Vision
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Dr. Ken Tangen gives a quick overview of vision, including the transduction of light, the anatomy of the eye and the path from light to occipital lobe.
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Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a degenerative eye condition where the cornea thins and changes to a cone shape, causing vision problems. It typically begins in adolescence and progresses slowly over several years. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, increased light sensitivity, and eye irritation. While causes are often unknown, genetics and eye rubbing may play a role. Treatment options include corneal inserts, collagen crosslinking, or corneal transplant if vision impairment is severe. Diagnosis involves using a keratometer to measure the cornea's curvature.
Movement
Movement involves muscles, the spine and brain regions and is controlled by the corticospinal tract which originates in the cortex, travels through the medulla oblongata where it crosses to the contralateral side and connects with motor neurons in the spine to help control the limbs. Mirror neurons in the brain are activated when watching others move and help control movement sequences and maintain posture.
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Keratoconus
Keratoconus is a degenerative eye condition where the cornea thins and changes to a cone shape, causing vision problems. It typically begins in adolescence and progresses slowly over several years. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision, increased light sensitivity, and eye irritation. While causes are often unknown, genetics and eye rubbing may play a role. Treatment options include corneal inserts, collagen crosslinking, or corneal transplant if vision impairment is severe. Diagnosis involves using a keratometer to measure the cornea's curvature.
Movement
Movement involves muscles, the spine and brain regions and is controlled by the corticospinal tract which originates in the cortex, travels through the medulla oblongata where it crosses to the contralateral side and connects with motor neurons in the spine to help control the limbs. Mirror neurons in the brain are activated when watching others move and help control movement sequences and maintain posture.
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Dr. Ken Tangen gives a quick overview of the nature and physiology of emotion, including theories and micro-expressions.
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Dr. Ken Tangen gives a quick overview of the thalamus, its function and parts, including the hypothalamus and pineal gland.
Brain Development
Dr. Ken Tangen gives a quick overview of how the primitive streak becomes a neural tube and then becomes a brain.
Mechanical Senses
The document discusses four mechanical senses: vestibular, touch, pain, and itch. It describes the vestibular system in the inner ear which detects head position and movement through three semicircular canals and helps with balance and eye movement. It also notes different types of touch receptors for light touch, pressure, temperature, and different pain receptors for sharp and dull pain. The itch sensation is described as the inverse of pain.
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Dr. Ken Tangen gives a quick overview of the body's nervous systems, including central, peripheral, somatic, autonomic sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric.
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The document provides information about vision and the eye, including:
1. It reviews the physics of light, important light properties like reflection and transmission, and defines luminance.
2. It describes the structure of the eye including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina and fovea. It explains how the eye focuses images on the retina through accommodation of the lens.
3. It discusses why the eyes move to maintain spatial resolution by focusing on the fovea and for binocular registration in depth perception.
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Definition of adaptation
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Biomes of our Earth
What it the adapted of ocean biomes
What it the adapted of Desert biomes
Adaptations – an inherited characteristic that helps an organism to survive long enough to reproduce more successfully in its changing environment.
the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
1- Maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity.
2- Organisms that have not been able to adapt to changing environmental conditions that have become extinct.
3- When determined to change something in the behavior of living organisms we follow the theory of adaptation.
4- Simulation.
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Deep sea adaptations
The document discusses adaptations of organisms living in deep sea environments. It describes the different zones of the deep sea and the challenges of living at great depths with little light and pressure. Organisms have adapted in various ways, including enlarged eyes sensitive to low light, bioluminescence, transparency, and large teeth. Some adaptations depend on the zone, with mesopelagic organisms having higher eyes to see surface light and photophores, while bathypelagic organisms may lack eyes and rely more on lateral sensing. Unique deep sea hydrothermal vent communities also exist, where chemosynthetic bacteria convert chemicals into energy to support dense populations of organisms.
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Memory
Memory is made up of multiple systems including sensory memory buffers like iconic and echoic memory, prospective memory to remember future tasks, episodic memory for autobiographical events, semantic memory for facts and figures, implicit memory for skills, and working memory that can hold about 7 items and transfer information to long-term memory, which is not permanent and also includes spatial memory. Losing one memory aspect does not mean all memory is lost as the brain utilizes different memory systems.
Lobsters Gabby
Lobsters were once considered junk food by early settlers in Maine but are now a valuable industry. They can regenerate lost limbs but not organs like eyes. Over half their bodies are dedicated to smell and they can taste with their feet. Lobsters grow either right or left handed and must reach across to fight if opposites. In their early post larvae stage they can swim but then live on the sea floor as scavengers or predators.
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Blue Light, Vision and the Eye White paper LZAL201016
By developing an experimental framework to distinguish beneficial blue light rays from harmful ones, Essilor has effectively created a new field in photobiology research. Through a rigorous 4-year study conducted with the Paris Vision Institute using an in vitro cell model, Essilor identified for the first time the precise wavelength range within blue light - 415nm to 455nm centered at 435nm - that is most toxic to retinal pigment epithelium cells. This discovery paves the way for new protective lenses that can selectively filter this harmful light while allowing beneficial wavelengths to pass through, aiding in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other retinal diseases.
Abyssopelagic zone
The abyssopelagic zone is located between 4000m and the ocean floor. It is near freezing, with no light, and extreme water pressure. Most creatures that live there are invertebrates that survive in the cold, dark conditions. Some notable animals found in this zone include the dumbo octopus, which uses its large fins to swim, the frilled shark, with over 300 teeth and a flexible jaw, and hammerhead sharks that hunt at night in schools.
Genius Hour: Under the sea
This document provides an overview of life under the sea by describing different ocean zones and the animals that inhabit them. It discusses how early explorations in the 1870s led to the discovery of thousands of new species. Later, submarines called bathyspheres allowed for deeper exploration. The document outlines five ocean zones - the Epipelagic, Mesopelagic, Bathypelagic, Abyssal, and Hadal zones - and highlights example animals that live in each zone, such as algae, comb jellies, anglerfish, giant squid, sea cucumbers, and sea spiders. Each animal is described along with how it is adapted to survive in its particular ocean
Oceanic pelagic zone biology biome project FINAL
The pelagic zone consists of the open ocean beyond coastal waters. It is divided into four subzones based on depth and light levels: (1) The epipelagic zone near the surface has enough light for photosynthesis. (2) The mesopelagic zone has limited light. (3) The bathypelagic zone is completely dark. (4) The abyssopelagic zone exists at the greatest depths. Organisms in each subzone have adapted to the unique conditions of their environment, such as light levels, pressure, oxygen levels and food sources. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are primary producers, while animals include birds, fish, marine mammals, and
New evolution
This document discusses evolution as biology's unifying theme. It provides background on Charles Darwin and the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection. It describes Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle where he was struck by the variety of life and differences between species on islands in the Galapagos archipelago. Darwin realized all life on Earth descended from common ancestors and evolved through natural selection, with traits becoming adapted to local environments over generations. His theory revolutionized biology by explaining life's unity and diversity through evolution.
Ocean Depths Habitat
Life in the deep ocean is sparse due to lack of sunlight and nutrients. Organisms have adapted specialized features to survive in these conditions such as bioluminescence, transparent bodies, and downward-facing eyes. Nutrients cycle through the water column as plankton and organic matter sink from the surface. Some fish migrate vertically to feed in nutrient-rich surface waters at night, while non-migrators survive on the metabolisms and protein of migrators. Extreme pressures and darkness present challenges for reproduction which organisms overcome through bioluminescent signals, chemical cues, and hermaphroditism.
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This document discusses Joseph Smith's early life and experiences leading up to his First Vision. It provides background on his family's moves between Vermont, New Hampshire, and New York from 1805-1816. It then describes the religious revival in Palmyra, New York in the early 1800s. The document examines several first-hand accounts of Joseph Smith's First Vision from 1832-1844 that vary slightly in details but consistently involve God and Jesus Christ appearing to Joseph Smith when he was 14 years old. It discusses doctrines taught by the First Vision, such as the existence of God, that God answers prayers, and that there was an apostasy requiring restoration. The document emphasizes the importance of the First Vision in establishing
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The document discusses refraction and vision correction by the eye. It covers how light is refracted by the cornea and lens to focus on the retina for clear vision. Common refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism are described along with their causes and corrections using lenses. Presbyopia and other age-related changes to the eye's refractive power are also summarized.
Third Grading Module 4 Light
Light can behave as both a particle and wave. It is an electromagnetic wave that is visible to the human eye and is responsible for sight. Several scientists throughout history studied the nature of light, including Isaac Newton who believed it behaved as particles, Christian Huygens who believed it behaved as waves, and Max Planck who proposed light has both wave-like and particle-like properties. James Clerk Maxwell later unified concepts of light, electricity, and magnetism in his electromagnetic theory of light.
Vision: Light & The Eye (Sample Lecture Slides)
The document provides information about vision and the eye, including:
1. It reviews the physics of light, important light properties like reflection and transmission, and defines luminance.
2. It describes the structure of the eye including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina and fovea. It explains how the eye focuses images on the retina through accommodation of the lens.
3. It discusses why the eyes move to maintain spatial resolution by focusing on the fovea and for binocular registration in depth perception.
Adaptation of animal
Definition of adaptation
The importance of adapting
Division of adaptation …
Biomes of our Earth
What it the adapted of ocean biomes
What it the adapted of Desert biomes
Adaptations – an inherited characteristic that helps an organism to survive long enough to reproduce more successfully in its changing environment.
the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.
1- Maintain the balance of ecosystems and biodiversity.
2- Organisms that have not been able to adapt to changing environmental conditions that have become extinct.
3- When determined to change something in the behavior of living organisms we follow the theory of adaptation.
4- Simulation.
Deep sea creatures
This document lists various deep sea creatures including transparent flatfish, bell medusa, barreleye, transparent ice fish, salp, transparent jellyfish, glass squid, phronima, viperfish, stargazer, snaggletooth, fangtooth, vampire squid, lizardfish, boksz yellyfish, hydrothermal deep sea vents, polychaetes, and jellyfish.
Deep sea adaptations
The document discusses adaptations of organisms living in deep sea environments. It describes the different zones of the deep sea and the challenges of living at great depths with little light and pressure. Organisms have adapted in various ways, including enlarged eyes sensitive to low light, bioluminescence, transparency, and large teeth. Some adaptations depend on the zone, with mesopelagic organisms having higher eyes to see surface light and photophores, while bathypelagic organisms may lack eyes and rely more on lateral sensing. Unique deep sea hydrothermal vent communities also exist, where chemosynthetic bacteria convert chemicals into energy to support dense populations of organisms.
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skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
How to deliver Powerpoint Presentations.pptx
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Vision
- 2. LIGHT
- 3. LIGHT
- 13. THE EYE
- 15. 2/3rd of the eye’s focus
- 16. Astigmatism = irregular cornea
- 17. Glaucoma = too much pressure in aqueous humor
- 18. Pupil = hole in the middle of the iris
- 19. Zonules = hold lens in place
- 20. Cataract = cloudy lens
- 21. Floaters = bits of retina
- 22. Floaters = bits of retina Macular Degeneration = primary cause of blindness in elderly
- 23. THE PATH
- 24. Eye to brain Light is transduced into neural impulses
- 25. Eye to brain at the Optic chiasm Shared with other hemisphere
- 26. Eye to brain the LGN Impulses are send to thalamus:
- 27. Eye to brain to the Occipital Lobe Impulses are send from LGN