuesday, October 20th, 2015 at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open tennis tournament. It lists the matches scheduled for the center court and court 1, including the players involved, their seeding status, and the projected start times. Key details like sign-in deadlines for lucky losers and alternates are also given at the top.
1. The tournament was the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open, a WTA International event held in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015 with total prize money of €226,728.
2. Seeded players in singles included Timea Bacsinszky (1), Laura Siegemund (2), and Sara Errani (3). In doubles, the top seeds were Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja.
3. Notable results included Andrea Petkovic defeating Sloane Stephens in 3 sets in the second round, and Tatjana Maria beating Jelena Jankovic in straight sets in the first round
The document provides the qualifying draw for the 2016 BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open tennis tournament held in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. The tournament had a total prize money of €226,728. Players competed on a hard, Deco-Turf surface in singles qualifying. The draw consisted of 32 players including 8 seeds and 6 wild cards. Players earned ranking points and prize money based on their results in the qualifying tournament.
The document provides information about the 2015 WTA International tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25. It lists the tournament surface as hard and Deco-Turf, with total prize money of €226,728. It then lists the singles qualifying draw including seeded players and alternates. The points breakdown awards 89 points for qualifying, 93 for reaching the final, and 97 for reaching the second round.
This document provides the results and standings from the 2015 WTA International tournament in Luxembourg. It lists the singles and doubles draws, round by round results, prize money amounts for placements in singles and doubles, as well as notes on retirements, injuries and lucky losers. The top seed in singles was Timea Bacsinszky and the number one doubles team was Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja.
The document provides the order of play for the singles matches at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Saturday, October 17th, 2015. It lists the scheduled matches on the center court and court 1, with the first matches starting at 9:30 am. Alternates need to sign in by 5:37 pm on October 16th. The referee will officially call all matches and players should check the designated meeting point.
The document provides the order of play for the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Friday, October 23rd, 2015. It lists 7 scheduled matches on the main court starting at 10:00 am with a match between Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja. At 12:00 pm is a match between Mirjana Lucic-Baroni and an opponent. At 6:00 pm is a match between Barbora Strycova and either Alison Van Uytvanck or Ana Ivanovic.
The document provides details for the 2014 BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open WTA International tennis tournament to be held from October 11-18 in Luxembourg. It lists Andrea Petkovic as the top seed in the main draw singles event. The tournament offers a total prize money pool of $250,000 and will be played on hard courts.
The document discusses the current policy approach to reducing transport-related air pollution in the EU, which has largely followed a regulatory approach through product standards and rules to meet air quality standards. It notes that while effective, this approach has limitations given the significant variations in causes and effects of air pollution across different regions and cities in Europe. Economic instruments could provide more flexibility to address this differentiation. Specifically, the document examines alternatives like adjusting taxes on fuels and vehicles to better reflect their environmental performance to further internalize the costs of air pollution.
The document discusses progressing towards fair and efficient transport pricing in the European Union. It outlines several upcoming Commission proposals and studies that aim to better internalize external costs, especially for road transport. These initiatives include revising legislation around road tolls and vehicle taxes to further cost internalization policies. The Commission intends to carefully consider introducing elements of efficient pricing strategies in these proposals, while balancing internal market functions and complementary measures.
This document summarizes the main draw singles and doubles events for the WTA International tennis tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. It lists the seeded players and results from rounds 1-4 in singles and 1st round in doubles. Prize money amounts are provided for placements in singles and doubles.
This document provides the draw information for the WTA International tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. Timea Bacsinszky was the number 1 seed in singles. In doubles, Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja were the number 1 seeds. Prize money amounts are listed for each round of singles and doubles competition. Urszula Radwanska withdrew due to a back injury, while Laura Siegemund and Oceane Dodin replaced two players who withdrew due to injuries.
This document provides the order of play for Centre Court at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Saturday, October 24, 2015. It lists three matches, with the first being a wildcard player from Switzerland versus a player from Germany, followed by a player from Japan versus a player from Belgium, and finally a player from Germany versus a player from the Netherlands paired with a player from Sweden after suitable rest.
This document provides the order of play for the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Thursday, October 22, 2015. On Centre Court, the matches will begin at 12:00 pm with Barbora Strycova vs Johanna Larsson as the first match, followed by Stefanie Voegele vs Anna-Lena Friedsam. On Court 1, play will begin at 10:30 am with Anabel Medina Garrigues vs Kirsten Flipkens as the first match. The document lists the additional matches scheduled for each court throughout the day.
This document is a tournament order of play for October 21, 2015 at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open. It lists 7 singles matches scheduled for the main Centre Court and Court 1, along with their projected start times. It also provides information about sign-in deadlines for lucky loser and doubles alternates.
The document provides the order of play for singles and doubles matches taking place on Tuesday, October 20th, 2015 at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open tennis tournament. It lists the matches scheduled for the center court and court 1, including the players involved, their seeding status, and the projected start times. Key details like sign-in deadlines for lucky losers and alternates are also given at the top.
1. The tournament was the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open, a WTA International event held in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015 with total prize money of €226,728.
2. Seeded players in singles included Timea Bacsinszky (1), Laura Siegemund (2), and Sara Errani (3). In doubles, the top seeds were Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja.
3. Notable results included Andrea Petkovic defeating Sloane Stephens in 3 sets in the second round, and Tatjana Maria beating Jelena Jankovic in straight sets in the first round
The document provides the qualifying draw for the 2016 BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open tennis tournament held in Luxembourg from October 19-25, 2015. The tournament had a total prize money of €226,728. Players competed on a hard, Deco-Turf surface in singles qualifying. The draw consisted of 32 players including 8 seeds and 6 wild cards. Players earned ranking points and prize money based on their results in the qualifying tournament.
The document provides information about the 2015 WTA International tournament in Luxembourg from October 19-25. It lists the tournament surface as hard and Deco-Turf, with total prize money of €226,728. It then lists the singles qualifying draw including seeded players and alternates. The points breakdown awards 89 points for qualifying, 93 for reaching the final, and 97 for reaching the second round.
This document provides the results and standings from the 2015 WTA International tournament in Luxembourg. It lists the singles and doubles draws, round by round results, prize money amounts for placements in singles and doubles, as well as notes on retirements, injuries and lucky losers. The top seed in singles was Timea Bacsinszky and the number one doubles team was Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja.
The document provides the order of play for the singles matches at the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Saturday, October 17th, 2015. It lists the scheduled matches on the center court and court 1, with the first matches starting at 9:30 am. Alternates need to sign in by 5:37 pm on October 16th. The referee will officially call all matches and players should check the designated meeting point.
The document provides the order of play for the BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open on Friday, October 23rd, 2015. It lists 7 scheduled matches on the main court starting at 10:00 am with a match between Anabel Medina Garrigues and Arantxa Parra Santonja. At 12:00 pm is a match between Mirjana Lucic-Baroni and an opponent. At 6:00 pm is a match between Barbora Strycova and either Alison Van Uytvanck or Ana Ivanovic.
The document provides details for the 2014 BGL BNP Paribas Luxembourg Open WTA International tennis tournament to be held from October 11-18 in Luxembourg. It lists Andrea Petkovic as the top seed in the main draw singles event. The tournament offers a total prize money pool of $250,000 and will be played on hard courts.
The document discusses the current policy approach to reducing transport-related air pollution in the EU, which has largely followed a regulatory approach through product standards and rules to meet air quality standards. It notes that while effective, this approach has limitations given the significant variations in causes and effects of air pollution across different regions and cities in Europe. Economic instruments could provide more flexibility to address this differentiation. Specifically, the document examines alternatives like adjusting taxes on fuels and vehicles to better reflect their environmental performance to further internalize the costs of air pollution.
The document discusses progressing towards fair and efficient transport pricing in the European Union. It outlines several upcoming Commission proposals and studies that aim to better internalize external costs, especially for road transport. These initiatives include revising legislation around road tolls and vehicle taxes to further cost internalization policies. The Commission intends to carefully consider introducing elements of efficient pricing strategies in these proposals, while balancing internal market functions and complementary measures.
Update on German city measures to control (diesel) vehicle emissions - Martin...IES / IAQM
This document summarizes an update on measures taken in Berlin, Germany to control diesel emissions and improve air quality. It discusses the legal pressure to reduce nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, which exceed limits due to road traffic emissions. It outlines Berlin's air quality challenges and sources of NO2. It also summarizes national initiatives in Germany to address non-compliance, including efforts to facilitate diesel retrofits and alternative fuel infrastructure. Local measures that could help reduce NO2 in Berlin are modeled, but challenges in achieving compliance by 2020 through mobility and transport planning measures alone are noted. Immediate restrictions on diesel vehicles with high emissions may be necessary on polluted roads.
The document discusses the European Green Deal (EUGD) proposed by the European Commission to make the EU climate neutral by 2050. It aims to decarbonize the transport sector, which accounts for 25% of EU emissions. Key policies include revising fuel taxes to promote low-carbon fuels, expanding the emissions trading system to maritime and road transport, and increasing funding for electric vehicles and alternative fuels. While stakeholders like port organizations welcome the EUGD, others note more needs to be done, like shifting more freight from roads to rail and inland waterways.
Real-drive emissions and the impact of the VW scandal on the future of the au...Leonardo ENERGY
On 18th of September 2015, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Violation of the Clean Air Act accusing Volkswagen of having equipped its US diesel models with a “defeat device” software. In real-life conditions, the emissions were 10 to 40 times above those measured during the official testing.
Around 500,000 cars in the US and over 11 million cars worldwide have been equipped with the rigged engine Type EA189. The so-called “Diesel Gate” quickly sparked global outrage, leading to the resignation of VW CEO, Martin Winterkorn, who was replaced by Matthias Müller, former Porsche CEO and putting the entire sector under suspicion.
Most EU countries ordered investigations to be conducted on random vehicles to verify their compliance with Euro norms. The scandal broke out at a crucial time for the automotive sector as the EU is in the process of adopting a “real-drive emissions test” (RDE). The European Commission found itself also under high pressure as the media accused it of being too com-placent towards the car industry while being aware of the real-drive emissions gap since many years.
The document discusses the need for policy action to address transport externalities. It notes that while transport provides many benefits, it also imposes significant costs through congestion, accidents, air pollution, and noise. These external costs are estimated to be up to 5% of GDP across EU countries. The document argues that transport policy needs to be rebalanced to better account for these externalities, through the use of pricing mechanisms and other measures. This will help ensure transport users pay the real costs of their activities.
Ricardo-AEA provided technical support to the European Commission in assessing the environmental, social and economic impacts of policy proposals to reduce GHG emissions from the international shipping sector.
Despite some recent progress in the IMO negotiations with respect to technical measures for new ships, the emissions of existing vessels are still not regulated. At the European level, a range of targets have been set concerning economy-wide GHG emission reductions. International shipping is the only sector not included in EU level GHG reduction targets. The modelling projections developed for this project show that under the baseline scenario CO2 emissions from European maritime transport would increase by over 50% between 2010 and 2050. As such, there is a pressing need to take action to control the growing GHG emissions from the international maritime sector.
Report: Mind the Gap 2015 – Closing the chasm between test and real-world car...Nicola Barozzi 🚘✔
The system of testing cars to measure fuel economy and CO2 emissions is utterly discredited. This report analyses the gap between test results and real-world performance and finds that it has become a chasm, increasing from 8% in 2001 to 31% in 2012 and 40% in 2014. Without action this gap will grow to nearly 50% by 2020.
Mercedes cars have the biggest average gap between test and real-world performance, with real-world fuel consumption exceeding test results by nearly half. None of the improvement in emissions measured in tests of Opel/Vauxhall cars since 2008 has delivered improvement on the road, and their real-world fuel economy is actually getting worse. Just a fifth of the apparent improvement in emissions from the launch of the Mark 7 VW Golf (Europe’s best-selling car) have been achieved on the road.
This report definitively shows current systems for vehicle testing of fuel economy and CO2 emissions don’t work and the proposed introduction of the new WLTP test seems likely to deliver limited and only temporary improvements. Systematic changes to the way cars are tested, regulated and taxed are needed to ensure cars are decarbonised on the road and not just in laboratories. The technologies to reduce emissions are available – what is missing is a robust policy framework to ensure these are delivered.
Source: European Federation for Transport and Environment AISBL
This technical and macro-economic study focuses on light duty vehicles -- cars and vans. It has been advised by a broad group of stakeholders in the move to low-carbon transport, including auto producers, technology suppliers, labour groups, energy providers and environmental groups. The resulting fact-base is anticipated to serve as a reference point for discussions around the low-carbon transition.
The model results show that a shift to low-carbon cars and vans increases spending on vehicle technology, a sector in which Europe excels, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts. This shift will also reduce the total cost of running Europe’s auto fleet, leading to mildly positive economic impacts including indirect employment gains.
The analysis showed that a shift to low-carbon vehicles would increase spending on vehicle technology, therefore generating positive direct employment impacts, but potentially adding €1,000-€1,100 to the capital cost of the average new car in 2020. However, these additional technology costs would be offset by fuel savings of around €400 per year, indicating an effective break-even point for drivers of approximately three
years. At the EU level, the cost of running and maintaining the European car fleet would become €33-35 billion lower each year than in a “do nothing scenario” by 2030, leading to positive economic impacts including indirect employment gains.
This document summarizes Gas Infrastructure Europe's (GIE) response to the European Commission's Green Paper on energy policy. GIE supports the Commission's goals of completing the internal gas market and ensuring security of supply. However, it identifies investment as the key priority, as insufficient investment will prevent a fully functioning single market. GIE conducted a survey that found regulatory/access regimes to be the most important yet least satisfying factor for infrastructure investment viability. To address this, GIE proposes an action plan to improve the investment climate in consultation with stakeholders.
Beuc2016 low carbon cars in the 2020s reportRoger Atkins
This document discusses the total cost of ownership of low and ultra-low emission vehicles in Europe between 2015-2030. It forecasts changes in costs and efficiency of conventional and alternative powertrains, and calculates TCO for first, second and third owners over the vehicle lifetime. The analysis finds that plug-in electric vehicles show highly competitive ownership costs compared to internal combustion engines, with battery electric vehicles reaching near parity with diesel vehicles for first owners by 2030. Continued improvement in the efficiency of conventional vehicles also provides benefits to consumers in reduced fuel costs. Ambitious 2025/2030 CO2 targets can be set without disadvantaging consumers based on the declining TCOs across all powertrains.
This document provides background context on vehicle type-approval testing and quantifying the impact of real-world driving on total CO2 emissions from UK cars and vans. It discusses the historical development of test procedures like the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the upcoming Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). The document also outlines the study's objectives to understand the current and future real world emissions gap between official and real-world CO2 emissions, estimate the impact on the UK vehicle fleet, and identify opportunities to reduce the gap.
The letter makes two key policy requests of EU leaders regarding the upcoming mobility package:
1) Set mandatory sales targets for zero-emission vehicles in 2025 and 2030 to accelerate their deployment. Zero-emission vehicles can help reduce emissions, oil dependency, and air pollution.
2) Adopt ambitious CO2 emissions targets for 2025 and 2030 for cars, vans, and later for trucks and buses. Ambitious CO2 targets will drive the electrification of vehicles and help meet Paris Agreement goals. The letter argues these policies will boost the European zero-emissions vehicle industry and economy.
This document discusses market-based incentives that Sweden has implemented to reduce air pollution from transport, including:
- Differentiated fuel taxes based on environmental characteristics to promote cleaner fuels.
- Differential vehicle taxes based on emission classes to stimulate sales of lower-emitting vehicles.
- An environmental tax on domestic airline emissions to induce changes to more efficient engines.
- A car scrapping charge and premium to increase the ratio of scrapped cars to new cars sold.
The measures have generally been effective in promoting cleaner fuels and vehicles in Sweden.
Europe could improve its growth prospects and create 500,000 to 1.1 million net additional jobs in 2030 through auto sector innovation. Increased technology to cut fuel consumption would allow the EU to reduce its dependence on foreign oil and deliver between €58 and €83 billion a year in fuel savings for the EU economy by 2030. This shift will achieve the double bonus of mitigating climate change and creating a much-needed economic stimulus.
Key findings:
• Jobs are created by increased spending on vehicle technology, but more importantly by a shift in spending away from imported fossil fuels and back towards other areas of the European economy.
• In scenarios in which the Internal Combustion Engine is either optimized or hybridized, the yearly cost of running and replacing the EU car and van fleet is reduced by €36 billion and EU-wide employment increases by 500,000 to 660,000 in 2030. This takes account of jobs lost in the transition, such as in refining.
• In scenarios in which Europe moves rapidly to a fleet of advanced hybrid, battery-electric and fuel-cell vehicles, EU-wide employment increases by 850,000 to 1.1 million in 2030. By 2050, jobs increase by 1.9 million to 2.3 million in all low-carbon scenarios examined.
• The fuel bill for Europe’s car and van fleet is reduced by €58 – 83 billion in 2030 by a shift to low-carbon vehicles, and by €115 – 180 billion in 2050. (excluding taxes and duties)
• While jobs are created and spending on oil imports is reduced in all low-carbon scenarios, CO2 is also cut by between 64 per cent and 97 per cent in 2050. Air quality is significantly improved, with emissions of health-damaging particulates down by 73 – 95 per cent by 2050.
• Demand is reduced for a small fraction of auto sector professions, and some skill shortages also emerge during the transition. The pace of change is likely to allow time for the development of the relevant new skills in Europe, if industry, governments and academic institutions start planning now
This document provides an overview of the European automotive industry and its relationship with the US market in the context of potential trade agreements like TTIP. It notes that the European automotive industry is the second largest manufacturer of motor vehicles globally and generates millions of jobs in the EU. The US is the largest export market for the EU automotive industry, especially for passenger cars. The EU runs a large trade surplus with the US in automobiles and parts. TTIP presents opportunities to further liberalize trade between the EU and US auto industries by reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers, but also regulatory challenges to ensure vehicle safety standards on both sides achieve similar outcomes.
Monitoring co2 emissions from new passenger cars in the euAutoblog.it
The document summarizes data on CO2 emissions from new passenger cars in the EU in 2012. Key points:
- The average CO2 emissions from new cars in the EU in 2012 was 132.2 gCO2/km, a decrease of 3.5 gCO2/km from 2011.
- Diesel vehicles made up 54.9% of new registrations. Average emissions decreased for both diesel and petrol vehicles compared to 2011.
- Alternative fuel vehicles increased their market share and saw a decrease in average CO2 emissions compared to 2011. Pure electric vehicles have 0 gCO2/km tailpipe emissions.
The document discusses the concept of environmental justice. It notes that Robert Bullard is considered the "father" of environmental justice for his work campaigning against environmental racism in the 1980s US. It describes how environmental justice seeks equitable treatment and involvement of all people in environmental programs, laws, and policies. It also discusses the distributive, procedural, and precautionary principles of environmental justice. Finally, it mentions how the concept has expanded to include generational and international environmental justice issues.
Future beholds in unconventional electric vehiclesViresh Malhotra
Electric vehicles are growing in popularity in Europe. Germany and France have the highest adoption rates on the continent, with plug-in hybrid electric vehicles being particularly popular among consumers. While electric vehicles reduce emissions and oil dependence, challenges remain around a lack of standardization, new competitors, and integrating new technologies. Overcoming these barriers will be important for European automakers seeking to acquire companies in the growing electric vehicle market.
Convention collective de travail des salariés du secteur des assurances (2021...Luxemburger Wort
Document intégral de la convention collective de travail (CCT) des salariés des entreprises d'assurance au Luxembourg pour les années 2021, 2022 et 2023.
Paramètres sociaux valables au 1er septembre 2023Luxemburger Wort
Les valeurs des paramètres sociaux mis à jour le 1er septembre 2023 suite au déclenchement d'une nouvelle tranche indiciaire, communiqués par le ministère de la Sécurité sociale.
Charging Fueling & Infrastructure (CFI) Program Resources by Cat PleinForth
Cat Plein, Development & Communications Director of Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
car rentals in nassau bahamas | atv rental nassau bahamasjustinwilson0857
At Dash Auto Sales & Car Rentals, we take pride in providing top-notch automotive services to residents and visitors alike in Nassau, Bahamas. Whether you're looking to purchase a vehicle, rent a car for your vacation, or embark on an exciting ATV adventure, we have you covered with our wide range of options and exceptional customer service.
Website: www.dashrentacarbah.com
Charging and Fueling Infrastructure Grant: Round 2 by Brandt HertensteinForth
Brandt Hertenstein, Program Manager of the Electrification Coalition gave this presentation at the Forth and Electrification Coalition CFI Grant Program - Overview and Technical Assistance webinar on June 12, 2024.
Dahua provides a comprehensive guide on how to install their security camera systems. Learn about the different types of cameras and system components, as well as the installation process.
Top-Quality AC Service for Mini Cooper Optimal Cooling PerformanceMotor Haus
Ensure your Mini Cooper stays cool and comfortable with our top-quality AC service. Our expert technicians provide comprehensive maintenance, repairs, and performance optimization, guaranteeing reliable cooling and peak efficiency. Trust us for quick, professional service that keeps your Mini Cooper's air conditioning system in top condition, ensuring a pleasant driving experience year-round.
1. I Ref. Ares(2013)190052 - 13/02/2013
JANEZ POTOČNIK
Member of the European Commission
Brussels, U 02. ШЗ
Ref.Ares (2013)
Mr Antonio Tajani
Vice-President - Industry and Entrepreneurship
BERL 12/366
Иууг / O -1w O
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You will have seen the letter from the Danish Minister of Environment addressed to both
of us concerning the urgent need for implementing the Euro 6 standards for passenger
cars, as well as simultaneously tackling the significant discrepancy between the certified
emissions and those actually observed on the road. The magnitude of these real-world
emissions is increasingly raised by Member States as a primary reason for failing to
comply with ambient air qualitylimit values set by EU law.
The matter is of concern also for me, given that DG Environment will complete a review
of current air quality policies shortly after summer following the earlier orientation debate
in the College in January 2011. You win recall that during that debate, we agreed to co
operate closely and ensure that the revised EU strategy on air quality be based on a
comprehensive analysis covering all sectors. The work is well underway and our
respective services co-operate well. It is already clear that vehicle emissions remain an
issue of prime importance for the foreseeable future, and a clear and robust policy
response will be required in the review which captures the following elements for which
your personal backing will be essential.
The first relates to control of real-world emissions, where the recent Cars 2020
Communication provides for a maximum of three years beyond the entry into force of
Euro 6 (in 2014) for full implementation. In view of the widespread concern on this
issue, any further delays should be minimized. Our services are currently conducting a
joint study to identify the minimum lead time required by industry, and I count on your
support in implementing its recommendations.
Address: European Commission, 1049 Brussels, Belgium - Telephone : 00.32.2.298.86,70 - Telefax: 00.32.2,298.82.88
2. Secondly, Euro 6 will take time to yield effects and so we must also examine policy
options with respect to the current fleet, where for light-duty vehicles retrofit is not a
realistic option. There are widespread concerns that performance has been tailored tightly
to compliance with the test cycle in disregard of the dramatic increase in emissions
outside that narrow scope. Vehicles are required to comply with the Euro limit values in
normal driving conditions, and my services and I are often put in an uncomfortable
position when defending the perceived lack of action by the Commission and Member
States in addressing the obvious failure to ensure this. I would be grateful if you would set
out the scope for additional measures, such as the withdrawal of a particular type
approval and the requirement of remedial action by manufacturers. Your views on this
matter would help us to respond collectively based on a common understanding, not least
of the need to improve compliance with the EU's air quality legislation.
Finally, for the perspective beyond Euro 6, we are examining whether further vehicle
emission controls at pan-EU level would be cost-effective, or whether a more
differentiated approach would make more sense. One option we are considering is the
establishment of a technical benchmark (which we refer to at present as a 'sulev'1
standard), which would not be mandatory for new type-approved vehicles, but which
Member States could use to target incentives for fleet renewal in non-attainment locations
for air quality.
We will also analyse the potential implications of a label for vehicle emissions (a 'smog
label1) in addition to the current CO2 label for cars. Such measures will help promote new
vehicle markets both domestically, and in the international markets where transport-based
air pollution becomes an increasing concern, all as advocated in the Cars 2020
Communication. Again, I count on your support in pursuing such proportionate and
cost-effective approaches to future vehicle regulation.
I would suggest that we meet to discuss the issues in person and copy colleagues that
might be equally interested in ensuring we resolve the matter in a timely and coherent
way.
Copies: Connie Hedegaard, Commissioner for ClimateAction
Karl Falkenberg,. (DG ENV)
Daniel Calleja, .(DG ENTR)
Jos Delbeke (DG CLIMA), Catherine Day (SG)
1 Super-low-emission vehicle