The document discusses plans to rehabilitate Angola's 480km long CFL railway and develop new railway stations along the line. It proposes developing these stations into nodes that spur broader development, alleviate poverty, and promote inclusiveness through a bottom-up approach. Specifically, it suggests providing housing infrastructure like paved land, sanitation, and renewable energy to empower self-sustaining living while avoiding top-down social housing that has been criticized. The goal is for railway development to have a "butterfly effect" sparking wider economic and social progress through localized growth centered around stations.
The document outlines the compensation plan and requirements for a multi-level marketing company selling Nectura bottles. It details the currency exchange rate, product commission values, membership fees, qualification criteria for commissions and bonuses, and projected earnings over time assuming a duplicating team is built. Retail prices and startup package options are provided for those wishing to become a user-retailer and begin building their own team.
This document provides information about AGPI Network System Int'l Inc., a multi-level marketing company. It introduces the founder and some key leaders. It then describes the company's vision, products including goat milk soap and 8-in-1 coffee, compensation plan involving binary, matrix and other components, and upcoming products like detox foot patches. Locations of offices and branches in the Philippines are also listed.
This document provides guidance for creating a 20-year personal marketing plan using the HYPER2 method. It outlines 8 mandatory elements for the plan, including a cover page with theme and unique selling proposition, vision/mission statement, product portfolio of roles, brand launch, comparisons over time, and milestones. Examples are provided for each element, with annotations explaining how to customize it for an individual. Recommendations from books and websites on marketing, sales, and personal improvement are summarized and translated to a personal context. The document aims to help students create a highly personalized long-term marketing plan for their personal brand.
The document discusses energy storage systems (ESS) provided by Samsung SDI for utility applications. It notes that ESS can help stabilize the electrical grid by integrating with renewable energy sources like solar and wind farms, and providing ancillary services to regulate frequency and serve as backup power. The summary provides two specific examples of Samsung SDI partnering with Younicos to build ESS battery parks in Germany, and assisting the Korean government's smart grid projects on Jeju Island.
The document describes 3 potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola. Site 1 is an existing informal market that lacks permanent structures. The proposal adds a roof structure and defines spaces on top for additional programs. Site 2 creates a grid system within which informal vendors can build semi-permanent or permanent sales stations. Site 3 involves constructing a water tower that collects and distributes rainwater, creating a landmark.
The document summarizes three potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola.
Site 1 is an existing informal market that operates in an open space. It currently has no permanent structures.
Site 2 proposes adding a permanent roof structure to the market that could also include additional programs on the roof level.
Site 3 explores designing an open grid system and roof that would give sellers freedom to build semi-permanent or permanent stalls within, while also providing covered space for the market. Rainwater harvesting and gray water management systems are considered.
This document describes plans for redesigning a wide street between a school and market. The design brings back informal street qualities like shared space and access to gray water. During dry seasons, humidity catchers would supply continuous water, creating a social space for water-related activities. During wet seasons, storm water pockets would collect and buffer overflow, making use of the captured resource. The design aims to reclaim the street through shadow and informal qualities, creating a cooled, flexible shared space connecting the school and market.
Luanda, the capital city of Angola, is experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth. By 2030, Luanda is projected to be one of the four fastest growing cities in Africa, as the continent's urban population increases by 152% between 2000 and 2030. This rapid growth presents both major challenges, like infrastructure gaps and environmental issues, and opportunities to implement innovative solutions. While problems exist, city planners view challenges as opportunities to create clever planning methods and efficient technologies to manage issues like waste and water supply. Rapid urbanization is occurring as people migrate to Luanda for more opportunities, amenities, and safety compared to rural areas devastated by civil war.
The document outlines the compensation plan and requirements for a multi-level marketing company selling Nectura bottles. It details the currency exchange rate, product commission values, membership fees, qualification criteria for commissions and bonuses, and projected earnings over time assuming a duplicating team is built. Retail prices and startup package options are provided for those wishing to become a user-retailer and begin building their own team.
This document provides information about AGPI Network System Int'l Inc., a multi-level marketing company. It introduces the founder and some key leaders. It then describes the company's vision, products including goat milk soap and 8-in-1 coffee, compensation plan involving binary, matrix and other components, and upcoming products like detox foot patches. Locations of offices and branches in the Philippines are also listed.
This document provides guidance for creating a 20-year personal marketing plan using the HYPER2 method. It outlines 8 mandatory elements for the plan, including a cover page with theme and unique selling proposition, vision/mission statement, product portfolio of roles, brand launch, comparisons over time, and milestones. Examples are provided for each element, with annotations explaining how to customize it for an individual. Recommendations from books and websites on marketing, sales, and personal improvement are summarized and translated to a personal context. The document aims to help students create a highly personalized long-term marketing plan for their personal brand.
The document discusses energy storage systems (ESS) provided by Samsung SDI for utility applications. It notes that ESS can help stabilize the electrical grid by integrating with renewable energy sources like solar and wind farms, and providing ancillary services to regulate frequency and serve as backup power. The summary provides two specific examples of Samsung SDI partnering with Younicos to build ESS battery parks in Germany, and assisting the Korean government's smart grid projects on Jeju Island.
The document describes 3 potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola. Site 1 is an existing informal market that lacks permanent structures. The proposal adds a roof structure and defines spaces on top for additional programs. Site 2 creates a grid system within which informal vendors can build semi-permanent or permanent sales stations. Site 3 involves constructing a water tower that collects and distributes rainwater, creating a landmark.
The document summarizes three potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola.
Site 1 is an existing informal market that operates in an open space. It currently has no permanent structures.
Site 2 proposes adding a permanent roof structure to the market that could also include additional programs on the roof level.
Site 3 explores designing an open grid system and roof that would give sellers freedom to build semi-permanent or permanent stalls within, while also providing covered space for the market. Rainwater harvesting and gray water management systems are considered.
This document describes plans for redesigning a wide street between a school and market. The design brings back informal street qualities like shared space and access to gray water. During dry seasons, humidity catchers would supply continuous water, creating a social space for water-related activities. During wet seasons, storm water pockets would collect and buffer overflow, making use of the captured resource. The design aims to reclaim the street through shadow and informal qualities, creating a cooled, flexible shared space connecting the school and market.
Luanda, the capital city of Angola, is experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth. By 2030, Luanda is projected to be one of the four fastest growing cities in Africa, as the continent's urban population increases by 152% between 2000 and 2030. This rapid growth presents both major challenges, like infrastructure gaps and environmental issues, and opportunities to implement innovative solutions. While problems exist, city planners view challenges as opportunities to create clever planning methods and efficient technologies to manage issues like waste and water supply. Rapid urbanization is occurring as people migrate to Luanda for more opportunities, amenities, and safety compared to rural areas devastated by civil war.
This document discusses the potential for fog farming in Luanda, Angola. It notes that Luanda experiences little rainfall for most of the year due to ocean currents, but has high humidity. This creates suitable conditions for an experiment in urban fog farming to harvest water from the humid air. The document proposes integrating fog farming techniques on a large scale in Luanda to replace trucked-in water and harness the city's humidity as a renewable water source.
The document discusses water management interventions in Viana, Angola. It describes how open drainage systems and water collection can turn water problems into resources. Intervention #1 involves creating active drains and stormwater pockets that function as social spaces. Intervention #2 centers around developing water towers as identifying landmarks that purify water and create meeting places. The towers are designed to utilize local materials and reference local trees to encourage skills and identity.
The document describes the divided peri-urban area of Viana in Luanda, Angola. It is physically divided by a highway and railway, and socially divided between informal and formal areas. The project aims to bridge this divide by facilitating accessibility and civic spaces. Viana is developing into a diverse place with urban qualities where the zones meet at the train station. However, the zones remain separated with a lack of connection between the two sides.
A sustainable city integrates housing, work and leisure while preserving history and investing in public transportation. This allows for efficient use of resources and creates a self-building relationship between nature and the city.
This document discusses transportation infrastructure challenges in Luanda, Angola. It notes that road infrastructure has not kept pace with urban growth, leading to traffic jams that can extend travel times between Luanda and Viana to 3 hours. The train is a more reliable option, taking only 30 minutes. Informal minibus systems called "chapas" also provide transportation but could be improved. The document proposes that Luanda explore implementing a bus rapid transit system based on existing chapa networks and culture, as well as continuing to support rail transportation to decrease travel times for goods and people. Spending time in Luanda revealed infrastructure as one of the city's greatest challenges, impacting not only traffic but also access to basic facilities for 80
Poor urban residents in Luanda identified water supply and sanitation as problems requiring assistance, but did not see housing or construction as issues needing help. As architects, we could help address Luanda's water challenges through water sensitive urban design that views stormwater as a resource rather than just a nuisance, and integrates water management into urban planning.
1) The project proposes providing infrastructure instead of housing to the 6 million informal dwellers of rapidly growing Luanda, Angola.
2) A key infrastructure intervention is developing along the railway line from Luanda to facilitate existing settlements and future densification.
3) At the Viana Station area, the project aims to bridge the physical and social divide between formal and informal areas on either side of the railway and highway.
The document summarizes plans for improving infrastructure in the Viana area of Luanda, Angola. It discusses:
1. Conducting a traffic study that found most residents use chapas (collective taxis) rather than private cars.
2. Proposing a bridging structure over the railway and highway to provide safer pedestrian access and create an active public space, including accommodating the existing market.
3. Describing how urban fog farming above existing settlements could utilize open areas to assure basic sustenance through humidity capture and drip irrigation.
Poor urban residents in Luanda identified water supply and sanitation as problems requiring assistance, but did not see housing or construction as issues needing help. As architects, we could help address Luanda's water challenges through water sensitive urban design that views stormwater as a resource rather than just a nuisance, and integrates water management into urban planning.
1) The project proposes providing infrastructure instead of housing to the 6 million informal dwellers of rapidly growing Luanda, Angola.
2) A key infrastructure intervention is developing along the railway line from Luanda to facilitate existing settlements and future densification.
3) At the Viana Station area, the project aims to bridge the physical and social divide between formal and informal areas on either side of the railway and highway through accessible civic spaces and infrastructure.
The document describes a proposed system for urban fog farming. Nylon mesh humidity catchers would be installed above existing settlements and combined with vegetation. The transpiration from the plants would add extra humidity to the air captured by the nets. A drip irrigation system using locally-made ceramic pots would allow a minimal and constant watering of the plants in an efficient manner. This would facilitate growing crops to provide basic sustenance by taking advantage of unused urban air space.
The document describes a proposed system for urban fog farming. Nylon mesh humidity catchers would be installed above existing settlements and combined with vegetation. The transpiration from the plants would add extra humidity to the air captured by the nets. A drip irrigation system using locally-made ceramic pots would provide a controlled, low level of water to the plants. This approach would make efficient use of available space and humidity while requiring minimal water through a low-cost irrigation method.
The document discusses redesign plans for Shadow Street to make it a more flexible shared space. It proposes bringing back informal street elements and uses, including shared spaces, access to gray water, and spaces for informal activities. This would make the street a more social space where the market can interact with pedestrians. The redesign aims to reclaim the street through increasing shadow coverage and introducing more informal qualities like storm water pockets and humidity harvesting nets.
The document describes 3 potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola. Site 1 is an existing informal market that operates in an open space without permanent structures. The market serves around 2,500 people currently and will increase to 5,000 people with future development. Site plans and sections are provided showing concepts for adding a permanent roof structure and grid system to provide stalls and organization to the market.
The document describes a water tower that provides fresh water to a local community. It has standardized internal construction for the water tanks and filtration systems that allows for cost-effective mass production. The unique outer skin is locally specific, giving each tower its own identity and creating a sense of place. The space around the tower is designed to be a comfortable civic area providing ventilation, shade, and a place for social gathering.
1. Drainage and water management are major challenges in Luanda, causing problems for urban flow and safety. Open drainage systems can help turn this problem into a resource.
2. An open drainage intervention is proposed, using active drains and storm-water pockets that function differently in dry and rainy seasons. This approach provides spatial qualities, access to water, and turns the drain into a social space.
3. Locally available materials like sandbags, gabon boxes, and sisal plants are proposed to construct drains and control erosion in a way that promotes local production and ecological solutions.
Viana, Angola is a diverse area with informal and formal settlements separated by a highway and train tracks. On the north side is informal housing while the south side has organized housing, shops, and services around a main avenue. There is currently little connection between the two sides. The document discusses possible interventions like developing nodes along existing infrastructure to improve connectivity and add public programs and amenities. It also profiles some residents and their daily routines emphasizing the importance of transportation connections provided by the train.
The document proposes an urban strategy for Luanda that focuses on infrastructure rather than top-down housing. It sees the existing railway as a way to facilitate natural densification and improve informal settlements. The strategy aims to use the railway and stations as generators for infrastructure like drainage, transportation, water and electricity access that support densification. This approach recognizes the skills and initiatives of local residents and aims to empower informal communities through access to resources rather than large-scale resettlement.
The document discusses the importance of rail infrastructure in Angola and continental Africa. It provides historical context on the development of Angola's rail network during colonial times and its decline during civil war. Efforts are now underway to rehabilitate and modernize rail lines in Angola, supported by credit from China. The reopening of the Luanda-Malanje railway line is seen as key to improving access to services and transporting goods efficiently. On a continental scale, developing cross-border rail links through initiatives like the African Union's is aimed at fostering greater integration and reducing poverty through improved infrastructure connectivity.
This document discusses the potential for fog farming in Luanda, Angola. It notes that Luanda experiences little rainfall for most of the year due to ocean currents, but has high humidity. This creates suitable conditions for an experiment in urban fog farming to harvest water from the humid air. The document proposes integrating fog farming techniques on a large scale in Luanda to replace trucked-in water and harness the city's humidity as a renewable water source.
The document discusses water management interventions in Viana, Angola. It describes how open drainage systems and water collection can turn water problems into resources. Intervention #1 involves creating active drains and stormwater pockets that function as social spaces. Intervention #2 centers around developing water towers as identifying landmarks that purify water and create meeting places. The towers are designed to utilize local materials and reference local trees to encourage skills and identity.
The document describes the divided peri-urban area of Viana in Luanda, Angola. It is physically divided by a highway and railway, and socially divided between informal and formal areas. The project aims to bridge this divide by facilitating accessibility and civic spaces. Viana is developing into a diverse place with urban qualities where the zones meet at the train station. However, the zones remain separated with a lack of connection between the two sides.
A sustainable city integrates housing, work and leisure while preserving history and investing in public transportation. This allows for efficient use of resources and creates a self-building relationship between nature and the city.
This document discusses transportation infrastructure challenges in Luanda, Angola. It notes that road infrastructure has not kept pace with urban growth, leading to traffic jams that can extend travel times between Luanda and Viana to 3 hours. The train is a more reliable option, taking only 30 minutes. Informal minibus systems called "chapas" also provide transportation but could be improved. The document proposes that Luanda explore implementing a bus rapid transit system based on existing chapa networks and culture, as well as continuing to support rail transportation to decrease travel times for goods and people. Spending time in Luanda revealed infrastructure as one of the city's greatest challenges, impacting not only traffic but also access to basic facilities for 80
Poor urban residents in Luanda identified water supply and sanitation as problems requiring assistance, but did not see housing or construction as issues needing help. As architects, we could help address Luanda's water challenges through water sensitive urban design that views stormwater as a resource rather than just a nuisance, and integrates water management into urban planning.
1) The project proposes providing infrastructure instead of housing to the 6 million informal dwellers of rapidly growing Luanda, Angola.
2) A key infrastructure intervention is developing along the railway line from Luanda to facilitate existing settlements and future densification.
3) At the Viana Station area, the project aims to bridge the physical and social divide between formal and informal areas on either side of the railway and highway.
The document summarizes plans for improving infrastructure in the Viana area of Luanda, Angola. It discusses:
1. Conducting a traffic study that found most residents use chapas (collective taxis) rather than private cars.
2. Proposing a bridging structure over the railway and highway to provide safer pedestrian access and create an active public space, including accommodating the existing market.
3. Describing how urban fog farming above existing settlements could utilize open areas to assure basic sustenance through humidity capture and drip irrigation.
Poor urban residents in Luanda identified water supply and sanitation as problems requiring assistance, but did not see housing or construction as issues needing help. As architects, we could help address Luanda's water challenges through water sensitive urban design that views stormwater as a resource rather than just a nuisance, and integrates water management into urban planning.
1) The project proposes providing infrastructure instead of housing to the 6 million informal dwellers of rapidly growing Luanda, Angola.
2) A key infrastructure intervention is developing along the railway line from Luanda to facilitate existing settlements and future densification.
3) At the Viana Station area, the project aims to bridge the physical and social divide between formal and informal areas on either side of the railway and highway through accessible civic spaces and infrastructure.
The document describes a proposed system for urban fog farming. Nylon mesh humidity catchers would be installed above existing settlements and combined with vegetation. The transpiration from the plants would add extra humidity to the air captured by the nets. A drip irrigation system using locally-made ceramic pots would allow a minimal and constant watering of the plants in an efficient manner. This would facilitate growing crops to provide basic sustenance by taking advantage of unused urban air space.
The document describes a proposed system for urban fog farming. Nylon mesh humidity catchers would be installed above existing settlements and combined with vegetation. The transpiration from the plants would add extra humidity to the air captured by the nets. A drip irrigation system using locally-made ceramic pots would provide a controlled, low level of water to the plants. This approach would make efficient use of available space and humidity while requiring minimal water through a low-cost irrigation method.
The document discusses redesign plans for Shadow Street to make it a more flexible shared space. It proposes bringing back informal street elements and uses, including shared spaces, access to gray water, and spaces for informal activities. This would make the street a more social space where the market can interact with pedestrians. The redesign aims to reclaim the street through increasing shadow coverage and introducing more informal qualities like storm water pockets and humidity harvesting nets.
The document describes 3 potential sites for architectural interventions in Viana, Angola. Site 1 is an existing informal market that operates in an open space without permanent structures. The market serves around 2,500 people currently and will increase to 5,000 people with future development. Site plans and sections are provided showing concepts for adding a permanent roof structure and grid system to provide stalls and organization to the market.
The document describes a water tower that provides fresh water to a local community. It has standardized internal construction for the water tanks and filtration systems that allows for cost-effective mass production. The unique outer skin is locally specific, giving each tower its own identity and creating a sense of place. The space around the tower is designed to be a comfortable civic area providing ventilation, shade, and a place for social gathering.
1. Drainage and water management are major challenges in Luanda, causing problems for urban flow and safety. Open drainage systems can help turn this problem into a resource.
2. An open drainage intervention is proposed, using active drains and storm-water pockets that function differently in dry and rainy seasons. This approach provides spatial qualities, access to water, and turns the drain into a social space.
3. Locally available materials like sandbags, gabon boxes, and sisal plants are proposed to construct drains and control erosion in a way that promotes local production and ecological solutions.
Viana, Angola is a diverse area with informal and formal settlements separated by a highway and train tracks. On the north side is informal housing while the south side has organized housing, shops, and services around a main avenue. There is currently little connection between the two sides. The document discusses possible interventions like developing nodes along existing infrastructure to improve connectivity and add public programs and amenities. It also profiles some residents and their daily routines emphasizing the importance of transportation connections provided by the train.
The document proposes an urban strategy for Luanda that focuses on infrastructure rather than top-down housing. It sees the existing railway as a way to facilitate natural densification and improve informal settlements. The strategy aims to use the railway and stations as generators for infrastructure like drainage, transportation, water and electricity access that support densification. This approach recognizes the skills and initiatives of local residents and aims to empower informal communities through access to resources rather than large-scale resettlement.
The document discusses the importance of rail infrastructure in Angola and continental Africa. It provides historical context on the development of Angola's rail network during colonial times and its decline during civil war. Efforts are now underway to rehabilitate and modernize rail lines in Angola, supported by credit from China. The reopening of the Luanda-Malanje railway line is seen as key to improving access to services and transporting goods efficiently. On a continental scale, developing cross-border rail links through initiatives like the African Union's is aimed at fostering greater integration and reducing poverty through improved infrastructure connectivity.
7. VEGETATION
BROADLEAF EVERGREEN FOREST
UNDIFFERENTIATED GRASSLAND AND WOODLAND
DECIDUOUS FOREST AND GRASS
GRASSLAND
SAVANNA
BRUSH
DESERT
8. Luanda - rapid growth in population and size
1980 - 19,42 Km2
1989 - 100,80 Km2
1998 - 253,27 Km2
2000 - 270,05 Km2
2010 - 350,00 Km2
9. The country continues to face
massive developmental challenges
including reducing the dependency
on oil and diversifying the economy,
rebuilding its infrastructure, improving
institutional capacity, governance,
public financial management systems,
human development indicators and
the living conditions of the population.
(World Bank)
10. LUANDA TENTANG
LUANDA MUCEQUES
VIANA
BAIA
CATETE
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
CASSULALA
NDALAHUI
LUINHA
CONHOCA
and the 16 railway stops along the way
Rehabiliting the 480 km long CFL railway
LUCALA
N’DALATANDO
KIZENGA
CAMBUZE
CACUSO
LOMBE
COMBOLO
MELANJE
14. BEFORE THE WAR, MOST PEOPLE SUPPORTED
THEMSELVES BY SMALL-SCALE FARMING
15. RURAL AREAS AND FARMLAND ARE MANY PLACES
LEFT USELESS, LITTERED BY LAND MINES.
IN THE INLANDS, BIG AREAS OF FORMER
FARMLANDS ALSO SUFFERS FROM DEGRADATION
OF THE FERTILE SOILS
16. People migrating to the capital as a result of the civil war
- the larger towns and cities were more safe
18. UN Habitat’s Executive Director Anna Tibaijuka called upon President dos
Santos to allocate 10% of Angola’s oil income to upgrading vital social services
such as housing, plumbing, clean water and electricity and praised Angola’s
stated commitment toward a slum revitalization program. Approximately 85% of
Angolans live in slum conditions surrounding major cities.
In April 2009, Angola announced the creation of a special fund to build one
million houses over the next four years. Three months later in July, three
thousand families were forcibly evicted from the Luanda neighborhoods of Iraque
and Bagdad, utterly demolishing homes and possessions.
“Armed police, soldiers and presidential guards arrived in both neighbourhoods at
3am on 20 July and ordered people out of their homes before bulldozers began
to demolish the houses. The residents stood and watched as their homes were
being demolished. Some of those who tried to stop the demolitions were beaten.”
Since 2001, Amnesty International has documented the forcible eviction of more
than 10,000 persons from slum dwellings in Angola, often accompanied by
violence including police indiscriminately firing their weapons and beating women
and children.
Source: Amnesty International
19. 1,000,000 houses to be built by 2012 - is to inculde social housing for the poor
- has been critisized as being million dollar houses
27. WORKING ON BOTH TOP-DOWN
AND BOTTOM-UP-STRATEGIES.
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION
DEPENDS ON THE BOTTOM-UP
PERSPECTIVES’ INFLUENCE ON
THE TOP-DOWN STRATEGIES.
28. THE URBAN CORRIDOR (Luanda)
DIFFUSE SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT (Railway potential)
29. Working in the transition zone in Luanda,
from urban corridor towards a ‘diffuse’ development.
30. Make usage of the human potentials at the site,
facilitate local initiatives
KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS
ENTHUSIASM
POTENTIALS
31. Poor urban residents identified water
supply and better in-site sanitations
facilities as problems for which they
require assistance (...) Housing and
constructions, however, were not
identified by the poor urban resident
as problems for which they needed
assistance.
Deveolopment Workshop,
Poverty Reduction in Urban Areas, p 13
33. “When you no longer improve your house,
you are close to death”
Arab proverb (Barefoot Architect, p 71)
34. TOP-DOWN STRATEGY
VS
1 000 000 APPARTMENTS 1 000 000 SOLAR PANELS
Top-down support of mass Top-down support of site,
produced appartments. sanitation systems and
energy support
Lack of sanitation systems
and energy supply Lack of building mass
35. FØRST DETTE; SÅ DETTE..
BASIC RIGHTS FOR SOCIAL
BASIC NEEDS FOR HOUSING SITUATION DEVELOPMENT
These needs are crutial to cover as a re- EDUCATION
quirement to enable social development HEALTH CARE
INFRASTRUCTURE
+LAND! EMPLOIMENT
40. SUGGESTION FOR TOP-DOWN STRATEGY SUPPORTING BASIC HOUSING NEEDS
-PAVING THE WAY FOR SELF-SUSTAINING LIVING UNITS.
41. LUANDA TENTANG
MACRO
ZENZA DO ITOMBE
N’DALATANDO
MELANJE
CASSULALA
COMBOLO
NDALAHUI
CONHOCA
CAMBUZE
KIZENGA
LUANDA
CACUSO
LUCALA
LUINHA
CATETE
LOMBE
VIANA
BAIA
African Union’s work towards a more united continent Raillines as a part of this program
Potential new development
MEZO
Work towards inclusiveness and community Node thinking in Luanda’s outer areas and growth zones
Mezoscale identity
MICRO
Participation in process Railway station as local generator
42. “The butterfly effect is a metaphor that encap-
sulates the concept of sensitive dependence
on initial conditions in chaos theory; namely, a
small change at one place in a complex sys-
tem can have large effects elsewhere. Although
this may appear to be an esoteric and unusual
behavior, it is exhibited by very simple systems:
for example, a ball placed at the crest of a hill
might roll into any of several valleys depend-
ing on slight differences in initial position. The
butterfly effect is a common trope in fiction
when presenting scenarios involving time travel
and with “what if” cases where one storyline
diverges at the moment of a seemingly minor
event resulting in two significantly different
outcomes.”
Wikipedia