Google Drive is a cloud-based file storage and synchronization service that allows users to store files, share files with others, and access files from any device. It includes apps like Google Docs, Sheets, Slides, Forms, Calendar, and Drawing that allow real-time collaboration. The presentation uses an example of a coworker being able to present a meeting successfully by sharing files on Google Drive after the scheduled presenter overslept and couldn't make it, highlighting how Drive enables easy file sharing and collaboration from any device.