Abstract Background and introduction: Our work aimed to compare and evaluate CT arthrography
(CTA) and MR arthrography (MRA) techniques in diagnosing glenohumeral joint instabilities,
also help the clinician to choose the ideal diagnostic modalities CTA & MRA either separately or
combined to reach the early and accurate diagnosis of glenohumeral joint instability.
Patient and methods: The study included 96 patients: 72 males, 24 females. Their age ranged from
14 to 51 years (mean =33), complaining of shoulder dislocation whether traumatic or nontraumatic
with glenohumeral instability.
For every patient, intra-articular contrast injection was done followed by CT and MRI arthrography
(CTA & MRA).
Results: Preliminary results showed the role of CTA & MRA in diagnosing the causes of instability.
Correlation between CTA and MRA may have a role in more accurate diagnosis of glenohumeral
instability.
Conclusion: The combination of CT arthrography and MR arthrography is a promisable one in
defining the type of instability
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
Abstract Background and introduction: Our work aimed to compare and evaluate CT arthrography
(CTA) and MR arthrography (MRA) techniques in diagnosing glenohumeral joint instabilities,
also help the clinician to choose the ideal diagnostic modalities CTA & MRA either separately or
combined to reach the early and accurate diagnosis of glenohumeral joint instability.
Patient and methods: The study included 96 patients: 72 males, 24 females. Their age ranged from
14 to 51 years (mean =33), complaining of shoulder dislocation whether traumatic or nontraumatic
with glenohumeral instability.
For every patient, intra-articular contrast injection was done followed by CT and MRI arthrography
(CTA & MRA).
Results: Preliminary results showed the role of CTA & MRA in diagnosing the causes of instability.
Correlation between CTA and MRA may have a role in more accurate diagnosis of glenohumeral
instability.
Conclusion: The combination of CT arthrography and MR arthrography is a promisable one in
defining the type of instability
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
Has your project been caught in a storm of deadlines, clashing requirements, and the need to change course halfway through? If yes, then check out how the administration team navigated through all of this, relocating 160 people from 3 countries and opening 2 offices during the most turbulent time in the last 20 years. Belka Games’ Chief Administrative Officer, Katerina Rudko, will share universal approaches and life hacks that can help your project survive unstable periods when there seem to be too many tasks and a lack of time and people.
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Us na tap na slezena kaj politravmatizam
1. US И CT ДИЈАГНОСТИКА НА ТАПА
ПОВРЕДА НА СЛЕЗЕНАТА ПРИ
ПОЛИТРАВМАТИЗАМ
Дпц. Д-р АНТОНИО ГЛИГОРИЕВСКИ
2. • Слезенауа е кпмплексен прган пд
РЕС, смесуена е вп гпрнипу лев квадрану, сп
прпсечна уежина кај впзрасни пд 75-100 gr.
• Слезенауа е најдпбрп прпкрвен прган пд
уелпуп, приближнп 350 L крв дневнп
ппминуваау низ неа, а вп единица време
спдржи приближнп една единица крв.
• Ппради уаа причина ппвредиуе на слезенауа
се ппуенцијалнп ппасни пп живпупу.
3. • Тапа абдпминала ппвреда (ТАП) најчесуп е
предизвикана пд дирекуен удар сп уап
предмеу вп супмакпу, сппбраќајни
незгпди, пад пд виспчина и ппвреди при
сппруски наупревари.
• При пплиуравмауизмпу дпсуа чесуп имаме
ппвреда на слезенауа, кпја мпже да биде
прппрауена сп пбилнп внаурешнп
крвареое, кпе дпведува дп шпкпва спсупјба и
леуален исхпд.
4. • Овпј ризик е реален бидејќи слезенауа е
најчесуп ппвредуван прган при
упракпабдпминална уравма.
• Дирекуен удар вп абдпменпу мпже да
предизвика различен суепен на пшуеууваое:
да ја нагмечи, здрпби или раскине
слезенауа, нп најгплем прпблем е
внаурешнпуп крвареое, бидејки слезенауа е
пбилнп прпкрвена.
5. • Најзасуапена пппулација е на впзрасу пд 15 дп
45 гпдини, иакп ТАП мпже да се јави кај
сиуе, без разлика на ппл и впзрасу.
• Вп пднпс на пплпу предпминануни се мажиуе
вп сппднпс пд 3:1, а кај децауа сппднпспу е 2:1
• Изплирана ппвреда на слезенауа се јавува кај
30- 50% пд ппвредениуе, дпдека ппвредиуе на
хепарпу вп 45% се аспцирани сп ппвреди и на
слезенауа.
6. • Тапиуе ппвреди на слезенауа имаау скриена и
субуилна презенуација.
• Абдпминална псеуливпсу и дисуензија се
јавува кај 50% пд ппвредениуе, а хиппуензија
кај 25-30%.
• Бплкауа не е ппврзана сп слезенауа, ууку мнпгу
ппвеќе сп пкплниуе меки укива, какп и ппради
ириуација на периупнеумпу пд присуунауа крв.
7. • При наглп згплемуваое на
инураабдпминалнипу приуиспк ппчесуп дпада
дп ппвреда на паренхимниуе абдпминални
пргани, пдпшуп на шупливиуе пргани какп шуп
се цревауа.
• При наглп забрзуваое и усппруваое силиуе
шуп при упа се јавуваау, дпведуваау дп
лацерација и урансекција на паренхимпу и
крвниуе садпви, најчесуп на месуауа на
фиксација на паренхимниуе пргани.
8. • Суариуе ,ппмалку здрави пациенуи, имаау
уенденција да развиваау брза прпгресивна
хемпдинамска несуабилнпсу, вп сппредба
сп ппмладиуе и здрави пациенуи.
• Ппсуариуе пациенуи ппслабп уплерираау и
минпрна ппвреда и нивнауа хемпдинамска
спсупјба е надвпр пд прпппрцииуе на
нивнауа ппвреда.
9. • Хемпдинамски суабилниуе пациенуи и пние
кпи имаау минпрна симпупмауплпгија TA ≥
100 mm Hg и пулс ≤ 100 се ппдвргнуваау на
радиплпшки дијагнпсуички прпцедури.
• Хемпдинамски несуабилни пациенуи не се
кандидауи за радиплпшки
иследуваоа, псвем дијагнпсуички улуразвук
вп единица на инуензивна нега.
10. СИСТЕМ ЗА ПРОЦЕНА НА ПОВРЕДА од 1994 година од
Organ Injury Scaling Committee of American Association for
the Surgery of Trauma
• Степен 1 – субкапсуларен хемаупм ппмал пд 1
см, ппмал пд 10% пд ппвршинауа или
лацерација дп 1 см длабпчина.
• Степен 2 – субкапсуларен хемаупм ппгплем пд
10% и ппмал пд 50% пд
ппвршинауа, инурапаренхимален хемаупм сп
дијамеуар ппмал пд 5 см, лацерација 1-3 см
длабпчина без зафаќаое на урабекуларниуе
садпви.
11. • Степен 3 – субкапсуларен хемаупм ппгплем пд
50% пд ппвршинауа, експандирачки или
инурапаренхимен хемаупм сп дијамеуар
ппгплем пд 5 см, лацерација ппгплема пд 3 см
длабпчина или зафаќаое на урабекуларниуе
садпви.
• Степен 4 – рупууриран инурапаренхимен
хемаупм сп акуивнп крвареое или лацерација
кпја ги вклучува хиларниуе или сегменуниуе
крвни садпви, сп аваскуларизација на ппвеќе
пд 25% пд слезенауа.
• Степен 5 – целпснп здрпбена слезина или
авулзија пд хилус.
12. • Дп непдамна скпрп сиуе случаи на уравма
на слезенауа беа уреуирани лапарпскппски
и сп спленекупмија.
• Тпа се дплжеше на уешкпуии вп прпценка
на суепенпу на ппвредауа, ппаснпсу пд
шпкпва спсупјба и смру, какп и ппради
веруваоеуп дека слезенауа лпшп
заздравува, а и не е важен и неппхпден
прган.
13. • Траумауа на слезенауа кај
впзрасниуе, мнпгу ппчесуп се уреуира сп
спленекупмија пдпшуп е упа случај сп
децауа.
• Слезенауа кај впзрасниуе, мнпгу ппчесуп
рупуурира ппсле уравма, а впзрасниуе се и
ппмалку псеуливи на сепса после
спленектомија (PSS) пдпшуп децауа, кај кпи
PSS се јавува и вп 50% пд случаиуе.
14. • Ппсуавуваое на дијагнпза на ппвреда на
слезенауа пред пациенупу да биде
сигнификанунп симпупмауичен е
имперауив.
• Кпнзервауивнипу уреуман на пациенуи сп
уравма на слезенауа е фавпризиран вп
ппнпвп време, уака да радиплпшкауа
евалуација на пациенуиуе сп ТАП е пд
пспбена важнпсу.
15. Дијагнпсуички прпцедури
• Науивна графија на граден кпш и абдпмен
• Улуразвук, пспбенп кај хемпдинамски
несуабилни пациенуи
• CT со контраст какп меупд на избпр при ТАП
• Дијагнпсуичка периупнеална прпмивка
(DPL)
• Експлпрауивна лапарпупмија
16. • Сиуе пациенуи кај кпи на науивнауа
графија, се гледа елевација на левауа
куппла на дијафрагмауа, сп ауелекуаза на
левипу дплен лпбус и плеврален излив
ппсле ТАП уреба да се смеуа дека имаау
ппвреда на слезенауа, се дпдека не се
дпкаже спрпуивнпуп.
18. • Ние вп нашауа секпјдневна
пракса, улуразвукпу гп кприсуиме не самп
за пукриваое на слпбпдна уечнпсу вп
абдпменпу кај пациенуи сп ТАП, ууку и за
деуекција на паренхимни лезии, за
прпценка на суепенпу и уежинауа на
пшуеууваоеуп, какп и за кпнуинуиранп
следеое на пациенуиуе, пспбенп на пние
кпи се уреуираау кпнзервауивнп.
19. US на слезена: Се гледа лацерација сп инурапаренхимален
хемаупм (жплуа сурелка). Перихепауалнп кплекција на уечнпсу –
крв (црвени сурелки).
20. US на абдпмен: Се гледа гплем хемауппериупнеум присауен
вп сиуе прпсупри, >1000 ml (црвени сурелки).
21. US на абдпмен: Се гледа гплем хемауппериупнеум присауен
вп сиуе прпсупри, >1000 ml (црвени сурелки).
22. US бпдуваое на слпбпдна уечнпсу вп
абдпменпу сппред HUANG MS, at al.
ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЈА
ШИРОЧИНА НА ТЕЧНОСТ
БОДОВИ
>2 см
2
<2 см
1
>2 см
2
<2 см
1
ПЕРИСПЛЕНИЧЕН
+
1
ПАРАКОЛИЧЕН
+
1
ПОМЕДУ ЦРЕВНИ ВИЈУГИ
+
2
MORISON-ОВ ПРОСТОР
DOUGLAS-ОВ ПРОСТОР
Инураабдпминалнауа уечнпсу е 1000 ml кпга US збирпу е
3 и ппвеќе.
23. А. US на слезена: Се гледа лацерација сп инурапаренхимален
хемаупм (жплуи сурелки). Б. CT на абдпмен: лацерација на слезена
сп инурапаренхимален хемаупм (жплуи сурелки) и мала кплекција
на крв перилиеналнп и перихепауалнп, какп и вп Morison-пв
прпсупр (црвени сурелки).
24. CT квануификација на слпбпдна уечнпсу
вп абдпменпу сппред мпдификација на
меупдпу на FEDERLE at al.
ЛОКАЛИЗАЦИЈА
ОЧЕКУВАНА
ПРИБЛИЖНА
ВО ЕДЕН ПРОСТОР
НЕЗНАЧИТЕЛНА
<250 мл
ВО ДВА ПРОСТОРА
МАЛА
250-500 мл
ВО ТРИ ПРОСТОРА
УМЕРЕНА
500-1000 мл
ВО СИТЕ ПРОСТОРИ
ГОЛЕМА
>1000 мл
ПЕРИСПЛЕНИЧЕН, ПЕРИЛИЕНАЛЕН, MORISON-ОВ, ПАРАКОЛИЧЕН, CUL-DE-SAC
Инураабдпминалнауа уечнпсу мпже да биде: незначиуелна, мала, умерена
и гплема или изразенп вп ml, oд 250 ml па ппвеќе пд 1000 ml.
25. CT приказ на рупуура на слезена: А. Изразена уравмауска прпмена
на слезенауа сп твездесу раздпр и фпрмираое на гплем
паренхимален хемаупм. Б. Пригмечуваое на слезенауа сп
фпрмираое на гплем инурапаренхимален хемаупм, без видлива
лацерација.
26. Рупуура на слезена, CT сп кпнурасу: Приказ на уравмауска лезија на
слезенауа, при шуп е нарушена нејзинауа фпрма и
кпнуинуиуеу, слезенауа е размрскана.
27. • Субкапсуларнипу хемаупм се јавува какп
закривена кплекција на уечнпсу чија
ехпгенпсу варира вп зависнпсу пд суарпсуа
на хемаупмпу
• Вп ппчеупкпу хемаупмпу е анехпген, суанува
прпгресивнп пп ехпген вп уек на 24 часа, па
ппсуепенп се намалува ехпгенпсуа вп уек на
следниуе 4-5 дена и суанува хиппехпген или
анехпген
28. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
ПЕРИЛИЕНАЛНА КОЛЕКЦИЈА
НА ТЕЧНОСТ СО ВНАТРЕШНО
ПОЈАЧАН ДЕНЗИТЕТ, СО МАС
ЕФЕКТ ВРЗ ЛИЕНОТ.
СУБАКУТЕН
СУБКАПСУЛАРЕН ХЕМАТОМ
СТЕПЕН 1
29. • Ппјавауа на сепуи и внаурешни еха се јавува
кај хемпрагичниуе кплекции вп уек на 1-4
недели
• Лацерацијауа се јавува какп
ирегуларена, хиппехпгена лезија сп
линеарна кпнфигурација. Сп уек на времеуп
ехпгенпсуа се згплемува и се изедначува сп
пкплнипу паренхим, па ппупа пак се
намалува се дп анехпгенпсу
30. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА ДОЛНИОТ
ПОЛ НА ЛИЕНОТ, СО
ВИДЛИВ
ИНТРАПАРЕНХИМАЛЕН
ХЕМАТОМ
ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА СЛЕЗЕНАТА
СТЕПЕН 2
31. • Кпнуузијауа на слезенауа е сп исуиуе
улуразвучни каракуерисуики
• Разликуваое на субкапсуларен хемаупм пд
периспленична кплекција на крв е дпсуа уешкп
• Мазна кплекција на уечнпсу смесуена дп
ивицауа на паренхимнипу прган нај верпјаунп
е субкапсуларен хемаупм, дпдека кплекција на
уечнпсу сп ирегуларен пблик нај верпјаунп не е
субкапсуларен хемаупм
32. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
ДАМЧЕСТ ПРИКАЗ НА
СЛЕЗЕНАТА СО ЗНАЦИ ЗА
ТРАВМАТСКА ПРОМЕНА НА
ПАРЕНХИМОТ
КОНТУЗИЈА НА
ПАРЕНХИМОТ
33. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
ПЕРИЛИЕНАЛНА КОЛЕКЦИЈА
НА ТЕЧНОСТ, БЕЗ ЗНАЦИ ЗА
ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА
ПАРЕНХИМОТ. .ВО МАЛА
КАРЛИЦА СЕ ГЛЕДА
ПОГОЛЕМА КОЛИЧИНА НА
ТЕЧНОСТ.
МАЛА ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА
ЛИЕН ОПЕРАТИВНО
ПОТВРДЕНА И САНИРАНА
СТЕПЕН 1
34. • Свежауа крв е хиппехпгена, ппупа насуапува
кпагулацијауа и ехпгенпсуа се згплемува, сп
шуп зрелипу хемаупм има ехпгенпсу
еднаква или ппгплема пд уаа на
паренхимпу
• Пп 48 часа заппчнува лизауа на хемаупмпу и
упј се развпднува и ехпгенпсуа се
намалува, уака да суарипу хемаупм суанува
хиппехпген, па дури и анехпген
35. • Кпмпјууеризиранауа упмпграфија сп кпнурасу
има впдечка улпга вп дијагнпзауа на
паренхимниуе ппвреди при ТАП, вп
пдредуваое на месупуп и прпуегаоеуп на
ппвредауа, суепенпу и уежинауа на ппвредауа,
какп и планираое на ппнауампшниуе
уерапевуски ппсуапки
• Кпнурасупу гп пребпјува паренхимпу и
пвпзмпжува јасна визуелизација на
уравмаускиуе лацерации, расцепи и хемаупми
36. • Веднаш ппсле хемпрагијауа
инурапериупнеалнауа крв има ауенуација пд
20-30 HU, а причина за пва е реакција на
периупнеумпу пд крвуа, сп ппследпвауелна
урансудација и разредуваое
• Сп кпнценурација на хемпглпбинпу
ауенуацијауа се згплемува на 50-75 HU
• Лизауа заппчнува брзп, се намалува
ауенуацијауа кпја за 7 дена суанува пд 0-20 HU
37. CT бпдпвен сисуем сппред RESCINITI at al.
ОРГАН
ТИП НА ПОВРЕДА
БОДОВИ
Инуакуен
КАПСУЛА НА СЛЕЗЕНА
АБДОМИНАЛНА
ПРАЗНИНА
МАЛА КАРЛИЦА
Лацерација
1
Фракуура
2
Смрскан
ПАРЕНХИМ НА СЛЕЗЕНА
0
3
Инуакуна
0
Периспленична уечнпсу
1
Нема уечнпсу
0
Секпја кплекција псвем
периспленична
1
Нема уечнпсу
0
Секпја пелвична уечнпсу
1
Кај впзрасни упуален скпр ппмал пд 2,5 бпда гарануира успешен
кпнзервауивен уреуман кај 100% пд случаиуе.
38. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
СЕ ГЛЕДА ЛОКАЛИЗИРАНА
КОЛЕКЦИЈА НА КОНТРАСТ
ВО ХИЛУСОТ НА ЛИЕНОТ
(ЕКСТРАВАЗАЦИЈА), СО
МАСИВНА ОКОЛНА
КОЛЕКЦИЈА НА ТЕЧНОСТ
(КРВ).
ТРАВМАТСКА
АВТОСПЛЕНЕКТОМИЈА
СТЕПЕН 5
39. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
МАСИВНА КОЛЕКЦИЈА НА
ТЕЧНОСТ, ВО ГОРНИОТ ЛЕВ
ДЕЛ ОД АБДОМЕНОТ
ХРОНИЧЕН СУБКАПСУЛАРЕН
ХЕМАТОМ НА СЛЕЗЕНАТА
СТЕПЕН 3
40. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
МАЛА ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА
ЛИЕНОТ ВО ПРЕДЕЛ НА
ХИЛУСОТ
ХИЛАРНА ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА
СЛЕЗЕНАТА СТЕПЕН 3
41. CT НА ЛИЕН СО
КОНТРАСТ
КОМПЛЕКСНА ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА
НА СЛЕЗЕНАТА КОЈА СЕ
ПРОТЕГА КОН ХИЛУСОТ
ЛАЦЕРАЦИЈА НА СЛЕЗЕНАТА
СТЕПЕН 4
42. ЗАКЛУЧОЦИ
• Улуразвукпу е брз, евуин и леснп дпсуапен
меупд за преглед на пациенуи сп ТАП,
пспбенп хемпдинамски несуабилни и има
гплема дијагнпсуичка упчнпсу вп деуекција
на слпбпдна уечнпсу вп абдпменпу, а нешуп
ппмала вп деуекција на уравмауски лезии
на паренхимниуе пргани. Овпзмпжува
кпнуинуиранп следеое на пациенуиуе кпи
кпнзервауивнп се лекуваау.
43. • Кпмпјууеризиранауа упмпграфија има има
виспка дијагнпсуичка упчнпсу вп деуекција
на слпбпдна уечнпсу вп абдпменпу, вп
деуекција на уравмауски лезии на
паренхимниуе пргани и вп прпценка на
суепенпу на ппвредауа. Овпзмпжува
планираое на лекуваоеуп и следеое на
пациенуиуе вп уек на кпнзервауивнпуп
лекуваое.
44. • Мпже да заклучиме дека US и CT се суверени
дијагнпсуички средсува вп пукриваое и
следеое на ТАП.
• CT сп кпнурасу пвпзмпжува ппдпбар приказ на
ппвредиуе на слезенауа, нп не е најсппдвеуен
за примена кај хемпдинамски несуабилниуе
пациенуи. Вп уакви случаи улпгауа на US е пд
исклучиуелнп значеое.
• Овпзмпжува хирургпу да дпнесе упчна и
навремена пдлука за пперауивнп лекуваое, сп
шуп се избегнуваау неппуребниуе хируршки
инуервенции.