Rovaniemellä 15.3.2012 pidetyn tulva-aiheisen yleisötilaisuuden kalvot, jossa esitellään UR-Flood -hankkeen yhteydessä vuonna 2009 tehdyn asukaskyselyn tuloksia sekä yleisesti tulviin varautumista. Kyselyssä kartoitettiin mm. tulvariskikäsitystä, tulvatietosuutta, tyytyväisyyttä saatavilla olevaan tulvatietoon ja eri viranomaisten toimintaan.
Kalvoja on hieman päivitetty 17.12.2014. Päivitykset on mainittu erikseen.
Special Elements of a Ternary SemiringIJERA Editor
In this paper we study the notion of some special elements such as identity, zero, absorbing, additive
idempotent, idempotent, multiplicatively sub-idempotent, regular, Intra regular, completely regular, g–regular,
invertible and the ternary semirings such as zero sum free ternary semiring, zero ternary semiring, zero divisor
free ternary semiring, ternary semi-integral domain, semi-subtractive ternary semiring, multiplicative
cancellative ternary semiring, Viterbi ternary semiring, regular ternary semiring, completely ternary semiring
and characterize these ternary semirings.
Mathematics Subject Classification : 16Y30, 16Y99.
A comprehensive study of signal detection techniques for spectrum sensing in ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes several signal detection techniques for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. It begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and spectrum sensing. It then describes and compares three main non-cooperative (transmitter-based) detection techniques: matched filter detection, energy detection, and cyclostationary feature detection. Matched filter detection provides optimal detection but requires prior knowledge of the primary user's signal. Energy detection has lower complexity but cannot differentiate signals from noise. Cyclostationary feature detection can detect periodic signals but has higher complexity than energy detection.
Special Elements of a Ternary SemiringIJERA Editor
In this paper we study the notion of some special elements such as identity, zero, absorbing, additive
idempotent, idempotent, multiplicatively sub-idempotent, regular, Intra regular, completely regular, g–regular,
invertible and the ternary semirings such as zero sum free ternary semiring, zero ternary semiring, zero divisor
free ternary semiring, ternary semi-integral domain, semi-subtractive ternary semiring, multiplicative
cancellative ternary semiring, Viterbi ternary semiring, regular ternary semiring, completely ternary semiring
and characterize these ternary semirings.
Mathematics Subject Classification : 16Y30, 16Y99.
A comprehensive study of signal detection techniques for spectrum sensing in ...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes several signal detection techniques for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio systems. It begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and spectrum sensing. It then describes and compares three main non-cooperative (transmitter-based) detection techniques: matched filter detection, energy detection, and cyclostationary feature detection. Matched filter detection provides optimal detection but requires prior knowledge of the primary user's signal. Energy detection has lower complexity but cannot differentiate signals from noise. Cyclostationary feature detection can detect periodic signals but has higher complexity than energy detection.
Dynamic & Attribute Weighted KNN for Document Classification Using Bootstrap ...IJERA Editor
This document discusses document classification using a k-nearest neighbors algorithm with dynamic attribute weighting and bootstrap sampling. It begins with an introduction to text mining and document classification. It then describes k-nearest neighbors classification and how bootstrap sampling can be used to improve k-NN by assigning different weightings to attributes. The document evaluates this approach and compares its performance to traditional k-NN classification.
The document discusses the finite element analysis of the buckling behavior of unstiffened steel plates with circular cutouts. The analysis uses ANSYS to model plates with varying thickness, cutout diameter and area ratio. Plates are simply supported on all edges and subjected to axial compression. Results show that the ultimate strength of plates is reduced by the presence of cutouts due to changes in stress distribution and buckling characteristics. The study aims to determine the ultimate strength of plates with and without cutouts to aid in structural design.
A secure alert messaging for vehicular ad hoc networksIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a secure alert messaging system for vehicular ad hoc networks using clustering and trust relationships. The paper aims to ensure emergency messages in VANETs are genuine and disseminated to all vehicles without delay. It uses clustering to notify vehicles of emergencies and establishes trust between vehicles to protect against malicious actors. The system is designed to assure user privacy through distributed trust establishment and detect fake location or time stamps sent by intruders to increase network security.
Hội chứng ruột kích thích hay còn có tên gọi khác là rối loạn chức năng đại tràng, hội chứng đại tràng co thắt, là một bệnh phổ biến ở Việt Nam và trên thế giới. Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh từ 5% - 20% dân số, gặp ở nữ nhiều hơn nam. Bệnh tuy không nguy hiểm nhưng ảnh hưởng nhiều đến chất lượng cuộc sống.
Security in manet via different intrusion detection techniquesIAEME Publication
This document discusses security threats in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and different intrusion detection techniques that can be used to counter attacks. It first describes MANETs and notes their vulnerabilities like dynamic topology, lack of infrastructure, and resource constraints make them prone to security threats. Both passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like black holes, sinkholes, and denial of service attacks are discussed. The document then examines various intrusion detection techniques like specification-based, anomaly-based, agent-based, and cluster-based that could be applied to MANETs to detect security threats and attacks.
Dielectric constant study of polyaniline magnesium stanate mg sno3 compositesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that studied the dielectric constant of polyaniline-magnesium stanate (MgSnO3) composites. The composites were prepared by an insitu polymerization method with varying concentrations of MgSnO3 in the polyaniline matrix. The dielectric constant was measured over a frequency range and was found to depend on the MgSnO3 concentration, with a 30% composite showing the maximum value. The dimensions of MgSnO3 particles within the polymer matrix were determined to influence the observed dielectric properties.
Design and Fabrication of a Two Axis Parabolic Solar Dish CollectorIJERA Editor
The work consists of the design of the chain drive system and the fabrication of the two axis parabolic solar dish.
It is a model study of the two axis parabolic dish which worked by the automatic circuit that was developed. Ready
made parabolic solar dish is taken and fabricated. The circular iron ring provides the two axis motion of the dish.
A compound chain drive system was developed for the smooth movement of the dish. An electromechanical
system which tracks the sun on both axes and which is controlled via a programmable logic control (PLC) was
designed and implemented. In this a theoretical study was done. A C program was made which gave the required
result for the graphical representation of the recorded radiation. Programmable Logic Controls (PLC) was used
instead of photo sensors, which are widely used for tracking the sun. The azimuthal angle of the sun from sunrise
to sunset times was calculated for each day of the year at 23.59 Lat & 72.38Longitude in the Northern hemisphere,
the location of the city Mehsana. According to this azimuth angle, the required analog signal was taken from the
PLC analog module and sent to the power window motor, which controlled the position of the panel to ensure that
the rays fall vertically on the panel. After the mechanical control of the system was started, the performance
measurements of the solar panel were carried out. The values obtained from the measurements were compared and
the necessary evaluations were conducted.
Dokumen ini membahas penggunaan media sosial Facebook di kalangan mahasiswa dan dampak positif maupun negatifnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua mahasiswa memiliki akun Facebook, 60% merasakan dampak positif terhadap belajar, sisanya negatif, dan Facebook juga dianggap bermanfaat oleh 80% mahasiswa.
Dynamic & Attribute Weighted KNN for Document Classification Using Bootstrap ...IJERA Editor
This document discusses document classification using a k-nearest neighbors algorithm with dynamic attribute weighting and bootstrap sampling. It begins with an introduction to text mining and document classification. It then describes k-nearest neighbors classification and how bootstrap sampling can be used to improve k-NN by assigning different weightings to attributes. The document evaluates this approach and compares its performance to traditional k-NN classification.
The document discusses the finite element analysis of the buckling behavior of unstiffened steel plates with circular cutouts. The analysis uses ANSYS to model plates with varying thickness, cutout diameter and area ratio. Plates are simply supported on all edges and subjected to axial compression. Results show that the ultimate strength of plates is reduced by the presence of cutouts due to changes in stress distribution and buckling characteristics. The study aims to determine the ultimate strength of plates with and without cutouts to aid in structural design.
A secure alert messaging for vehicular ad hoc networksIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a secure alert messaging system for vehicular ad hoc networks using clustering and trust relationships. The paper aims to ensure emergency messages in VANETs are genuine and disseminated to all vehicles without delay. It uses clustering to notify vehicles of emergencies and establishes trust between vehicles to protect against malicious actors. The system is designed to assure user privacy through distributed trust establishment and detect fake location or time stamps sent by intruders to increase network security.
Hội chứng ruột kích thích hay còn có tên gọi khác là rối loạn chức năng đại tràng, hội chứng đại tràng co thắt, là một bệnh phổ biến ở Việt Nam và trên thế giới. Tỷ lệ mắc bệnh từ 5% - 20% dân số, gặp ở nữ nhiều hơn nam. Bệnh tuy không nguy hiểm nhưng ảnh hưởng nhiều đến chất lượng cuộc sống.
Security in manet via different intrusion detection techniquesIAEME Publication
This document discusses security threats in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and different intrusion detection techniques that can be used to counter attacks. It first describes MANETs and notes their vulnerabilities like dynamic topology, lack of infrastructure, and resource constraints make them prone to security threats. Both passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like black holes, sinkholes, and denial of service attacks are discussed. The document then examines various intrusion detection techniques like specification-based, anomaly-based, agent-based, and cluster-based that could be applied to MANETs to detect security threats and attacks.
Dielectric constant study of polyaniline magnesium stanate mg sno3 compositesIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that studied the dielectric constant of polyaniline-magnesium stanate (MgSnO3) composites. The composites were prepared by an insitu polymerization method with varying concentrations of MgSnO3 in the polyaniline matrix. The dielectric constant was measured over a frequency range and was found to depend on the MgSnO3 concentration, with a 30% composite showing the maximum value. The dimensions of MgSnO3 particles within the polymer matrix were determined to influence the observed dielectric properties.
Design and Fabrication of a Two Axis Parabolic Solar Dish CollectorIJERA Editor
The work consists of the design of the chain drive system and the fabrication of the two axis parabolic solar dish.
It is a model study of the two axis parabolic dish which worked by the automatic circuit that was developed. Ready
made parabolic solar dish is taken and fabricated. The circular iron ring provides the two axis motion of the dish.
A compound chain drive system was developed for the smooth movement of the dish. An electromechanical
system which tracks the sun on both axes and which is controlled via a programmable logic control (PLC) was
designed and implemented. In this a theoretical study was done. A C program was made which gave the required
result for the graphical representation of the recorded radiation. Programmable Logic Controls (PLC) was used
instead of photo sensors, which are widely used for tracking the sun. The azimuthal angle of the sun from sunrise
to sunset times was calculated for each day of the year at 23.59 Lat & 72.38Longitude in the Northern hemisphere,
the location of the city Mehsana. According to this azimuth angle, the required analog signal was taken from the
PLC analog module and sent to the power window motor, which controlled the position of the panel to ensure that
the rays fall vertically on the panel. After the mechanical control of the system was started, the performance
measurements of the solar panel were carried out. The values obtained from the measurements were compared and
the necessary evaluations were conducted.
Dokumen ini membahas penggunaan media sosial Facebook di kalangan mahasiswa dan dampak positif maupun negatifnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua mahasiswa memiliki akun Facebook, 60% merasakan dampak positif terhadap belajar, sisanya negatif, dan Facebook juga dianggap bermanfaat oleh 80% mahasiswa.
Rovaniemen/Saarenkylän vuoden 2009 tulvakyselyn tuloksia
1. Tulvaviestinnän
haasteet ja mahdollisuudet
Pia Rotko ja Juha Aaltonen
Suomen ympäristökeskus
15.3.2012
Sisältää 17.12.2014 tehtyjä päivityksiä - Päivitykset mainittu erikseen
Päivitys 17.12.2014
Ehdotus Kemijoen vesistöalueen tulvariskien
hallintasuunnitelmaksi on luettavissa ja
kommentoitavissa 31.3.2015 asti
www.ymparisto.fi/trhs/kemijoki
2. ● Irlanti, Italia, Skotlanti, Englanti, Suomi
○ 11 tutkimusaluetta, Suomesta Saarenkylä
● Saarenkylän kyselytutkimus 2009
○ 1679 kyselyä, 342 vastausta (vastausprosentti 20,4 %)
● Tuloksena
○ Tietoa eri maiden tulviin liittyvästä viestinnästä
○ Tulvaviestintää koskevia suosituksia
○ Tulvaviestintäsuunnitelma Saarenkylän alueelle
○ Esite tulviin varautumisesta
2
UR-Flood –hanke (2009-2011)
Päivitys 17.12.2014
- Toteutettiin postikyselynä, osoitteet Rovaniemen kaupungilta
- Henkilökohtainen: Samaan talouteen useampia kyselyitä
4. 4
Vastaajien ikä- ja sukupuolijakauma
Päivitys 17.12.2014
- Tämä kuva lisätty alkuperäiseen esitykseen
5
9
28
41
25
49
8
10
22
40
36
47
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
alle 25v 25-34v 35-44v 45-54v 55-64v yli 65v
mies nainen
Miehiä 49 %
Naisia 51 %
7. 7
Kuinka huolestunut olette Kemi- ja
Ounasjoen tulvista kotinne, Saarenkylän
ja koko Rovaniemen kannalta?
69
74
43
87
125
108
4
8
12
106
74
95
38
17
29
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Oma kotini
Saarenkylä
Rovaniemi
Suuri huoli Kohtalainen huoli En osaa sanoa Vähäinen huoli Ei huolta
8. 8
Miten hyvin seuraavat asiat on
mielestänne hoidettu Saarenkylässä?
12
3
5
0
1
102
30
46
13
21
61
114
148
135
143
83
95
69
76
70
51
64
41
83
75
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Yleinen tietoisuus tulvista
Tehdyt tulvasuojelutoimenpiteet
Tulvasuojelusuunnitelmat
Asukkaiden yhteistoiminta tulvasuojelussa
Asukkaiden yhteistoiminta tulvatilanteessa
Hyvin Melko hyvin En osaa sanoa Melko huonosti Huonosti
9. 9
Miten eri tahot ovat mielestänne
hoitaneet tulva-asioita ennen tulvia,
tulvien aikana ja tulvien jälkeen?
1
6
15
18
21
11
15
28
23
31
3
6
11
8
18
50
58
85
71
80
74
80
103
77
82
43
56
69
57
57
142
169
140
139
126
140
162
136
151
137
167
188
172
166
165
61
45
40
48
40
55
37
25
42
36
57
41
35
45
39
54
27
24
36
44
30
14
14
18
24
37
14
15
28
25
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Ennen tulvia
Rovaniemen kaupunki
Vapaaehtoiset pelastusjärjestöt
Pelastusviranomaiset
Lapin ympäristökeskus
Kemijoki oy
Tulvien aikana
Rovaniemen kaupunki
Vapaaehtoiset pelastusjärjestöt
Pelastusviranomaiset
Lapin ympäristökeskus
Kemijoki oy
Tulvien jälkeen
Rovaniemen kaupunki
Vapaaehtoiset pelastusjärjestöt
Pelastusviranomaiset
Lapin ympäristökeskus
Kemijoki oy
Hyvin Melko hyvin En osaa sanoa Melko huonosti Huonosti
Ennen tulvia
Tulvien aikana
Tulvien jälkeen
Päivitys 17.12.2014
Lapin ympäristökeskus on nykyään osa Lapin ELY-keskusta
10. 10
Jos Saarenkylän alueelle tehtäisiin
varautumistoimenpiteitä, mitä mieltä
olette seuraavista väittämistä?
95
119
56
20
43
74
136
131
70
43
104
100
40
33
71
60
54
53
28
17
40
54
48
40
4
5
63
124
52
35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Ne ehkäisisivät tulvavahinkoja
Ne loisivat turvallisuudentunnetta
Tontilleni saisi rakentaa tulvapenkereen/seinän
Olisin valmis osallistumaan tulvapenkereen/seinän
rakentamiskustannuksiin
Olisn valmis tinkimään maisemasta tulvapenkereen
vuoksi
Olisin valmis tinkimään luontoarvoista
varautumistoimenpiteiden vuoksi
Samaa mieltä Jokseenkin samaa mieltä En osaa sanoa Jokseenkin eri mieltä Eri mieltä
11. 11
Miten tärkeinä pidätte seuraavia tulviin
varautumiskeinoja?
119
207
166
174
208
216
99
75
105
86
76
78
11
18
16
17
12
13
57
9
15
17
11
4
20
1
4
3
1
1
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Omat varautumistoimenpiteeni
Vesistön säännöstely
Penkereen ja muut tulvasuojelutoimenpiteet
Kaavoittaminen
Viestintä ennen tulia
Tulvavaroitukset
Tärkeä Melko tärkeä En osaa sanoa Ei kovin tärkeä Ei lainkaan tärkeä
12. 12
Mikä on mielestänne tämänhetkinen oma ja
naapurustonne varautumisen aste tulviin?
20
10
63
37
25
120
99
85
109
65
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Oma varautuminen
Naapuruston varautuminen
Hyvä Melko hyvä En osaa sanoa Melko huono Huono
13. 13
Onko asuinrakennukseenne/toimipaikkaanne
tehty tulvan aikana tai sen uhatessa
seuraavia toimenpiteitä?
31 31
2 1
175
29
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Siirretty
vahingolle
arkoja esineitä
ylempiin
kerroksiin
korkeammalle
Suojattu
kiinteistöä
(esim.
hiekkasäkit,
viemäreiden
tulppaamiset)
Siirretty
omaisuutta
kokonaan
toisaalle
Siirretty
henkilöitä
toisaalle
Ei ole tehty
toimenpiteitä
Muita
toimenpiteitä
14. 14
Ensisijainen tiedonlähteenne Rovaniemeä
uhkaavista tulvista ja mitä tiedonlähteitä
käytätte tulvatiedon saamiseksi?
TV Radio
Sanomal
ehti
Internet
Perhe tai
ystävät
Muu
Ensisijainen 128 189 143 69 42 18
Käyttäisin 164 154 181 134 114 10
0
50
100
150
200
250
15. 15
Miten tyytyväinen olette saatavilla
olevaan tulvatietoon?
10;
3%
120;
39%
46;
15%
7;
2%
128;
41% Hyvin tyytyäväinen
Melko tyytyväinen
Melko tyytymätön
Erittäin tyytymätön
En osaa sanoa
17. ● Asukkaan vastuulla on suojella itseään ja
omaisuuttaan omilla toimillaan.
● Pelastusviranomaisen vastuulla on toiminnan
suunnittelu ja johtaminen tulvatilanteessa sekä
pelastustoiminta.
● ELY-keskuksen vastuulla on tiedottaminen
tulvavaarasta, tulviin varautuminen ennen tulvia sekä
vesistön käytön valvonta.
● Kunnan vastuulla on suojella omia rakenteita ja
toimintaa sekä tukea pelastusviranomaisia
tulvasuojelussa.
17
Vastuunjako tulva-asioissa
18. ● Jos taloni on tulvavaara-alueella
○ Talon suojaus
○ Salaojien ja rumpujen tukkiminen
○ Kellarin viemäri
○ Vaaravyöhykkeellä olevien sähkölaitteiden
kartoittaminen ja suojaus
○ Omaisuuden siirtäminen turvaan
○ Evakuointireitit, liikuntarajoitteiset henkilöt
18
Mitä voimme itse tehdä?
ENNEN TULVAA
19. ● Jos vaarana lumen sulamisesta aiheutuva
paikallinen tulvavahinko
● Avaan tontilta pois johtavat pintavesien kulkureitit
● Avaan hulevesikaivot lumesta ja jäästä
● Toimenpiteet ennen tulvaa
● Tulvakartat (www.ymparisto.fi/tulvakartat)
● Tulvatiedotus (media, kaupunki, ELY-keskus, SYKE)
● Tärkeät yhteystiedot
● Paristokäyttöinen radio, taskulamppu ja ensiapupakkaus
● Pihalla omaisuus kiinnitettynä
19
Mitä voimme itse tehdä?
ENNEN TULVAA
20. ● Kuuntelen tiedotuksia, hälytyksiä ja ohjeita
● Välitän tietoa naapureille ja poikkeuksellisista havainnoista
viranomaisille
● Sähkölaitteet pois toiminnasta tai suojaan ne
● Tukin alueelle johtavat viemärit, rummut ja salaojat ja
varmistan, ettei siitä aiheudu haittaa naapurille
● Suojaan taloani tilapäisillä rakenteilla
● Jos mahdollista pidän suojatun alueen sisäpuolen pumpulla
kuivana
20
Mitä voimme itse tehdä?
TULVATILANTEESSA
21. ● Katkaisen sähkön pääkatkaisimesta
● Suljen veden sulkuventtiilistä
● Varmistan poistumisreitin
● Muistan lemmikkieläimet ja lääkkeet
● Varon virtaavaa tulvavettä – matalakin nopeasti virtaava
vesi voi kaataa aikuisen
● Tulvavesi voi sisältää terveydelle haitallisia aineita
● Vältän ajamista veden peittämällä tiellä
● Jos en pääse omin avuin turvaan soitan 112
TULVAN JÄLKEEN
● Varmistan, että alueella asuminen on turvallista
21
Jos asunnosta on poistuttava