This document provides information on using the verb "to be" in English, including positive and negative forms, questions, and short answers. It covers the full and contracted forms of the verb to be for "I am", "you are", "he is", etc. in the present tense. Examples are given for questions using the verb to be and short positive and negative answers. The document stresses using a subject pronoun with the verb and capitalizing "I".

1. VERB TO BEVERB TO BE
(SER O ESTAR)(SER O ESTAR)
POSITIVE FORM (+)POSITIVE FORM (+)
NEGATIVE FORM (-)NEGATIVE FORM (-)
QUESTIONS (?)QUESTIONS (?)

2. VERB BE (+) FULL FORMVERB BE (+) FULL FORM
 I (subject pronoun)I (subject pronoun) AM (verb)AM (verb)
 YOUYOU AREARE
 HEHE ISIS
 SHESHE ISIS
 ITIT ISIS
 WEWE AREARE
 YOUYOU AREARE
 THEYTHEY AREARE

3. VERB BE (+)VERB BE (+)
CONTRACTED/SHORT FORMCONTRACTED/SHORT FORM
 II´M´M
 YOUYOU’RE’RE
 HEHE’S’S
 SHESHE’S’S
 ITIT’S’S
 WEWE’RE’RE
 YOUYOU’RE’RE
 THEYTHEY’RE’RE

4. VERB BE (+)VERB BE (+)
 You ALWAYS have to use a SUBJECTYou ALWAYS have to use a SUBJECT
PRONOUN with a verb:PRONOUN with a verb: HE is PeterHE is Peter NOTNOT isis
PeterPeter
 II is always written in capital letters:is always written in capital letters: I amI am
your English teacheryour English teacher NOTNOT i am youri am your
English teacher.English teacher.
 UseUse HEHE for afor a manman,, SHESHE for afor a womanwoman,, ITIT
for afor a thingthing oror animalanimal in thein the singular: He issingular: He is
my father. She is my friend Mary. It is a bigmy father. She is my friend Mary. It is a big
dogdog..
 YOUYOU is used for the singular (tú, usted) andis used for the singular (tú, usted) and
for the plural (vosotros, ustedes)for the plural (vosotros, ustedes)
 UseUse THEYTHEY forfor peoplepeople,, animalsanimals andand thingsthings
in thein the plural: They are my friends Mary andplural: They are my friends Mary and
Peter. They are booksPeter. They are books..

5. VERB BE (-) FULL FORMVERB BE (-) FULL FORM
 PutPut NOTNOT after the verb BE to makeafter the verb BE to make
negative sentencesnegative sentences::
 II AMAM NOTNOT
 YOUYOU AREARE NOTNOT
 HEHE ISIS NOTNOT
 SHESHE ISIS NOTNOT
 ITIT ISIS NOTNOT
 WEWE AREARE NOTNOT
 YOUYOU AREARE NOTNOT
 THEYTHEY AREARE NOTNOT

6. VERB BE (-)VERB BE (-)
CONTRACTED/SHORT FORMCONTRACTED/SHORT FORM
 You can contractYou can contract are not (aren’t), is not (isn’t).are not (aren’t), is not (isn’t).
 I’m notI’m not is different, you can only contract theis different, you can only contract the subjectsubject
pronoun (I)pronoun (I) with the positive form of BE .with the positive form of BE .
 I’I’MM NOTNOT
 YOUYOU AREAREN’TN’T
 HEHE ISISN’TN’T
 SHESHE ISISN’TN’T
 ITIT ISISN’TN’T
 WEWE AREAREN’TN’T
 YOUYOU AREAREN’TN’T
 THEYTHEY AREAREN’TN’T

7. VERB BE - QUESTIONVERB BE - QUESTION
FORM (?)FORM (?)
 AMAM II??
 AREARE YOUYOU??
 ISIS HEHE??
 ISIS SHESHE??
 ISIS ITIT??
 AREARE WEWE??
 AREARE YOUYOU??
 AREARE THEYTHEY??

8. POSITIVE(+) SHORTPOSITIVE(+) SHORT
ANSWERANSWER
 YES,YES, II AMAM
 YES,YES, YOUYOU AREARE
 YES,YES, HEHE ISIS
 YES,YES, SHESHE ISIS
 YES,YES, ITIT ISIS
 YES,YES, WEWE AREARE
 YES,YES, YOUYOU AREARE
 YES,YES, THEYTHEY AREARE

9. NEGATIVE (-) SHORTNEGATIVE (-) SHORT
ANSWERANSWER
 NO,NO, II’M’M NOTNOT
 NO,NO, YOUYOU AREAREN’TN’T
 NO,NO, HEHE ISISN’TN’T
 NO,NO, SHESHE ISISN’TN’T
 NO,NO, ITIT ISISN’TN’T
 NO,NO, WEWE AREAREN’TN’T
 NO,NO, YOUYOU AREAREN’TN’T
 NO,NO, THEYTHEY AREAREN’TN’T

10. QUESTIONS & ANSWERSQUESTIONS & ANSWERS
 In questions put the verb TO BEIn questions put the verb TO BE
(AM, ARE, IS)(AM, ARE, IS) beforebefore THETHE
PRONOUS (I, YOU, etc.):PRONOUS (I, YOU, etc.):
Are you English? NOT You areAre you English? NOT You are
English?English?
 Do not use contractions in positiveDo not use contractions in positive
short answers:short answers: Are you Spanish?Are you Spanish?
Yes, I amYes, I am NOTNOT Yes, I’m.Yes, I’m.
 In negative answers, you can useIn negative answers, you can use
both full or contracted forms:both full or contracted forms: Are youAre you
Irish? No, I am notIrish? No, I am not oror No, I’m not.No, I’m not.