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Unit VII Case Study Melissa
For this assignment, complete the case study titled,
“Succession Management at General Electric” located on page
301 in Chapter 10 of your textbook. Read the case study and
answer the three questions that follow. Explain your responses
using what you learned through this unit.
Answer all three questions in one Word document. Your
entire case study should be a minimum of two pages in length
and use APA style.
Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading
Rubric for this assignment is provided below.
Case Study
Succession Management at General Electric
General Electric (GE) is widely recognized for its leadership
talent and its succession management system. One of the best
examples of succession management is how GE’s former CEO
Jack Welsh shaped and elevated the company’s philosophy,
practice, and reputation for developing leaders. In a speech,
Welch stated, “From now on, choosing my successors the most
important decision I’ll make” GE’s commitment to developing
leaders from within has yielded positive results for both the
company’s employees and for GE. In fact, the program has been
so successful that it’s been widely emulated by other global
organizations.
Measuring and developing talent lies at the forefront of GE’s
business strategy discussions. Ge’s operating system, referred to
as its “learningulture in action,” entails year round learning
sessions in which leaders from GE and outside companies share
best practices with one another and generate ideas for new
practices. Every GE business is responsible for having
succession plans for key leadership roles.
GE’s succession management system is fairly simple. GE
managers and executives are moved from job to job every two
or three years, and each job for change or promotion is a well-
though-out process, the provides mangers with much-needed
experience and exposure to certain elements of the business,
This has allowed GE to build a management team that is very
knowledgeable and experienced. Performance management and
leadership assessments help to identify future leadership talent,
and a comprehensive leadership development plan helps prepare
these people for what they need for the next level. GE’s
employee management system tracks individual employees’
progress and regular organizational succession reviews help to
keep the talent pipeline full. GE also makes it one of its
business leasers’ top goals to help their people grow and move
them along their career paths In addition to business results,
leaders are also expected to hit employees growth and
development targets.
Questions
1. Do you think that GE’s approach to succession management
would work for all organization’s? Why or why not?
2. What are some possible disadvantages of moving people to
new jobs every two or three years?
3. Why does GE’s succession management approach work so
well?
Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative
University of New Mexico
http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu
This material was developed by Sarah Suazo, Justin Baca, and
Jennifer Sawayda under the direction of O.C. Ferrell and Linda
Ferrell. It is
provided for the Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative at the University
of New Mexico and is intended for classroom discussion rather
than to
illustrate effective or ineffective handling of administrative,
ethical, or legal decisions by management. Users of this
material are
prohibited from claiming this material as their own, emailing it
to others, or placing it on the Internet. Please call O.C. Ferrell
at 505-277-
3468 for more information. (2012)
Patagonia: A Sustainable Outlook on
Business
INT RODUC T ION
How can businesses make a difference in a world of decreasing
resources? Patagonia is diligently
working toward finding an answer to that question. Patagonia is
a privately held outdoor clothing
company based out of Ventura, California that generates yearly
sales of approximately $540 million.
Patagonia’s clothing has been developed and marketed toward a
variety of outdoor sports, travel,
and everyday wear. The company has integrated core beliefs
and values into every product it
produces and is known for its innovative designs, exceptional
quality, and environmental ingenuity.
Its high integrity and commitment to the environment has
placed Patagonia on the Ethisphere
Institute’s “World’s Most Ethical Companies” list for six
consecutive years since the list was first
developed in 2007.
This case analysis will start by examining the history of
Patagonia, including the inspiration behind
its current state as an ethical and eco-conscious company.
Patagonia’s core purpose and values are
examined, followed by the type of leadership and management
styles that have led Patagonia to
success. Next, we will examine Patagonia’s many environmental
initiatives as well as how these
initiatives fit with Patagonia’s core vision and values. We then
describe Patagonia’s corporate social
responsibility, particularly its relationships with its suppliers.
We conclude by examining the future
of Patagonia as it embarks upon new initiatives to advance its
vision of environment conservation
and restoration.
HIST ORY OF PAT AGO NIA
Like many successful companies, Patagonia stems from one
entrepreneur’s passion. In 1953 Yvon
Chouinard, founder of Patagonia, developed a passion for rock
climbing. His passions brought him
west to the San Fernando Valley in California, where he became
an expert at climbing and
rappelling. Unfortunately, his passion was limited by a lack of
appropriate climbing gear. The only
available climbing gear were pitons, metal spikes that were
driven into cracks or seams in rocks.
These pitons were left in the rock, meaning that a long climb
could require hundreds of these tools.
Chouinard became inspired after meeting a Swiss climber that
had crafted his own set of iron
pitons. After turning his parents’ garage into a coal forge,
Chouinard began to make his own
reusable pitons that were stronger than what was currently on
the market. Word of Chouinard’s
invention spread, and he began selling his pitons out of the back
of his car for $1.50 each. Although
the hobby was enough to support him, he often lived on less
than a dollar day. Drifting along the
2
California coast, Chouinard took pride in his rebellious
lifestyle. However, demand for his gear soon
caught up with him.
By 1965 Chouinard decided to partner with Tom Frost to create
Chouinard Equipment. For nearly
a decade Chouinard and Frost made improvements on nearly
every climbing tool. In 1972
Chouinard Equipment took its first steps towards environmental
consciousness and revolutionized
the idea of aluminum chocks to replace the pitons of the
climbing industry. These chocks were
designed to eliminate damage to rocks as they were wedged by
hand rather than hammered into
cracks.
Chouinard first realized a need for more functional climbing
clothing when he purchased a rugby
shirt on an overseas trip. The shirt provided protection from the
elements and was a colorful
contrast to the standard dull colored shirts climbers often wore.
Soon Chouinard and his wife
Malinda were selling clothing as way to support the hardware
business, but by 1972, the clothing
line had expanded to become its own business venture. The
name Patagonia was chosen for the
clothing line. The name was intended to reflect the mysticism
of far off lands and adventurous
places located not quite on the map.
Patagonia took off. Consumers loved Patagonia’s durable and
brightly colored clothing. From the
get-go, Chouinard and his wife Malinda knew they wanted to
sell items that would have a minimal
impact on the environment. In 1985 the firm began donating 1
percent of its total sales to
environmental organizations.
However, like many companies, Patagonia tried to expand too
quickly. This wide-scale expansion
placed Patagonia into dire financial straits. Banks were not
willing to provide the company with
credit, and Patagonia had to lay off one-fifth of its employees.
Chouinard considered selling the
company. Instead, he chose to go in a more sustainable
direction. The company switched to the
more expensive organic cotton in 1996, a risky business move
considering it increased the firm’s
supply costs. He invested in other sustainable materials and
decided to make products more
durable. This was also a risky move because companies often
rely on consumers coming back to get
replacement products. Conceivably, the more durable the
product, the less customers need to
purchase from the company. However, the exact opposite
occurred: consumers were more willing
to do business with Patagonia due to its environmental
consciousness and the fact that they could
trust Patagonia’s products to last a long time.
Today Patagonia is debt-free—and is still willing to bend the
rules. For instance, the firm—which
constantly remarks that it places the environment over profits—
has embarked upon a “Buy Less”
campaign. The campaign encouraged consumers to sell their
used Patagonia gear on eBay or
through Patagonia’s website. However, some analysts think this
will actually increase Patagonia
sales among those who care about the environment and among
those who want to sell their old
gear and use the proceeds to purchase new Patagonia products.
These campaigns and Patagonia’s
environmental consciousness have appeared to pay off: revenue
has doubled since 2008. The firm
has expanded, albeit more carefully, to 88 global retail outlets
and sells its products in other retail
establishments such as REI.
3
PAT AGON IA’ S PURPO SE AND C ORE VAL U ES
When Patagonia was first developed, Yvon and Malinda agreed
that the company would produce
only products of the highest quality and manufactured in the
most responsible way. The goal of the
company would not be to make money but to share a love for
the outdoors and create a diversity of
products for all facets of outdoor life. Those values continue to
govern the business practices of
Patagonia. They selected the following mission statement for
the company: “Build the best product,
cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and
implement solutions to the environmental
crisis.”
Patagonia strives to live out its mission statement every day. To
make its mission into a reality,
Patagonia has adopted four core guiding principles for its
operations outlined in Table 1.
Table 1: Patagonia’s Four Core Values
Quality: Pursuit of ever-greater quality in everything we do.
Integrity: Relationships built on integrity and respect.
Environmentalism: Serve as a catalyst for personal and
corporate action.
Not Bound by Convention: Our success—and much of the fun—
lies in developing innovative
ways to do things.
Source: Patagonia, Patagonia and Corporate Social
Responsibility, November 2007,
http://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_EU/social_response2.pdf
(accessed November 2, 2012).
For Patagonia, this means working with friends, hiring self-
motivated, intelligent employees, and
giving them flexible time to enjoy surfing, climbing, and
spending time with their families. Another
important value involves finding ways to be responsible by
restoring or reusing, which has
prompted the company to open retail locations in old buildings
that have been restored. After the
company nearly went out of business during the 1990s, Yvon
Chouinard vowed to never again stray
from the core values that he had adopted to develop Patagonia.
These values are strongly
embedded into all company operations and activities.
PAT AGON IA’ S L EADE RSH IP AND MANA GE MENT
ST Y L E
The headquarters of Patagonia, based out of Ventura,
California, are anything but traditional
corporate offices. Instead of parking lots full of cars, bicycles
and surfboards can be seen lined up
outside the building. It is not uncommon the see barefoot
employees walking the campus, and the
days surf report is posted above the desk at reception. Solar
panels, Tibetan prayer flags, and sheds
full of rescued or recuperating owls and hawks make this
corporate campus unique and unlike any
other. Employees can take off during the day to go surfing and
eat organic food from the company’s
café. Patagonia also encourages employees to exercise, offering
them areas for yoga or aerobics.
http://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_EU/social_response2.pdf
4
Yvon Chouinard set out to create a company that was proactive
in its approach to how business is
conducted by embracing a progressive corporate culture. For
instance, Patagonia believes that
employees should be out enjoying nature or tending their
children when sick. Chouinard’s ideas
have made the company widely popular with employees and
have steered the company toward
innovation and success on a global platform. For more than 20
years, Patagonia has been named
one of the top 100 best companies by Working Mother magazine
because of the flexible work hours
and in-house child care center available for employees. From
its beginnings, Patagonia was crafted
as a company of sound ethical standards that would parallel the
hopes and dreams of its founders.
Although Yvon Chouinard owns Patagonia, he surrounds
himself with talented leaders to help
advance the company’s goals. Patagonia also utilizes
individuals who are just as passionate about
the outdoors. For instance, the company collects insights from
what it calls brand ambassadors
from different outdoor sports areas, such as fly fishing, alpine
climbing, skiing, and trail running.
Additionally, Patagonia CEO Casey Sheahan is strongly
committed to Patagonia’s vision of
environmentalism and used to run the Conservation Alliance, an
alliance of businesses co-founded
by Patagonia to encourage outdoor firms to donate toward
environment causes and organizations.
Under his leadership Patagonia has expanded in its ventures to
promote sustainable business
practices and improve the environment. It also won Corporate
Responsibility magazine’s 18th annual
Business Ethics award for environmental sustainability.
Sheahan was listed as one of the ten most
ethical leaders by MBA.com. Patagonia’s leadership has become
well-known for ethical conduct and
for guiding the company according to its corporate mission and
values.
ORGANIZAT IONAL SU C C E SS
The goal of most business strategies is focused on decreasing
costs and increasing revenues,
thereby allowing for maximum profit growth. In many ways,
Patagonia seems to run counter to this
supposition. For Patagonia the environment has been the
primary focus.
When Yvon Chouinard created Patagonia thirty-five years ago,
his goal was to lead by example and
focus on core business values rather than bottom line profits.
This non-traditional way of doing
business has created a revolution in business thinking about the
role of corporate social
responsibility. The company has become a successful and
sustainable privately held organization
since its beginnings in 1972. It has been able to maintain
average growth rates of 3-8% annually
and has annual sales of approximately $540 million. By
keeping the company private, Chouinard
has been able to make strategic moves that fit his agenda and
future goals.
Patagonia promotes the idea that consumers should be buying
and consuming less. They hold
annual “Tools Conferences” that are designed to educate,
motivate, and encourage environmental
activists and consumers on how to more effectively advocate for
the natural environment.
Patagonia not only advocates a simplistic lifestyle through its
cutting edge technology in clothing
manufacturing and minimalist design, but it markets a simplistic
lifestyle through its dedication to
sustainability.
Patagonia has led the way in pioneering cutting edge technology
for the production of its clothing.
Most of the products that were originally produced and sold
were made from conventionally grown
5
cotton. In 1994, the company pushed for a shift to organic
cotton when it realized the
environmental damages that were incurred during conventional
cotton growing. Organic cotton
cost 50 to 100 percent more, and suppliers at first were
reluctant to make the switch. They were
unsure whether customers would be willing to pay a premium
price for new products made out of
organic cotton. However, resulting sales rose 25 percent.
Despite the establishment of the organic cotton industry,
Chouinard was unhappy with the idea that
organic cotton was not self-sustaining and could not be recycled
or reused. This brought about
another organizational shift toward making products that would
be completely recyclable and
could be produced out of recycled materials. In 1993,
Patagonia was the first to introduce fleece
made from recycled plastic soda bottles. To date, Patagonia
uses a number of more
environmentally friendlier fibers, like organic cottons, recycled
polyester and nylon, chlorine-free
wool, and hemp for the production of a number of its products.
These innovations have created an
organization built on successful sustainability.
ENVIRO NMENT AL IN I T IA T IVES
Over the years, Patagonia has teamed up with other corporations
to develop and create initiatives
aimed at reducing the environmental footprint businesses leave
behind. They have pioneered
revolutions in clothing technology development and
manufacturing. Patagonia has also been an
innovative force in creating programs that deal with the
environmental crisis head on, as
demonstrated by the initiatives below.
1% FOR T HE PL AN ET :
The organization 1% for the Planet is an alliance of businesses
that donate part of their proceeds to
environmental organizations to support sustainability and the
preservation of the environment.
Since 1985 Patagonia has committed to donate 1 percent of its
sales to environmental
organizations around the world that work to conserve and
restore the natural environment. Since
it started to support 1% for the Planet, Patagonia has
contributed more than $46 million in
donations. Yvon Chouinard has also partnered with other
likeminded entrepreneurs to create a
nonprofit that encourages other companies to join the initiative.
COMMON T HREADS IN IT I AT IV E :
This initiative embraces the concept of “Reduce, Repair, Reuse,
Recycle, Reimagine.” The Common
Threads Initiative is a partnership with Patagonia and their
customers to buy and use clothes more
sustainably. Patagonia’s ultimate aim is to close the loop on the
lifecycle of its products. As
mentioned earlier with Patagonia’s “Buy Less” campaign, the
firm encourages customers to buy
less, including refusing to buy from Patagonia products that
they do not need. To reduce the
amount of products that customers do purchase from Patagonia,
the company seeks to make
quality products that will last a long time. Patagonia also posts
advice on its website for consumers
on how to take care of problems with their clothes so they will
not have to be thrown away, such as
ways to get rid of stains.
6
The second part of the process involves repairing products.
Patagonia offers to repair products for
free if it appears that Patagonia is responsible for the need. If
not, Patagonia offers to repair the
product at a “fair price” and tries to have the product back to
the consumer in 10 business days.
Next, Patagonia encourages users who no longer want their
products to donate them to a charity or
sell them. Patagonia offers consumers the ability to sell their
products through their Common
Threads website or through eBay. However, if the product is
worn out, then Patagonia will take the
product and recycle it into something else. Since 2005
Patagonia has turned 34 tons of recycled
clothes into new clothes. Finally, Patagonia urges its
stakeholders to reimagine a world where
goods are only purchased when nature can replace them. By
engaging in the Common Threads
Initiative, Patagonia hopes to create a closed loop system in
which its products never end up in a
landfill.
CON S ERV AT ION ALLIA N C E :
The Conservation Alliance was co-founded by Patagonia in
1989. The purpose of the Conservation
Alliance is to encourage businesses in the outdoor industry to
contribute to environmental
organizations. Throughout the years the Conservation Alliance
has grown beyond its four founders
to include over 170 businesses. The Conservation Alliance
donated $900,000 in 2010. Patagonia
remains actively involved with the Conservation Alliance and
maintains a seat of the board.
BLU ES IGN ® S T AN DARD :
Patagonia is currently working with bluesign® technologies in
its quest to reduce resource
consumption. For those resources that cannot be reduced,
bluesign helps Patagonia to use more
sustainable resources that will have less of a negative impact on
the environment. Those who work
with bluesign must adhere to a set of rigorous standards, and
bluesign will audit its partners—
including Patagonia—to determine how many of their processes
meet these standards. Bluesign
standards for improvement cover five areas: resource
productivity, consumer safety, water
emissions, air emissions, and occupational health. To
demonstrate their commitment, bluesign
partners must adopt management systems to improve their
performance in these areas.
Some of the more environmentally damaging and unhealthy
aspects of the textile industry are the
chemicals used in the process. Bluesign has included three color
coded categories for chemicals
such as dyes: blue for “safe” chemicals, gray for those requiring
special handling, and black for
“forbidden” chemicals. The goal is to totally eliminate these
“black” chemicals through the adoption
of alternative chemicals or processes. So far Patagonia has 16
percent of its products that qualify as
“bluesign-approved fabrics,” with the goal to increase this to
100 percent by 2015.
CON S ERV ACIO N PATA ONIA
Conservacio n Patagonia is an effort by Patagonia employees to
create a national park in South
America. Some Patagonia employees have traveled to South
America to aid in the construction of
this national park. Employees have engaged in activities such as
trail construction and the
restoration of the park’s grasslands. This provides them with
direct experience in helping to
7
restore and preserve the environment—the very goals that
Patagonia itself embraces. The park is
estimated to be about 650,000 acres upon completion.
PAT AGON IA PROV IS ION S
Yvon Chouinard continues to remain proactive not only in
addressing Patagonia’s goals but also in
including other businesses and stakeholders in the company’s
environmental vision. One of the
firm’s more recent ventures includes Patagonia Provisions. In
this initiative, Patagonia partners
with First Nation fishermen in British Columbia to offer
sustainable Pacific smoked salmon and
jerky products.
Patagonia embarked upon this initiative to combat the
unsustainable harvesting of salmon
populations. While farmed salmon seems like a viable
alternative, the chemicals and pollution at
these farms concerned Patagonia founder Yvon Chouinard.
Inspired by Patagonia’s earlier quest to
source sustainable cotton, the firm began investigating ways to
offer salmon that was not only
sustainably sourced but also healthier. The company partnered
with fish conservation program
Skeena Wild to look into sustainable sourcing techniques,
identifying many native practices from
First Nation peoples that appeared to be the most sustainable.
The resulting fish processing plant in
British Columbia actively partners with nonprofit conservation
organizations to ensure sustainable
fishing practices. The firm also investigated ways of smoking
the salmon to create quality salmon
jerky. With this new venture, Patagonia hopes to be profitable,
sustainable, and influential toward
other companies looking to pursue similar practices in
preserving and restoring the environment.
OT HER IN IT IAT IV ES
Patagonia has also invested in a number of other initiatives
spanning from supply chain tracking to
responsible water consumption. One of Patagonia’s major goals
with these environmental
initiatives is to get other stakeholders involved in the common
mission of environmental protection
and appreciation. The following are some of Patagonia’s other
projects:
musicians to create the Patagonia
Music Collective. This partnership sells “benefit tracks” on
iTunes for 99 cents. All proceeds
are donated to environmental causes.
site that enables users to track
the environmental impact of certain Patagonia products
throughout the supply chain from
design through delivery.
stakeholders about the growing crisis
of water consumption. As the demand for water grows among
the human population,
businesses will have to do a better job of conserving these
critical resources. Patagonia is
investigating the amount of water it consumes to find ways to
reduce its water footprint.
involved in determining to which
environmental organizations Patagonia should donate money.
Each store is provided with
$5,000 to distribute to three environmental organizations. Store
customers can then vote on
8
the top three. The winning store receives $2,500, the second
winner receives $1,500, and
the third receives $1,000.
C ORPORAT E SOC IAL RES PON SIBIL IT Y
Large corporations have huge impacts on society. Because of
this, stakeholders are increasingly
expecting large organizations to fulfill social responsibilities
for each stakeholder group. Patagonia
has always had a focus on satisfying the stakeholders of the
community by producing products
made from eco-friendly materials. Along with producing
environmentally friendly products, the
company has increased its efforts to host and sponsor
environmental initiatives throughout the
years. It has participated in and sponsored events ranging from
promoting wildlife corridors to
combating genetic engineering.
In addition to satisfying stakeholder groups throughout the
community, Patagonia also focuses on
satisfying its employees. As described earlier, Patagonia
believes in a work/life balance philosophy.
Due to this strong relationship with its workforce, the company
has a 25 percent turnover rate
compared to the industry average of 43.8 percent. Patagonia
averages nine hundred applications
per job opening, providing it with the opportunity to hire the
best talent.
Patagonia also works with factories to ensure that its products
are being produced in alignment
with Patagonia’s corporate values and environmental integrity.
In 1990 Patagonia developed the
Contractor Relationship Assessment, a scorecard used to rate a
factory’s performance. To ensure
objectivity, Patagonia also uses third party auditors to
determine whether suppliers are working in
compliance with Patagonia standards, including working
conditions and human rights. In 1996,
Patagonia became a founding member of FLA (Fair Labor
Association), which conducts audits and
training on factory conditions. While Patagonia temporarily
dropped out of the FLA, it later rejoined
the organization. In 2007 the firm joined the Fair Factory
Clearinghouse (FLC), which is a database
that helps Patagonia collect and manage supplier data that deals
with social and environmental
issues. This information is shared with other firms in
Patagonia’s industry and can help establish
benchmarks for best practices.
Patagonia also joined the Joint Initiative on Corporate
Accountability and Workers Rights (JO-IN) in
2004. JO-IN is a collaboration between organizations such as
the Ethical Trading Initiative and the
Fair Labor Association. Its purpose is three-fold. First, it wants
to improve labor conditions by
investigating ways to increase the effectiveness of different
stakeholder approaches in the
development and enforcement of codes of conduct. Secondly, it
aims to increase cooperation
between organizations on global supplier ethical practices.
Finally, it seeks to increase awareness of
how these codes can better the workplace conditions at global
factories. Patagonia took the
strategies it learned from this collaboration and tested them on
one of its factory suppliers in
Turkey. Initial results implied that the factory’s conditions were
improving. This collaboration into
best practices for global supplier codes of conduct and
enforcement can help Patagonia manage the
ethical conduct of its many suppliers.
When deciding whether to open a new factory, Patagonia’s
Social/Environmental Responsibility
(SER) department collaborates with its Sourcing and Quality
departments to determine whether a
9
certain factory would be a good fit for Patagonia. Patagonia
places so much importance on ensuring
social and environmental responsibility that the director of the
SER department has the power to
veto a potential factory location if he or she believes the factory
is not in compliance with
Patagonia’s CSR goals or regulations. Patagonia has also
developed a Workplace Code of Conduct
that is based upon standards found in the International Labor
Organization.
Finally, Patagonia regularly audits its factories. It audited 90
percent of the factories it uses in 2010.
It also scores factories based on how they measure up to social
responsibility and environmental
goals. For its materials suppliers such as mills, Patagonia has
Environmental Health and Safety
requirements as well as a Raw Materials Social Responsibility
program. Under this program,
Patagonia’s materials suppliers must audit their factories to
measure whether they are in
compliance with safety, social responsibility, and environmental
criteria as well as areas of
improvement. By raising the bar for social and environmental
responsibility among its suppliers
and factories, Patagonia is attempting to incorporate corporate
social responsibility among all of its
stakeholders.
WHAT T H E F UT URE HOL D S F OR PAT A GO NIA
Patagonia shows no signs of slowing down, and neither does
Yvon Chouinard. The company
remains dedicated to advancing environmental awareness among
businesses—even if it entails
partnering with some unlikely companies. For instance,
Patagonia partnered with Walmart and
Adidas to form the Sustainable Apparel Coalition. This was not
the first time Patagonia worked with
Walmart; it had partnered with the firm in 2009 to collaborate
on a sustainability assessment tool
that would help Walmart monitor the sustainability of its supply
chain. The Sustainable Apparel
Coalition (SAC) is a broader alliance of companies that will
create an index to measure
sustainability criteria in business supply chains such as energy
use and work conditions. The SAC is
also creating an index called the Higg Index to measure the
sustainability of apparel based upon the
materials and processes used. Patagonia realizes that to create
lasting change, it must not only
improve its sustainability operations but also assist in helping
other businesses learn how to reduce
their impact on the environment.
Chouinard continues to see himself as an innovator rather than
just an inventor. Under his
influence and the influence of company leaders such as CEO
Casey Sheahan, Patagonia seeks to
make a difference and create a revolution in how businesses
view sustainability. Rather than taking
from the environment, the goal for Patagonia is to educate
consumers and businesses about how
they can help to preserve it.
Ironically, this vision was reinforced during the 1990s when
Patagonia almost went out of business
due to rapid expansion. According to Chouinard, keeping the
firm in business meant reexamining
the firm’s values. The company came out of the crisis stronger
and more dedicated to making a
positive impact in both the environmental and the business
realms. Patagonia demonstrates how
strong corporate values and ethical leadership can create a
company that is both successful and a
role model for those who desire to make a positive difference.
10
QUEST ION S
1. Describe how Patagonia acts out its four core values?
2. How has Patagonia been able to promote sustainability among
other businesses?
3. Do you think it is beneficial in the long-term for Patagonia to
branch out into ventures other
than apparel? How has it been able to align initiatives such as
Patagonia Provisions with its
core values?
Sources
Patagonia, “Company Info: Our History,”
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=3351
(accessed November 2, 2012).
Seth Stevenson, “Patagonia’s Founder Is America’s Most
Unlikely Business uru,” The Wall Street Journal, April 26,
2012,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303513404577
352221465986612.html (accessed November 2, 2012).
Hugo Martín, “Outdoor retailer Patagonia puts environment
ahead of sales growth,” Los Angeles Times, May 24, 2012,
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/24/business/la-fi-
patagonia-20120525 (accessed November 2, 2012).
Eric Lowitt, Patagonia's "Buy Less" Campaign May Lead to
More Revenue,” Harvard Business Review, October 3, 2011,
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ml (accessed November 2, 2012).
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Fortune, May 29, 2007,
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Ethisphere Magazine, 2012, http://www.ethisphere.com/wme/
(accessed
November 2, 2012).
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(accessed November 2, 2012).
Patagonia, Patagonia and Corporate Social Responsibility,
November 2007,
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(accessed November 2, 2012).
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2011, http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/best-
jobs/38-
Patagonia.html (accessed November 2, 2012).
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Companies,” Working Mother,
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company-list/129110 (accessed November 2, 2012).
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Success,” [email protected], October 31, 2007,
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(accessed November 2, 2012).
Patagonia, “Environmentalism: What We Do,”
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(accessed November 2,
2012).
Patagonia, “Fabric: Recycled Polyester,”
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(accessed November 5, 2012).
Unknown author, “10 Most Ethical CEOs in Corporate
America.” MBA.com, March 28, 2012,
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Coley Malloy, “Casey Sheahan Named CEO and President of
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bin/snews/04545.html (accessed November 5, 2012).
Michael Conner, “Business Ethics 18th Annual Awards,”
Corporate Responsibility Magazine,
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(accessed November 5, 2012).
Jennifer Wang, “Patagonia Founder Yvon Chouinard on His
Latest Social Venture,” Entrepreneur. May 2011,
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2012).
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(accessed
November 5, 2012).
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(accessed
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(accessed
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(accessed November 5, 2012).
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(Patagonia Inc., 2007).
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(accessed November
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(accessed November 5, 2012).
Patagonia, “Our Ambassadors,”
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6, 2012).
Kristall Lutz, “What Makes Patagonia “The Coolest Company
on the Planet”: Insights from Founder, Yvon Chouinard,”
OppGreen Insights,
January 27, 2011, http://www.opportunitygreen.com/green-
business-blog/2011/01/27/what-makes-patagonia-the-coolest-
company-on-the-planet-insights-from-founder-yvon-chouinard/
(accessed November 6, 2012).
Sustainable Coalition website, http://www.apparelcoalition.org/
(accessed September 13, 2012).
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=3351
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303513404577
352221465986612.html
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/may/24/business/la-fi-
patagonia-20120525
http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/10/patagonias_buy_less_campai.ht
ml
http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/
04/02/8403423/index.htm
http://www.ethisphere.com/wme/
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=2047
http://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_EU/social_response2.pdf
http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/best-jobs/38-
Patagonia.html
http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/best-jobs/38-
Patagonia.html
http://www.workingmother.com/best-company-list/129110
http://www.workingmother.com/best-company-list/129110
http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=1829
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=15372
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corporate-america/
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corporate-america/
http://www.snewsnet.com/cgi-bin/snews/04545.html
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http://www.thecro.com/?q=node/167
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http://www.wfae.org/wfae/nprnews.cfm?storyId=142341749
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=65753
http://www.patagonia.com/us/footprint/
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=58844
http://www.ecomagination.com/study-finds-employee-
productivity-edge-for-environmentally-savvy-companies
http://www.workforce.com/article/20111104/NEWS02/1111099
75/patagonia-fills-payroll-with-people-who-are-passionate
http://www.workforce.com/article/20111104/NEWS02/1111099
75/patagonia-fills-payroll-with-people-who-are-passionate
http://www.jo-in.org/pub/about.shtml
http://www.patagonia.com/eu/enGB/patagonia.go?assetid=70727
http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=67372
http://www.patagonia.com/us/ambassadors
http://www.opportunitygreen.com/green-business-
blog/2011/01/27/what-makes-patagonia-the-coolest-company-
on-the-planet-insights-from-founder-yvon-chouinard/
http://www.opportunitygreen.com/green-business-
blog/2011/01/27/what-makes-patagonia-the-coolest-company-
on-the-planet-insights-from-founder-yvon-chouinard/
11
Eliana Dockerman, “Eco Chic How U.S Clothing Brands are
etting reener,” Time, August 20, 2012, p. 13
Ariel Schwartz, “Patagonia, Adidas, Walmart Team Up on
Sustainable Apparel Coalition,” Fast Company, March 1, 2011,
http://www.fastcompany.com/1731780/patagonia-adidas-
walmart-team-sustainable-apparel-coalition (accessed November
6, 2012).
http://www.fastcompany.com/1731780/patagonia-adidas-
walmart-team-sustainable-apparel-coalition

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Unit VII Case Study MelissaFor this assignment, complete the.docx

  • 1. Unit VII Case Study Melissa For this assignment, complete the case study titled, “Succession Management at General Electric” located on page 301 in Chapter 10 of your textbook. Read the case study and answer the three questions that follow. Explain your responses using what you learned through this unit. Answer all three questions in one Word document. Your entire case study should be a minimum of two pages in length and use APA style. Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below. Case Study Succession Management at General Electric General Electric (GE) is widely recognized for its leadership talent and its succession management system. One of the best examples of succession management is how GE’s former CEO Jack Welsh shaped and elevated the company’s philosophy, practice, and reputation for developing leaders. In a speech, Welch stated, “From now on, choosing my successors the most important decision I’ll make” GE’s commitment to developing leaders from within has yielded positive results for both the company’s employees and for GE. In fact, the program has been so successful that it’s been widely emulated by other global organizations. Measuring and developing talent lies at the forefront of GE’s business strategy discussions. Ge’s operating system, referred to as its “learningulture in action,” entails year round learning
  • 2. sessions in which leaders from GE and outside companies share best practices with one another and generate ideas for new practices. Every GE business is responsible for having succession plans for key leadership roles. GE’s succession management system is fairly simple. GE managers and executives are moved from job to job every two or three years, and each job for change or promotion is a well- though-out process, the provides mangers with much-needed experience and exposure to certain elements of the business, This has allowed GE to build a management team that is very knowledgeable and experienced. Performance management and leadership assessments help to identify future leadership talent, and a comprehensive leadership development plan helps prepare these people for what they need for the next level. GE’s employee management system tracks individual employees’ progress and regular organizational succession reviews help to keep the talent pipeline full. GE also makes it one of its business leasers’ top goals to help their people grow and move them along their career paths In addition to business results, leaders are also expected to hit employees growth and development targets. Questions 1. Do you think that GE’s approach to succession management would work for all organization’s? Why or why not? 2. What are some possible disadvantages of moving people to new jobs every two or three years?
  • 3. 3. Why does GE’s succession management approach work so well? Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative University of New Mexico http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu This material was developed by Sarah Suazo, Justin Baca, and Jennifer Sawayda under the direction of O.C. Ferrell and Linda Ferrell. It is provided for the Daniels Fund Ethics Initiative at the University of New Mexico and is intended for classroom discussion rather than to illustrate effective or ineffective handling of administrative, ethical, or legal decisions by management. Users of this material are prohibited from claiming this material as their own, emailing it to others, or placing it on the Internet. Please call O.C. Ferrell at 505-277- 3468 for more information. (2012) Patagonia: A Sustainable Outlook on Business INT RODUC T ION
  • 4. How can businesses make a difference in a world of decreasing resources? Patagonia is diligently working toward finding an answer to that question. Patagonia is a privately held outdoor clothing company based out of Ventura, California that generates yearly sales of approximately $540 million. Patagonia’s clothing has been developed and marketed toward a variety of outdoor sports, travel, and everyday wear. The company has integrated core beliefs and values into every product it produces and is known for its innovative designs, exceptional quality, and environmental ingenuity. Its high integrity and commitment to the environment has placed Patagonia on the Ethisphere Institute’s “World’s Most Ethical Companies” list for six consecutive years since the list was first developed in 2007. This case analysis will start by examining the history of Patagonia, including the inspiration behind its current state as an ethical and eco-conscious company. Patagonia’s core purpose and values are examined, followed by the type of leadership and management styles that have led Patagonia to success. Next, we will examine Patagonia’s many environmental
  • 5. initiatives as well as how these initiatives fit with Patagonia’s core vision and values. We then describe Patagonia’s corporate social responsibility, particularly its relationships with its suppliers. We conclude by examining the future of Patagonia as it embarks upon new initiatives to advance its vision of environment conservation and restoration. HIST ORY OF PAT AGO NIA Like many successful companies, Patagonia stems from one entrepreneur’s passion. In 1953 Yvon Chouinard, founder of Patagonia, developed a passion for rock climbing. His passions brought him west to the San Fernando Valley in California, where he became an expert at climbing and rappelling. Unfortunately, his passion was limited by a lack of appropriate climbing gear. The only available climbing gear were pitons, metal spikes that were driven into cracks or seams in rocks. These pitons were left in the rock, meaning that a long climb could require hundreds of these tools. Chouinard became inspired after meeting a Swiss climber that had crafted his own set of iron
  • 6. pitons. After turning his parents’ garage into a coal forge, Chouinard began to make his own reusable pitons that were stronger than what was currently on the market. Word of Chouinard’s invention spread, and he began selling his pitons out of the back of his car for $1.50 each. Although the hobby was enough to support him, he often lived on less than a dollar day. Drifting along the 2 California coast, Chouinard took pride in his rebellious lifestyle. However, demand for his gear soon caught up with him. By 1965 Chouinard decided to partner with Tom Frost to create Chouinard Equipment. For nearly a decade Chouinard and Frost made improvements on nearly every climbing tool. In 1972 Chouinard Equipment took its first steps towards environmental consciousness and revolutionized the idea of aluminum chocks to replace the pitons of the climbing industry. These chocks were designed to eliminate damage to rocks as they were wedged by hand rather than hammered into
  • 7. cracks. Chouinard first realized a need for more functional climbing clothing when he purchased a rugby shirt on an overseas trip. The shirt provided protection from the elements and was a colorful contrast to the standard dull colored shirts climbers often wore. Soon Chouinard and his wife Malinda were selling clothing as way to support the hardware business, but by 1972, the clothing line had expanded to become its own business venture. The name Patagonia was chosen for the clothing line. The name was intended to reflect the mysticism of far off lands and adventurous places located not quite on the map. Patagonia took off. Consumers loved Patagonia’s durable and brightly colored clothing. From the get-go, Chouinard and his wife Malinda knew they wanted to sell items that would have a minimal impact on the environment. In 1985 the firm began donating 1 percent of its total sales to environmental organizations. However, like many companies, Patagonia tried to expand too quickly. This wide-scale expansion
  • 8. placed Patagonia into dire financial straits. Banks were not willing to provide the company with credit, and Patagonia had to lay off one-fifth of its employees. Chouinard considered selling the company. Instead, he chose to go in a more sustainable direction. The company switched to the more expensive organic cotton in 1996, a risky business move considering it increased the firm’s supply costs. He invested in other sustainable materials and decided to make products more durable. This was also a risky move because companies often rely on consumers coming back to get replacement products. Conceivably, the more durable the product, the less customers need to purchase from the company. However, the exact opposite occurred: consumers were more willing to do business with Patagonia due to its environmental consciousness and the fact that they could trust Patagonia’s products to last a long time. Today Patagonia is debt-free—and is still willing to bend the rules. For instance, the firm—which constantly remarks that it places the environment over profits— has embarked upon a “Buy Less” campaign. The campaign encouraged consumers to sell their
  • 9. used Patagonia gear on eBay or through Patagonia’s website. However, some analysts think this will actually increase Patagonia sales among those who care about the environment and among those who want to sell their old gear and use the proceeds to purchase new Patagonia products. These campaigns and Patagonia’s environmental consciousness have appeared to pay off: revenue has doubled since 2008. The firm has expanded, albeit more carefully, to 88 global retail outlets and sells its products in other retail establishments such as REI. 3 PAT AGON IA’ S PURPO SE AND C ORE VAL U ES When Patagonia was first developed, Yvon and Malinda agreed that the company would produce only products of the highest quality and manufactured in the most responsible way. The goal of the company would not be to make money but to share a love for the outdoors and create a diversity of products for all facets of outdoor life. Those values continue to
  • 10. govern the business practices of Patagonia. They selected the following mission statement for the company: “Build the best product, cause no unnecessary harm, use business to inspire and implement solutions to the environmental crisis.” Patagonia strives to live out its mission statement every day. To make its mission into a reality, Patagonia has adopted four core guiding principles for its operations outlined in Table 1. Table 1: Patagonia’s Four Core Values Quality: Pursuit of ever-greater quality in everything we do. Integrity: Relationships built on integrity and respect. Environmentalism: Serve as a catalyst for personal and corporate action. Not Bound by Convention: Our success—and much of the fun— lies in developing innovative ways to do things. Source: Patagonia, Patagonia and Corporate Social Responsibility, November 2007, http://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_EU/social_response2.pdf (accessed November 2, 2012). For Patagonia, this means working with friends, hiring self-
  • 11. motivated, intelligent employees, and giving them flexible time to enjoy surfing, climbing, and spending time with their families. Another important value involves finding ways to be responsible by restoring or reusing, which has prompted the company to open retail locations in old buildings that have been restored. After the company nearly went out of business during the 1990s, Yvon Chouinard vowed to never again stray from the core values that he had adopted to develop Patagonia. These values are strongly embedded into all company operations and activities. PAT AGON IA’ S L EADE RSH IP AND MANA GE MENT ST Y L E The headquarters of Patagonia, based out of Ventura, California, are anything but traditional corporate offices. Instead of parking lots full of cars, bicycles and surfboards can be seen lined up outside the building. It is not uncommon the see barefoot employees walking the campus, and the days surf report is posted above the desk at reception. Solar panels, Tibetan prayer flags, and sheds full of rescued or recuperating owls and hawks make this corporate campus unique and unlike any
  • 12. other. Employees can take off during the day to go surfing and eat organic food from the company’s café. Patagonia also encourages employees to exercise, offering them areas for yoga or aerobics. http://www.patagonia.com/pdf/en_EU/social_response2.pdf 4 Yvon Chouinard set out to create a company that was proactive in its approach to how business is conducted by embracing a progressive corporate culture. For instance, Patagonia believes that employees should be out enjoying nature or tending their children when sick. Chouinard’s ideas have made the company widely popular with employees and have steered the company toward innovation and success on a global platform. For more than 20 years, Patagonia has been named one of the top 100 best companies by Working Mother magazine because of the flexible work hours and in-house child care center available for employees. From its beginnings, Patagonia was crafted as a company of sound ethical standards that would parallel the hopes and dreams of its founders.
  • 13. Although Yvon Chouinard owns Patagonia, he surrounds himself with talented leaders to help advance the company’s goals. Patagonia also utilizes individuals who are just as passionate about the outdoors. For instance, the company collects insights from what it calls brand ambassadors from different outdoor sports areas, such as fly fishing, alpine climbing, skiing, and trail running. Additionally, Patagonia CEO Casey Sheahan is strongly committed to Patagonia’s vision of environmentalism and used to run the Conservation Alliance, an alliance of businesses co-founded by Patagonia to encourage outdoor firms to donate toward environment causes and organizations. Under his leadership Patagonia has expanded in its ventures to promote sustainable business practices and improve the environment. It also won Corporate Responsibility magazine’s 18th annual Business Ethics award for environmental sustainability. Sheahan was listed as one of the ten most ethical leaders by MBA.com. Patagonia’s leadership has become well-known for ethical conduct and for guiding the company according to its corporate mission and values.
  • 14. ORGANIZAT IONAL SU C C E SS The goal of most business strategies is focused on decreasing costs and increasing revenues, thereby allowing for maximum profit growth. In many ways, Patagonia seems to run counter to this supposition. For Patagonia the environment has been the primary focus. When Yvon Chouinard created Patagonia thirty-five years ago, his goal was to lead by example and focus on core business values rather than bottom line profits. This non-traditional way of doing business has created a revolution in business thinking about the role of corporate social responsibility. The company has become a successful and sustainable privately held organization since its beginnings in 1972. It has been able to maintain average growth rates of 3-8% annually and has annual sales of approximately $540 million. By keeping the company private, Chouinard has been able to make strategic moves that fit his agenda and future goals. Patagonia promotes the idea that consumers should be buying and consuming less. They hold annual “Tools Conferences” that are designed to educate,
  • 15. motivate, and encourage environmental activists and consumers on how to more effectively advocate for the natural environment. Patagonia not only advocates a simplistic lifestyle through its cutting edge technology in clothing manufacturing and minimalist design, but it markets a simplistic lifestyle through its dedication to sustainability. Patagonia has led the way in pioneering cutting edge technology for the production of its clothing. Most of the products that were originally produced and sold were made from conventionally grown 5 cotton. In 1994, the company pushed for a shift to organic cotton when it realized the environmental damages that were incurred during conventional cotton growing. Organic cotton cost 50 to 100 percent more, and suppliers at first were reluctant to make the switch. They were unsure whether customers would be willing to pay a premium price for new products made out of organic cotton. However, resulting sales rose 25 percent.
  • 16. Despite the establishment of the organic cotton industry, Chouinard was unhappy with the idea that organic cotton was not self-sustaining and could not be recycled or reused. This brought about another organizational shift toward making products that would be completely recyclable and could be produced out of recycled materials. In 1993, Patagonia was the first to introduce fleece made from recycled plastic soda bottles. To date, Patagonia uses a number of more environmentally friendlier fibers, like organic cottons, recycled polyester and nylon, chlorine-free wool, and hemp for the production of a number of its products. These innovations have created an organization built on successful sustainability. ENVIRO NMENT AL IN I T IA T IVES Over the years, Patagonia has teamed up with other corporations to develop and create initiatives aimed at reducing the environmental footprint businesses leave behind. They have pioneered revolutions in clothing technology development and manufacturing. Patagonia has also been an innovative force in creating programs that deal with the
  • 17. environmental crisis head on, as demonstrated by the initiatives below. 1% FOR T HE PL AN ET : The organization 1% for the Planet is an alliance of businesses that donate part of their proceeds to environmental organizations to support sustainability and the preservation of the environment. Since 1985 Patagonia has committed to donate 1 percent of its sales to environmental organizations around the world that work to conserve and restore the natural environment. Since it started to support 1% for the Planet, Patagonia has contributed more than $46 million in donations. Yvon Chouinard has also partnered with other likeminded entrepreneurs to create a nonprofit that encourages other companies to join the initiative. COMMON T HREADS IN IT I AT IV E : This initiative embraces the concept of “Reduce, Repair, Reuse, Recycle, Reimagine.” The Common Threads Initiative is a partnership with Patagonia and their customers to buy and use clothes more sustainably. Patagonia’s ultimate aim is to close the loop on the lifecycle of its products. As
  • 18. mentioned earlier with Patagonia’s “Buy Less” campaign, the firm encourages customers to buy less, including refusing to buy from Patagonia products that they do not need. To reduce the amount of products that customers do purchase from Patagonia, the company seeks to make quality products that will last a long time. Patagonia also posts advice on its website for consumers on how to take care of problems with their clothes so they will not have to be thrown away, such as ways to get rid of stains. 6 The second part of the process involves repairing products. Patagonia offers to repair products for free if it appears that Patagonia is responsible for the need. If not, Patagonia offers to repair the product at a “fair price” and tries to have the product back to the consumer in 10 business days. Next, Patagonia encourages users who no longer want their products to donate them to a charity or sell them. Patagonia offers consumers the ability to sell their products through their Common
  • 19. Threads website or through eBay. However, if the product is worn out, then Patagonia will take the product and recycle it into something else. Since 2005 Patagonia has turned 34 tons of recycled clothes into new clothes. Finally, Patagonia urges its stakeholders to reimagine a world where goods are only purchased when nature can replace them. By engaging in the Common Threads Initiative, Patagonia hopes to create a closed loop system in which its products never end up in a landfill. CON S ERV AT ION ALLIA N C E : The Conservation Alliance was co-founded by Patagonia in 1989. The purpose of the Conservation Alliance is to encourage businesses in the outdoor industry to contribute to environmental organizations. Throughout the years the Conservation Alliance has grown beyond its four founders to include over 170 businesses. The Conservation Alliance donated $900,000 in 2010. Patagonia remains actively involved with the Conservation Alliance and maintains a seat of the board. BLU ES IGN ® S T AN DARD :
  • 20. Patagonia is currently working with bluesign® technologies in its quest to reduce resource consumption. For those resources that cannot be reduced, bluesign helps Patagonia to use more sustainable resources that will have less of a negative impact on the environment. Those who work with bluesign must adhere to a set of rigorous standards, and bluesign will audit its partners— including Patagonia—to determine how many of their processes meet these standards. Bluesign standards for improvement cover five areas: resource productivity, consumer safety, water emissions, air emissions, and occupational health. To demonstrate their commitment, bluesign partners must adopt management systems to improve their performance in these areas. Some of the more environmentally damaging and unhealthy aspects of the textile industry are the chemicals used in the process. Bluesign has included three color coded categories for chemicals such as dyes: blue for “safe” chemicals, gray for those requiring special handling, and black for “forbidden” chemicals. The goal is to totally eliminate these “black” chemicals through the adoption
  • 21. of alternative chemicals or processes. So far Patagonia has 16 percent of its products that qualify as “bluesign-approved fabrics,” with the goal to increase this to 100 percent by 2015. CON S ERV ACIO N PATA ONIA Conservacio n Patagonia is an effort by Patagonia employees to create a national park in South America. Some Patagonia employees have traveled to South America to aid in the construction of this national park. Employees have engaged in activities such as trail construction and the restoration of the park’s grasslands. This provides them with direct experience in helping to 7 restore and preserve the environment—the very goals that Patagonia itself embraces. The park is estimated to be about 650,000 acres upon completion. PAT AGON IA PROV IS ION S Yvon Chouinard continues to remain proactive not only in addressing Patagonia’s goals but also in including other businesses and stakeholders in the company’s
  • 22. environmental vision. One of the firm’s more recent ventures includes Patagonia Provisions. In this initiative, Patagonia partners with First Nation fishermen in British Columbia to offer sustainable Pacific smoked salmon and jerky products. Patagonia embarked upon this initiative to combat the unsustainable harvesting of salmon populations. While farmed salmon seems like a viable alternative, the chemicals and pollution at these farms concerned Patagonia founder Yvon Chouinard. Inspired by Patagonia’s earlier quest to source sustainable cotton, the firm began investigating ways to offer salmon that was not only sustainably sourced but also healthier. The company partnered with fish conservation program Skeena Wild to look into sustainable sourcing techniques, identifying many native practices from First Nation peoples that appeared to be the most sustainable. The resulting fish processing plant in British Columbia actively partners with nonprofit conservation organizations to ensure sustainable fishing practices. The firm also investigated ways of smoking the salmon to create quality salmon
  • 23. jerky. With this new venture, Patagonia hopes to be profitable, sustainable, and influential toward other companies looking to pursue similar practices in preserving and restoring the environment. OT HER IN IT IAT IV ES Patagonia has also invested in a number of other initiatives spanning from supply chain tracking to responsible water consumption. One of Patagonia’s major goals with these environmental initiatives is to get other stakeholders involved in the common mission of environmental protection and appreciation. The following are some of Patagonia’s other projects: musicians to create the Patagonia Music Collective. This partnership sells “benefit tracks” on iTunes for 99 cents. All proceeds are donated to environmental causes. site that enables users to track the environmental impact of certain Patagonia products throughout the supply chain from design through delivery.
  • 24. stakeholders about the growing crisis of water consumption. As the demand for water grows among the human population, businesses will have to do a better job of conserving these critical resources. Patagonia is investigating the amount of water it consumes to find ways to reduce its water footprint. involved in determining to which environmental organizations Patagonia should donate money. Each store is provided with $5,000 to distribute to three environmental organizations. Store customers can then vote on 8 the top three. The winning store receives $2,500, the second winner receives $1,500, and the third receives $1,000. C ORPORAT E SOC IAL RES PON SIBIL IT Y Large corporations have huge impacts on society. Because of this, stakeholders are increasingly
  • 25. expecting large organizations to fulfill social responsibilities for each stakeholder group. Patagonia has always had a focus on satisfying the stakeholders of the community by producing products made from eco-friendly materials. Along with producing environmentally friendly products, the company has increased its efforts to host and sponsor environmental initiatives throughout the years. It has participated in and sponsored events ranging from promoting wildlife corridors to combating genetic engineering. In addition to satisfying stakeholder groups throughout the community, Patagonia also focuses on satisfying its employees. As described earlier, Patagonia believes in a work/life balance philosophy. Due to this strong relationship with its workforce, the company has a 25 percent turnover rate compared to the industry average of 43.8 percent. Patagonia averages nine hundred applications per job opening, providing it with the opportunity to hire the best talent. Patagonia also works with factories to ensure that its products are being produced in alignment
  • 26. with Patagonia’s corporate values and environmental integrity. In 1990 Patagonia developed the Contractor Relationship Assessment, a scorecard used to rate a factory’s performance. To ensure objectivity, Patagonia also uses third party auditors to determine whether suppliers are working in compliance with Patagonia standards, including working conditions and human rights. In 1996, Patagonia became a founding member of FLA (Fair Labor Association), which conducts audits and training on factory conditions. While Patagonia temporarily dropped out of the FLA, it later rejoined the organization. In 2007 the firm joined the Fair Factory Clearinghouse (FLC), which is a database that helps Patagonia collect and manage supplier data that deals with social and environmental issues. This information is shared with other firms in Patagonia’s industry and can help establish benchmarks for best practices. Patagonia also joined the Joint Initiative on Corporate Accountability and Workers Rights (JO-IN) in 2004. JO-IN is a collaboration between organizations such as the Ethical Trading Initiative and the Fair Labor Association. Its purpose is three-fold. First, it wants
  • 27. to improve labor conditions by investigating ways to increase the effectiveness of different stakeholder approaches in the development and enforcement of codes of conduct. Secondly, it aims to increase cooperation between organizations on global supplier ethical practices. Finally, it seeks to increase awareness of how these codes can better the workplace conditions at global factories. Patagonia took the strategies it learned from this collaboration and tested them on one of its factory suppliers in Turkey. Initial results implied that the factory’s conditions were improving. This collaboration into best practices for global supplier codes of conduct and enforcement can help Patagonia manage the ethical conduct of its many suppliers. When deciding whether to open a new factory, Patagonia’s Social/Environmental Responsibility (SER) department collaborates with its Sourcing and Quality departments to determine whether a 9 certain factory would be a good fit for Patagonia. Patagonia
  • 28. places so much importance on ensuring social and environmental responsibility that the director of the SER department has the power to veto a potential factory location if he or she believes the factory is not in compliance with Patagonia’s CSR goals or regulations. Patagonia has also developed a Workplace Code of Conduct that is based upon standards found in the International Labor Organization. Finally, Patagonia regularly audits its factories. It audited 90 percent of the factories it uses in 2010. It also scores factories based on how they measure up to social responsibility and environmental goals. For its materials suppliers such as mills, Patagonia has Environmental Health and Safety requirements as well as a Raw Materials Social Responsibility program. Under this program, Patagonia’s materials suppliers must audit their factories to measure whether they are in compliance with safety, social responsibility, and environmental criteria as well as areas of improvement. By raising the bar for social and environmental responsibility among its suppliers and factories, Patagonia is attempting to incorporate corporate
  • 29. social responsibility among all of its stakeholders. WHAT T H E F UT URE HOL D S F OR PAT A GO NIA Patagonia shows no signs of slowing down, and neither does Yvon Chouinard. The company remains dedicated to advancing environmental awareness among businesses—even if it entails partnering with some unlikely companies. For instance, Patagonia partnered with Walmart and Adidas to form the Sustainable Apparel Coalition. This was not the first time Patagonia worked with Walmart; it had partnered with the firm in 2009 to collaborate on a sustainability assessment tool that would help Walmart monitor the sustainability of its supply chain. The Sustainable Apparel Coalition (SAC) is a broader alliance of companies that will create an index to measure sustainability criteria in business supply chains such as energy use and work conditions. The SAC is also creating an index called the Higg Index to measure the sustainability of apparel based upon the materials and processes used. Patagonia realizes that to create lasting change, it must not only
  • 30. improve its sustainability operations but also assist in helping other businesses learn how to reduce their impact on the environment. Chouinard continues to see himself as an innovator rather than just an inventor. Under his influence and the influence of company leaders such as CEO Casey Sheahan, Patagonia seeks to make a difference and create a revolution in how businesses view sustainability. Rather than taking from the environment, the goal for Patagonia is to educate consumers and businesses about how they can help to preserve it. Ironically, this vision was reinforced during the 1990s when Patagonia almost went out of business due to rapid expansion. According to Chouinard, keeping the firm in business meant reexamining the firm’s values. The company came out of the crisis stronger and more dedicated to making a positive impact in both the environmental and the business realms. Patagonia demonstrates how strong corporate values and ethical leadership can create a company that is both successful and a role model for those who desire to make a positive difference.
  • 31. 10 QUEST ION S 1. Describe how Patagonia acts out its four core values? 2. How has Patagonia been able to promote sustainability among other businesses? 3. Do you think it is beneficial in the long-term for Patagonia to branch out into ventures other than apparel? How has it been able to align initiatives such as Patagonia Provisions with its core values? Sources Patagonia, “Company Info: Our History,” http://www.patagonia.com/us/patagonia.go?assetid=3351 (accessed November 2, 2012). Seth Stevenson, “Patagonia’s Founder Is America’s Most Unlikely Business uru,” The Wall Street Journal, April 26, 2012, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303513404577 352221465986612.html (accessed November 2, 2012). Hugo Martín, “Outdoor retailer Patagonia puts environment ahead of sales growth,” Los Angeles Times, May 24, 2012,
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