This document discusses various parliamentary devices used in the Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, including unstarred questions, calling attention motions, private member resolutions, half-hour discussions, and cut motions. It provides examples of how Samarthan Center for Budget Studies has utilized these devices, such as submitting unstarred questions regarding agricultural land erosion and completion of a footbridge. The responses from ministers are also summarized. Overall, the document outlines key legislative tools and how Samarthan advocates for various public issues.
The Charter of 1726 established several reforms to the judicial administration in British settlements in India. It created municipal corporations in each presidency town headed by a mayor. It also established the Mayor's Court to handle civil and testamentary cases according to English law and allow appeals first to the local governor's council and ultimately to the Privy Council in England. This charter helped introduce English law to India for the first time and established a royal judicial system and appeals process that would last over two centuries.
THIS PPT DESCRIBES SOME CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES WHICH SHOULD BE MADE AND FUNCTIONED ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA.
THE DATA IN THIS PPT IS TAKEN FROM THE https://www.clearias.com/constitutional-bodies/
Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers which proposes dividing the sovereign power of a state among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This was intended to prevent tyranny and protect liberty. He argued each branch should have distinct and independent powers to check the others. While complete separation is impossible, the theory emphasizes limiting concentration of power. It influenced government designs like the US Constitution's system of checks and balances among the three branches.
The 1935 Government of India Act introduced several reforms and established the framework for provincial autonomy in British India. Key points of the Act included establishing an All India Federation with a bicameral federal legislature, reorganizing provincial governments under governors, introducing provincial autonomy but governors retained significant power, establishing lists of responsibilities for federal and provincial governments, and increasing the Indian electorate to around 14%. However, the British government still maintained authority to amend the Act.
The British constitution is not set out in a single document but rather has evolved over many years through a combination of written laws, court rulings, conventions and traditions. It serves several functions including distributing power, protecting freedoms, defining limits on government, and providing stability. Unlike other nations like the US, the British constitution is partly written and uncodified, with sources scattered across documents, and can be amended through regular acts of parliament rather than a special process. Recent constitutional reforms under New Labour focused on areas like the House of Lords, devolution, freedom of information and human rights.
The document summarizes key aspects of South Africa's 1996 constitution:
- It established a democratic system of government based on human rights and equality after the end of apartheid.
- The Bill of Rights protects fundamental freedoms and prohibits discrimination. It can only be amended by a two-thirds parliamentary majority.
- Other principles include human dignity, the rule of law, regular elections, multi-party democracy, and official recognition of multiple languages.
The Privy Council originated from the Norman Curia Regis in medieval England and evolved to become the highest court of appeals for the British Empire, including India. It heard appeals from various colonial courts. Over time, the Curia Regis split into the Curia Regis which performed judicial functions and became the precursor to the Privy Council, and the Magnum Concillium which dealt with executive matters. The Privy Council was formally established in the mid-16th century as an advisory body to the King. Charters from the 1700s granted Indians the right to appeal cases from local courts to the Privy Council. This continued until 1949 when India abolished the Privy Council's jurisdiction with the passage of the Pri
The Charter of 1726 established several reforms to the judicial administration in British settlements in India. It created municipal corporations in each presidency town headed by a mayor. It also established the Mayor's Court to handle civil and testamentary cases according to English law and allow appeals first to the local governor's council and ultimately to the Privy Council in England. This charter helped introduce English law to India for the first time and established a royal judicial system and appeals process that would last over two centuries.
THIS PPT DESCRIBES SOME CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES WHICH SHOULD BE MADE AND FUNCTIONED ACCORDING TO THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA.
THE DATA IN THIS PPT IS TAKEN FROM THE https://www.clearias.com/constitutional-bodies/
Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers which proposes dividing the sovereign power of a state among legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This was intended to prevent tyranny and protect liberty. He argued each branch should have distinct and independent powers to check the others. While complete separation is impossible, the theory emphasizes limiting concentration of power. It influenced government designs like the US Constitution's system of checks and balances among the three branches.
The 1935 Government of India Act introduced several reforms and established the framework for provincial autonomy in British India. Key points of the Act included establishing an All India Federation with a bicameral federal legislature, reorganizing provincial governments under governors, introducing provincial autonomy but governors retained significant power, establishing lists of responsibilities for federal and provincial governments, and increasing the Indian electorate to around 14%. However, the British government still maintained authority to amend the Act.
The British constitution is not set out in a single document but rather has evolved over many years through a combination of written laws, court rulings, conventions and traditions. It serves several functions including distributing power, protecting freedoms, defining limits on government, and providing stability. Unlike other nations like the US, the British constitution is partly written and uncodified, with sources scattered across documents, and can be amended through regular acts of parliament rather than a special process. Recent constitutional reforms under New Labour focused on areas like the House of Lords, devolution, freedom of information and human rights.
The document summarizes key aspects of South Africa's 1996 constitution:
- It established a democratic system of government based on human rights and equality after the end of apartheid.
- The Bill of Rights protects fundamental freedoms and prohibits discrimination. It can only be amended by a two-thirds parliamentary majority.
- Other principles include human dignity, the rule of law, regular elections, multi-party democracy, and official recognition of multiple languages.
The Privy Council originated from the Norman Curia Regis in medieval England and evolved to become the highest court of appeals for the British Empire, including India. It heard appeals from various colonial courts. Over time, the Curia Regis split into the Curia Regis which performed judicial functions and became the precursor to the Privy Council, and the Magnum Concillium which dealt with executive matters. The Privy Council was formally established in the mid-16th century as an advisory body to the King. Charters from the 1700s granted Indians the right to appeal cases from local courts to the Privy Council. This continued until 1949 when India abolished the Privy Council's jurisdiction with the passage of the Pri
The Dravidian Movement emerged in the early 20th century in response to Brahmin domination in the Madras Presidency region of British India. The spread of Western education and Christianity gave non-Brahmin castes new awareness and resentment of upper caste control. The Justice Party was formed in 1917 to counter Congress Party influence, but it had a narrow urban base. In 1925, E.V. Ramaswami ("Periyar") founded the self-respect movement with a Dravidian ideology to remove Brahmin social and political control. It grew mass support and merged with the Justice Party in 1944 to form the Dravida Kazhagam led by Periyar. Later, a split formed the
The document discusses the evolution of bureaucracy and civil services under British rule in India from 1765 to 1947. It covers key developments such as:
1) The East India Company acquired administrative powers in 1765 and civil services were divided into covenanted and uncovenanted branches.
2) Reforms from the late 18th century aimed to professionalize civil services through institutions like Fort William College and open recruitment.
3) The 1858 Act established the Indian Civil Service through open competitive exams in London. Self-governance institutions also expanded gradually over time.
4) The civil services were centralized and hierarchical but decentralization efforts grew from the early 20th century onward through commissions and Acts.
Lecture 3 parliament the legislative processfatima d
The document summarizes the legislative process in the United Kingdom. It outlines that Parliament is composed of the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Commons is elected and the ruling party forms the government. A bill goes through several stages in both houses, including committee review and amendments, before receiving royal assent to become an Act of Parliament. Parliament is sovereign and can repeal previous laws, though European and human rights law can limit this sovereignty.
This document provides an overview of the judicial process in India from ancient to present times. It discusses:
1) The historical background of India's judicial system, which developed gradually over time and was influenced by the Constitution.
2) Ancient India had a well-developed system of civil and criminal law based on Dharma Shastra, Smritis, and Arthashastra texts. It included concepts like plaint, written statement, and res judicata.
3) The present Indian judicial system established by the Constitution includes the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts. It also discusses the litigation process and role of judicial process in social ordering through maintaining rights and duties.
This document discusses direct and indirect elections. Direct elections allow voters to directly cast ballots for political candidates or parties. Indirect elections involve voters selecting electors who then choose political leaders. Some advantages of direct elections are that it gives citizens direct choice over their representatives. Indirect elections are used in countries like Pakistan, India, and Turkey to select heads of state. Advocates argue it can select more qualified leaders, but critics say it is less democratic and opens the system to more political corruption.
The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and increased self-government in India. It divided powers between the central and provincial governments through three lists and established a federation, though the princely states did not join. The Act introduced bicameral legislatures in some provinces and extended voting rights, though it maintained separate electorates. It established institutions like the Reserve Bank of India and public service commissions. However, the federal provisions did not come into effect and the Act was replaced after independence.
This document discusses the concept of judicial review in India. It defines judicial review as the power of courts to review laws enacted by the legislature and declare them unconstitutional. It outlines that judicial review originated in the US and was later incorporated into the Indian constitution. The document discusses important cases where judicial review was exercised in India and explains that the power helps maintain the balance of federalism and protect fundamental rights. It also lists the relevant constitutional provisions and scope of judicial review in India.
The American Constitution was enacted in 1789 at the Philadelphia convention, consisting of just 7,000 words across 7 articles and now includes 26 amendments. Key features include being written, brief, rigid, establishing federalism and separation of powers, along with checks and balances between the three branches of government. It also outlines a presidential system, bicameral legislature, and protection of fundamental rights.
Administrative law is one of the important subject of law. It is very complicated topic . Here i provide you a Basic note of Administrative that will be helpful to your law entrance examination.
The document discusses various theories of sovereignty. It begins by defining sovereignty and providing different definitions from sources like Bodin, Grotius, and Soltau. It then summarizes the essential elements of sovereignty according to these definitions. The document goes on to discuss theories of sovereignty from different perspectives, including Marxist theory, Salmond's theory, Austin's theory, and theories related to federal constitutions. It analyzes concepts of sovereignty from these different lenses and discusses debates around the concept.
The document discusses constitutional conventions in the UK constitution. It notes that conventions are established rules of practice that are not legally enforceable but are considered binding. Conventions provide flexibility to the rigid rules of law and help the democratic process work smoothly. However, conventions rely on acceptance and can change with contemporary attitudes. The document examines examples of key conventions like collective ministerial responsibility.
Judiciary in the united kingdom (english)sugirtha m
This document summarizes the judiciary system in the United Kingdom. It outlines the key features of the British judicial system including the rule of law, the absence of a single court system and administrative courts, and the high quality of justice. It describes the different types of laws in practice in England such as common law, statutory law, and equity law. The structure of the judiciary is explained including civil courts like county courts and the supreme court, as well as criminal courts. Details are provided about the supreme court such as its inauguration in 2009 and composition of 12 judges.
Analytical Positivism And H. L. A. Hart S Concept Of LawJennifer Daniel
This document provides an overview of analytical positivism and H.L.A. Hart's concept of law. It discusses the key thinkers and schools associated with analytical positivism, including Jeremy Bentham, John Austin, and the Austinian school. Bentham defined law as the will or command of the sovereign. Austin built upon Bentham's theory and developed his own imperative theory of law, viewing law as the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. Austin is considered the founder of the analytical school/positivism, which takes a positive approach to analyzing existing laws rather than ideals.
1) Warren Hasting introduced the First Judicial Plan in 1772 as the Governor of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to reform the administration of justice and revenue collection.
2) The plan established Mofussil Diwani Adalats and Mofussil Faujdari Adalats in each district to handle civil and criminal cases respectively. It divided the territories into districts with an English collector appointed as the judge and administrator of each district.
3) The plan aimed to regulate the judicial system while retaining native laws and traditions as much as possible. However, it concentrated administrative, tax and judicial powers with collectors, leading to issues of corruption.
The 1909 Indian Councils Act, also known as the Minto-Morely Reforms, increased representation of Indians in the legislative councils and made changes to the electoral system. It enlarged the size of the central and provincial legislative councils, increasing the number of non-official Indian members. It introduced separate electorates based on religion and other groupings. Finally, it expanded the powers of legislative councils to discuss more issues, though the president retained final approval over resolutions.
The 1861 Indian Councils Act made several changes to the central and provincial governments in British India. It enlarged the Governor General's Executive Council to 5 members including 3 ordinary members, 1 law member, and 1 finance member. It also empowered the Governor General to appoint 6 to 12 additional members to the new Central Legislative Council, at least half of whom had to be non-official Indians. The act also restored legislative powers to the provincial legislatures of Bombay and Madras by enlarging their executive councils by 4 to 8 members for 2-year terms, though their lawmaking was subject to the Governor General's sanction.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
The document discusses the amendment process of the Constitution of India as outlined in Article 368. It provides that amendments can be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament. The bill must be passed by a special majority in each house and receive presidential assent. Some provisions also require ratification by half the state legislatures. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. The document outlines the different classes of amendments and criticisms of the current process. It examines the scope of amendability and summarizes some major constitutional amendments that have been passed.
Criminal judicial system under Muslim periodIshtiakH0ssain
The document summarizes the criminal judicial system under the Muslim period in medieval India. It describes the establishment of courts at various administrative levels, from the village level up to the central courts in Delhi under both the Sultanate and Mughal rule. The judicial hierarchy included courts for civil, criminal, and revenue cases. Punishments under Muslim law included fixed penalties (hadd), discretionary punishments (tazir), and retaliation/blood money (qisas and diya) depending on if the crime was against God, the king, or an individual.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
The Dravidian Movement emerged in the early 20th century in response to Brahmin domination in the Madras Presidency region of British India. The spread of Western education and Christianity gave non-Brahmin castes new awareness and resentment of upper caste control. The Justice Party was formed in 1917 to counter Congress Party influence, but it had a narrow urban base. In 1925, E.V. Ramaswami ("Periyar") founded the self-respect movement with a Dravidian ideology to remove Brahmin social and political control. It grew mass support and merged with the Justice Party in 1944 to form the Dravida Kazhagam led by Periyar. Later, a split formed the
The document discusses the evolution of bureaucracy and civil services under British rule in India from 1765 to 1947. It covers key developments such as:
1) The East India Company acquired administrative powers in 1765 and civil services were divided into covenanted and uncovenanted branches.
2) Reforms from the late 18th century aimed to professionalize civil services through institutions like Fort William College and open recruitment.
3) The 1858 Act established the Indian Civil Service through open competitive exams in London. Self-governance institutions also expanded gradually over time.
4) The civil services were centralized and hierarchical but decentralization efforts grew from the early 20th century onward through commissions and Acts.
Lecture 3 parliament the legislative processfatima d
The document summarizes the legislative process in the United Kingdom. It outlines that Parliament is composed of the House of Commons and House of Lords. The House of Commons is elected and the ruling party forms the government. A bill goes through several stages in both houses, including committee review and amendments, before receiving royal assent to become an Act of Parliament. Parliament is sovereign and can repeal previous laws, though European and human rights law can limit this sovereignty.
This document provides an overview of the judicial process in India from ancient to present times. It discusses:
1) The historical background of India's judicial system, which developed gradually over time and was influenced by the Constitution.
2) Ancient India had a well-developed system of civil and criminal law based on Dharma Shastra, Smritis, and Arthashastra texts. It included concepts like plaint, written statement, and res judicata.
3) The present Indian judicial system established by the Constitution includes the Supreme Court, High Courts, and subordinate courts. It also discusses the litigation process and role of judicial process in social ordering through maintaining rights and duties.
This document discusses direct and indirect elections. Direct elections allow voters to directly cast ballots for political candidates or parties. Indirect elections involve voters selecting electors who then choose political leaders. Some advantages of direct elections are that it gives citizens direct choice over their representatives. Indirect elections are used in countries like Pakistan, India, and Turkey to select heads of state. Advocates argue it can select more qualified leaders, but critics say it is less democratic and opens the system to more political corruption.
The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced provincial autonomy and increased self-government in India. It divided powers between the central and provincial governments through three lists and established a federation, though the princely states did not join. The Act introduced bicameral legislatures in some provinces and extended voting rights, though it maintained separate electorates. It established institutions like the Reserve Bank of India and public service commissions. However, the federal provisions did not come into effect and the Act was replaced after independence.
This document discusses the concept of judicial review in India. It defines judicial review as the power of courts to review laws enacted by the legislature and declare them unconstitutional. It outlines that judicial review originated in the US and was later incorporated into the Indian constitution. The document discusses important cases where judicial review was exercised in India and explains that the power helps maintain the balance of federalism and protect fundamental rights. It also lists the relevant constitutional provisions and scope of judicial review in India.
The American Constitution was enacted in 1789 at the Philadelphia convention, consisting of just 7,000 words across 7 articles and now includes 26 amendments. Key features include being written, brief, rigid, establishing federalism and separation of powers, along with checks and balances between the three branches of government. It also outlines a presidential system, bicameral legislature, and protection of fundamental rights.
Administrative law is one of the important subject of law. It is very complicated topic . Here i provide you a Basic note of Administrative that will be helpful to your law entrance examination.
The document discusses various theories of sovereignty. It begins by defining sovereignty and providing different definitions from sources like Bodin, Grotius, and Soltau. It then summarizes the essential elements of sovereignty according to these definitions. The document goes on to discuss theories of sovereignty from different perspectives, including Marxist theory, Salmond's theory, Austin's theory, and theories related to federal constitutions. It analyzes concepts of sovereignty from these different lenses and discusses debates around the concept.
The document discusses constitutional conventions in the UK constitution. It notes that conventions are established rules of practice that are not legally enforceable but are considered binding. Conventions provide flexibility to the rigid rules of law and help the democratic process work smoothly. However, conventions rely on acceptance and can change with contemporary attitudes. The document examines examples of key conventions like collective ministerial responsibility.
Judiciary in the united kingdom (english)sugirtha m
This document summarizes the judiciary system in the United Kingdom. It outlines the key features of the British judicial system including the rule of law, the absence of a single court system and administrative courts, and the high quality of justice. It describes the different types of laws in practice in England such as common law, statutory law, and equity law. The structure of the judiciary is explained including civil courts like county courts and the supreme court, as well as criminal courts. Details are provided about the supreme court such as its inauguration in 2009 and composition of 12 judges.
Analytical Positivism And H. L. A. Hart S Concept Of LawJennifer Daniel
This document provides an overview of analytical positivism and H.L.A. Hart's concept of law. It discusses the key thinkers and schools associated with analytical positivism, including Jeremy Bentham, John Austin, and the Austinian school. Bentham defined law as the will or command of the sovereign. Austin built upon Bentham's theory and developed his own imperative theory of law, viewing law as the command of the sovereign backed by sanctions. Austin is considered the founder of the analytical school/positivism, which takes a positive approach to analyzing existing laws rather than ideals.
1) Warren Hasting introduced the First Judicial Plan in 1772 as the Governor of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to reform the administration of justice and revenue collection.
2) The plan established Mofussil Diwani Adalats and Mofussil Faujdari Adalats in each district to handle civil and criminal cases respectively. It divided the territories into districts with an English collector appointed as the judge and administrator of each district.
3) The plan aimed to regulate the judicial system while retaining native laws and traditions as much as possible. However, it concentrated administrative, tax and judicial powers with collectors, leading to issues of corruption.
The 1909 Indian Councils Act, also known as the Minto-Morely Reforms, increased representation of Indians in the legislative councils and made changes to the electoral system. It enlarged the size of the central and provincial legislative councils, increasing the number of non-official Indian members. It introduced separate electorates based on religion and other groupings. Finally, it expanded the powers of legislative councils to discuss more issues, though the president retained final approval over resolutions.
The 1861 Indian Councils Act made several changes to the central and provincial governments in British India. It enlarged the Governor General's Executive Council to 5 members including 3 ordinary members, 1 law member, and 1 finance member. It also empowered the Governor General to appoint 6 to 12 additional members to the new Central Legislative Council, at least half of whom had to be non-official Indians. The act also restored legislative powers to the provincial legislatures of Bombay and Madras by enlarging their executive councils by 4 to 8 members for 2-year terms, though their lawmaking was subject to the Governor General's sanction.
Parliamentary sovereignty is a most thinkable constitutional principle of UK's west minister system of parliament. So, here we discuss some important issues on parliamentary sovereignty.
The document discusses the amendment process of the Constitution of India as outlined in Article 368. It provides that amendments can be initiated by introduction of a bill in either house of Parliament. The bill must be passed by a special majority in each house and receive presidential assent. Some provisions also require ratification by half the state legislatures. The Supreme Court has ruled that amendments cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution. The document outlines the different classes of amendments and criticisms of the current process. It examines the scope of amendability and summarizes some major constitutional amendments that have been passed.
Criminal judicial system under Muslim periodIshtiakH0ssain
The document summarizes the criminal judicial system under the Muslim period in medieval India. It describes the establishment of courts at various administrative levels, from the village level up to the central courts in Delhi under both the Sultanate and Mughal rule. The judicial hierarchy included courts for civil, criminal, and revenue cases. Punishments under Muslim law included fixed penalties (hadd), discretionary punishments (tazir), and retaliation/blood money (qisas and diya) depending on if the crime was against God, the king, or an individual.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Use of parliamentary devices to control over executive
1. ““Use of ParliamentaryUse of Parliamentary
Devices: Legislative andDevices: Legislative and
financial Control overfinancial Control over
Executive”Executive”
By Maitreya Hyaling,By Maitreya Hyaling,
Samarthan Center for Budget Studies,Samarthan Center for Budget Studies,
Mumbai.Mumbai.
2. 1)1) The Question HourThe Question Hour
One of the most important and effective parliamentary devicesOne of the most important and effective parliamentary devices
through which matters of urgent public importance can be raisedthrough which matters of urgent public importance can be raised
on the floor of the house and the accountability of theon the floor of the house and the accountability of the
administration ensured is the Question Procedure. The first houradministration ensured is the Question Procedure. The first hour
of every sitting is normally devoted to questions. A question mayof every sitting is normally devoted to questions. A question may
be asked for the purpose of obtaining information on a matter ofbe asked for the purpose of obtaining information on a matter of
public concern, within the cognizance of the Minister of whom itpublic concern, within the cognizance of the Minister of whom it
is addressedis addressed
Questions are of three types:Questions are of three types:
A.A. Starred Questions, A starred Questions is one to which a memberStarred Questions, A starred Questions is one to which a member
desires an oral answer in the House.desires an oral answer in the House.
B.B. Un-starred Question no oral answers to them are to be given butUn-starred Question no oral answers to them are to be given but
such Questions and answers thereto are placed on the table of thesuch Questions and answers thereto are placed on the table of the
Assembly and are printed in the official report of proceedingsAssembly and are printed in the official report of proceedings
under the heading "Un-starred Question".under the heading "Un-starred Question".
3. ……
Short Notice Questions. A member who desires an immediateShort Notice Questions. A member who desires an immediate
reply to a Question of an urgent nature gives notice of it toreply to a Question of an urgent nature gives notice of it to
the Secretary which should not be earlier than seven daysthe Secretary which should not be earlier than seven days
prior to the commencement of the session, or an adjournedprior to the commencement of the session, or an adjourned
session.session. Samarthan's example for a un-starred questionSamarthan's example for a un-starred question
during monsoon session.during monsoon session.
Samarthans Unstarred Questions (List no 31 QustinSamarthans Unstarred Questions (List no 31 Qustin
no. 1284 july 2010.)no. 1284 july 2010.)
1.1. "The irrosion of the agriculurural land due to saline water, the"The irrosion of the agriculurural land due to saline water, the
villeges of Farare Mohalla, Vashishti, Dabhol is affected. To protect thevilleges of Farare Mohalla, Vashishti, Dabhol is affected. To protect the
land from Saline water from the creak of khed and Ratnagiri weland from Saline water from the creak of khed and Ratnagiri we
demanded protective wall which will protect the agricultural land fromdemanded protective wall which will protect the agricultural land from
the salined water from the Creak".the salined water from the Creak". Samarthan with the help of otherSamarthan with the help of other
MLA has put an Unstarred QuestionMLA has put an Unstarred Question
4. ……
the demand was the Port called Mirrya which at Ratanagiri should bethe demand was the Port called Mirrya which at Ratanagiri should be
protected with Anti Erosive Wall to restrict the saline water and the erosionprotected with Anti Erosive Wall to restrict the saline water and the erosion
and infertility of the Agricultural land.and infertility of the Agricultural land.
The law and justice minister of state replied thatThe law and justice minister of state replied that "government replied that"government replied that
government has decided the work of off shore Reef to with the help ofgovernment has decided the work of off shore Reef to with the help of
Asian Development Bank, project report of the same is ready, as soon asAsian Development Bank, project report of the same is ready, as soon as
government approved the report the work will start.“government approved the report the work will start.“
2.2. Samarthan has given the government of maharashtraSamarthan has given the government of maharashtra " An ppeal to" An ppeal to
complet the building of footover bridge which is was going on at naigaoncomplet the building of footover bridge which is was going on at naigaon
railway station, linking juchandra , tiwari, rajawali sasunvaghar,railway station, linking juchandra , tiwari, rajawali sasunvaghar,
malajipada, kolho, chinchoti and kamam,"malajipada, kolho, chinchoti and kamam,"
5. ……
Samarthan was following the issue since 30 November 2009 and on 20thSamarthan was following the issue since 30 November 2009 and on 20th
July agin it was used as a Un-starred Question as per the list of the answerJuly agin it was used as a Un-starred Question as per the list of the answer
given by Chief Minister of Maharashtra Mr. Ashok Chavan,given by Chief Minister of Maharashtra Mr. Ashok Chavan, "The"The
government has started completing the Construction of the building ofgovernment has started completing the Construction of the building of
the bridge and for the same another 56.25 crore has assigned to broadenthe bridge and for the same another 56.25 crore has assigned to broaden
the road also. government is trying to broaden the road but the landthe road also. government is trying to broaden the road but the land
require comes under maritime board of the Indian government as soonrequire comes under maritime board of the Indian government as soon
as Indian government gives the land the roads will be broade".as Indian government gives the land the roads will be broade".
6. 2) Calling Attention Motion2) Calling Attention Motion
Other important device which Samarthan uses in this Session isOther important device which Samarthan uses in this Session is
Private Member Resolution. which is accepted by the MaharashtraPrivate Member Resolution. which is accepted by the Maharashtra
Legislature. A member may, with the previous permission of theLegislature. A member may, with the previous permission of the
Chairman or the Speaker, as the case may be, call the attention of aChairman or the Speaker, as the case may be, call the attention of a
Minister to any matter of urgent public importance and the MinisterMinister to any matter of urgent public importance and the Minister
may move a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at amay move a brief statement or ask for time to make a statement at a
later hour or date.later hour or date.
There is no debate on such statement. The proposed matters areThere is no debate on such statement. The proposed matters are
raised after the questions and before the List of Business is enteredraised after the questions and before the List of Business is entered
upon and at no other time during the sitting of theupon and at no other time during the sitting of the
Council/Assembly.Council/Assembly.
7. Calling Attention motion:Calling Attention motion: "Demand Increase in the Grant"Demand Increase in the Grant
Given to the aided Adiwasi Ashram School as per Dearnes Index".Given to the aided Adiwasi Ashram School as per Dearnes Index".
(This Calling Attention Motion was as per Maharashtra Legislative(This Calling Attention Motion was as per Maharashtra Legislative
Act- 102)Act- 102)
Samarhtna with the help of The MLA`s From Various parties useSamarhtna with the help of The MLA`s From Various parties use
legistative device,legistative device, calling attention motioncalling attention motion, in the state assembly, in the state assembly
session of the july 2010. it was related to the funds given to thesession of the july 2010. it was related to the funds given to the
Adiwasi ashram schood are insufficient and that should beAdiwasi ashram schood are insufficient and that should be
increase and given as per the Dearness index:increase and given as per the Dearness index:
The main demands of the samarthan was:The main demands of the samarthan was:
All The post in the aided ashram shool should be filled as per theAll The post in the aided ashram shool should be filled as per the
government`s Ashram school.government`s Ashram school.
8. On the basis of the number of Atrocities on Adiwasi girls, the post of ladyOn the basis of the number of Atrocities on Adiwasi girls, the post of lady
constable and superintendent should be created and filled immediately in eachconstable and superintendent should be created and filled immediately in each
Ashram School.Ashram School.
To improve the quality of the education in Ashram School, A separated AcademicTo improve the quality of the education in Ashram School, A separated Academic
Body should be Established.Body should be Established.
Students from Aided Ashram school should be given cloths, stationary and otherStudents from Aided Ashram school should be given cloths, stationary and other
medical facilities as given to Government Ashram School.medical facilities as given to Government Ashram School.
on behalf of The government of Maharashtra Adiwasi Minister Said:on behalf of The government of Maharashtra Adiwasi Minister Said:
1.Regarding the increase in the Grants towards the aided Ashram schools, a committee1.Regarding the increase in the Grants towards the aided Ashram schools, a committee
is established for the same as per the recommendation of the committee theis established for the same as per the recommendation of the committee the
decision will be taken.decision will be taken.
2.The government is about to create the post of lady constable and superintendent.2.The government is about to create the post of lady constable and superintendent.
3. regarding Quality education and all other matters the administrative changes will be3. regarding Quality education and all other matters the administrative changes will be
done as per the requirementdone as per the requirement
4. Government has ordered medical officer to visit the Ashram School each month.4. Government has ordered medical officer to visit the Ashram School each month.
5. The cloths, stationary and other requirement may be provided after the due5. The cloths, stationary and other requirement may be provided after the due
consultation as provide to Government Ashram Schools.consultation as provide to Government Ashram Schools.
9. Private Members Resolution :Private Members Resolution : A member who wishes to move a resolution has toA member who wishes to move a resolution has to
give 15 clear days' notice ( 12 clear days' notice in case of the council) before thegive 15 clear days' notice ( 12 clear days' notice in case of the council) before the
date appointed for the disposal of the private members' resolutions and shalldate appointed for the disposal of the private members' resolutions and shall
together with the notice submit a copy of the resolution which he wishes to move.together with the notice submit a copy of the resolution which he wishes to move.
No member is permitted to send in notices of more than five resolutions during oneNo member is permitted to send in notices of more than five resolutions during one
session of the Council/Assembly. The relative precedence of the notices issession of the Council/Assembly. The relative precedence of the notices is
determined by ballot.determined by ballot.
The irrosion of the sea shore due to the saline water at pachu Bandar, suruchi baug,The irrosion of the sea shore due to the saline water at pachu Bandar, suruchi baug,
rangaon, watar, satpale, rajodi, kalamb and arnala a unstarred question wasrangaon, watar, satpale, rajodi, kalamb and arnala a unstarred question was
accepted on 19th november 2009 as per the list 41 the appeal of samarthan wasaccepted on 19th november 2009 as per the list 41 the appeal of samarthan was
accepted but no action was taken, again in the assembly session of jully 2010 againaccepted but no action was taken, again in the assembly session of jully 2010 again
with the help of other MLA on 2nd july 2010 a Non Governmenatal Resolutionwith the help of other MLA on 2nd july 2010 a Non Governmenatal Resolution
(no. 201) was the resolution is accpted by the Speaker of Maharashtra Legislature(no. 201) was the resolution is accpted by the Speaker of Maharashtra Legislature
and as per the document received by the respective department the work is started.and as per the document received by the respective department the work is started.
10. Half-an-Hour Discussion :Half-an-Hour Discussion : On every Tuesday and Thursday theOn every Tuesday and Thursday the
Chairman/Speaker allots half an hour at the close of the meeting of theChairman/Speaker allots half an hour at the close of the meeting of the
house on that day for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient publichouse on that day for raising discussion on a matter of sufficient public
importance. If the other business set down for the day is concluded beforeimportance. If the other business set down for the day is concluded before
the time appointed for the conclusion of the meeting, the period of half-an-the time appointed for the conclusion of the meeting, the period of half-an-
hour has to commence from the time such other business is concluded.hour has to commence from the time such other business is concluded.
The Chairman/Speaker may allot any other days instead of Tuesday andThe Chairman/Speaker may allot any other days instead of Tuesday and
Thursday for such discussion.Thursday for such discussion. A member wishing to raise a matter is toA member wishing to raise a matter is to
give notice in writing to the Secretary three days in advance of the day ongive notice in writing to the Secretary three days in advance of the day on
which the matter is desired to be raised and should briefly specify thewhich the matter is desired to be raised and should briefly specify the
points that he wishes to raise. The notice is accompanied by an explanatorypoints that he wishes to raise. The notice is accompanied by an explanatory
note stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter in Questionnote stating the reasons for raising discussion on the matter in Question
and is it to be supported by the signatures of at least two other members.and is it to be supported by the signatures of at least two other members.
The Chairman/Speaker may with the consent of the Minister in charge ofThe Chairman/Speaker may with the consent of the Minister in charge of
the Department concerned, curtail the period of notice or dispense withthe Department concerned, curtail the period of notice or dispense with
notice in any case he deems fit. If more than two notices have beennotice in any case he deems fit. If more than two notices have been
received and admitted by the Presiding Officer for any day, the Secretaryreceived and admitted by the Presiding Officer for any day, the Secretary
holds a ballot with a view to drawing two notices and the notices are putholds a ballot with a view to drawing two notices and the notices are put
down in the order in which they were received in point of time.down in the order in which they were received in point of time.
11. 3) Cut Motions3) Cut Motions
Governments Expenditure occur in two types (i) Voted and (ii)Governments Expenditure occur in two types (i) Voted and (ii)
Charged. Under the Voted Expenditure, which only is beingCharged. Under the Voted Expenditure, which only is being
approved by legislators in the assembly, Members can suggestapproved by legislators in the assembly, Members can suggest
cut motions over the grants for (i) reduction, (ii) to exclusioncut motions over the grants for (i) reduction, (ii) to exclusion
of any matter or (iii) for reducing any matter. But No Cutof any matter or (iii) for reducing any matter. But No Cut
Motion can be made against increasing Grants or to change theMotion can be made against increasing Grants or to change the
basic objectives of the grants. ( U/s 256 (1) Maharashtrabasic objectives of the grants. ( U/s 256 (1) Maharashtra
Legislature Act).Legislature Act).
Cut Motion should be given before 4 Whole days of the dayCut Motion should be given before 4 Whole days of the day
when the concern department is on the discussion (depends upwhen the concern department is on the discussion (depends up
on the state legislature rules). Cut motions shall be given in theon the state legislature rules). Cut motions shall be given in the
prescribed format which are available the state Secretariat orprescribed format which are available the state Secretariat or
the place described by the authority.the place described by the authority.
12. There are 3 types of Cut Motions-There are 3 types of Cut Motions-
Disapproval of Policy CutDisapproval of Policy Cut- Disapproval of Policy Cut is given in the- Disapproval of Policy Cut is given in the
situation of very important policy issues and when the government issituation of very important policy issues and when the government is
failed to respond in the issues, therefore the Members can give this type offailed to respond in the issues, therefore the Members can give this type of
cut motion can be given to show the disbelief on the government. If thiscut motion can be given to show the disbelief on the government. If this
cut motion is accepted in the Assembly, the ruling party has to producecut motion is accepted in the Assembly, the ruling party has to produce
their resignation as per tradition.their resignation as per tradition.
Token Cut-Token Cut- To raise the discussion on government's generalTo raise the discussion on government's general
administration or on a particular departments' work, then the token cutadministration or on a particular departments' work, then the token cut
motion can be given. Only Rs. 100 is given as nominal Token Motion tomotion can be given. Only Rs. 100 is given as nominal Token Motion to
show the discontent over the policies of government.show the discontent over the policies of government.
Economy Cut-Economy Cut- When a particular amount is suggested for a CutWhen a particular amount is suggested for a Cut
Motion for a demand or any matter related to the demand then EconomyMotion for a demand or any matter related to the demand then Economy
Cut is given. The members have to show how the cut shall be exercised. IfCut is given. The members have to show how the cut shall be exercised. If
the assembly accepts this Cut motion then the voting is given only on thethe assembly accepts this Cut motion then the voting is given only on the
reduced amounts of that particular demandreduced amounts of that particular demand Under section 256 (1) ofUnder section 256 (1) of
Maharashtra Legislature Act.Maharashtra Legislature Act.
13. In the first time Samarthan's Cut motion were accepted during AssemblyIn the first time Samarthan's Cut motion were accepted during Assembly
session, in the July session 2010 Samarthan approximately use total 50 tosession, in the July session 2010 Samarthan approximately use total 50 to
60 Cut motion departments head wise, in first time in the history of60 Cut motion departments head wise, in first time in the history of
Samarthan the Cut motion were accepted this was due to the use of exactSamarthan the Cut motion were accepted this was due to the use of exact
technique. before this Samarthan's technique were lacking regarding thetechnique. before this Samarthan's technique were lacking regarding the
use of cut motion. but with the help and guidance of Samarthan's Chairmanuse of cut motion. but with the help and guidance of Samarthan's Chairman
Mr. Vivek Pandit who is now MLA it was possible for Samarthan toMr. Vivek Pandit who is now MLA it was possible for Samarthan to
successfully do the cut motion. which was base on the study. it is verysuccessfully do the cut motion. which was base on the study. it is very
important for Samarthan that total 19 out of 60 cut motion are accepted byimportant for Samarthan that total 19 out of 60 cut motion are accepted by
the Speaker of the Legislature of Maharashtra the cut Motion on:the Speaker of the Legislature of Maharashtra the cut Motion on:
1.Planning Department total 9 Cut motion has been Accepted by the Speaker1.Planning Department total 9 Cut motion has been Accepted by the Speaker
of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.of Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.
2.Public Works Departments: Total 10 were accepted by the Speaker2.Public Works Departments: Total 10 were accepted by the Speaker
Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.Maharashtra Legislative Assembly.
Samarthan has given 70 to 80 Cut motions out of which 19 are accepted.Samarthan has given 70 to 80 Cut motions out of which 19 are accepted.
all the Cut motion are related to Adiwasis education, sanitation, Housing,all the Cut motion are related to Adiwasis education, sanitation, Housing,
agriculture, Transportation, electricity and over all development ofagriculture, Transportation, electricity and over all development of
Adiwasi, women and Dalits.Adiwasi, women and Dalits.
14. 4.) Implementation of the4.) Implementation of the
Recommendation of Subject CommitteeRecommendation of Subject Committee
As per the inspection of the Panchayat raj Samiti of State ofAs per the inspection of the Panchayat raj Samiti of State of
Maharashra at Beed District on 18 19 and 20th August 2003Maharashra at Beed District on 18 19 and 20th August 2003
its was notice that government of Maharashtra has not paidits was notice that government of Maharashtra has not paid
the amount of Life insurance from the employee of thethe amount of Life insurance from the employee of the
Various District Councils Due to which there was loss of Rs.Various District Councils Due to which there was loss of Rs.
16, 180,60. on the basis of Report of the said Committee16, 180,60. on the basis of Report of the said Committee
Samarthan followed the matter in legislature and then theSamarthan followed the matter in legislature and then the
Government of Maharashtra Government Resolution to all theGovernment of Maharashtra Government Resolution to all the
District Council, for necessary Action.District Council, for necessary Action.
15. Impact of the Work:Impact of the Work:
The Chief Secretary passed and official order to irrigationThe Chief Secretary passed and official order to irrigation
Secretary asking to submit factual report about the matter toSecretary asking to submit factual report about the matter to
the Government.the Government.
After the submission of the factual report of the irrigationAfter the submission of the factual report of the irrigation
secretary, the government of Maharashtra accepted thesecretary, the government of Maharashtra accepted the
demands and make order to provide the required water to thedemands and make order to provide the required water to the
Zari Lift Irrigation Project.Zari Lift Irrigation Project.
This project will be able to provide irrigated water to 40This project will be able to provide irrigated water to 40
villages (2515 hector land) by which the land of 40 villagesvillages (2515 hector land) by which the land of 40 villages
will come under irrigation.will come under irrigation.