1. UNIT 5:
Task 1: - dot area, ink trap, dot gain
- Color saturation
- the degree of darkness of a photographic or reflecting surface
2: There are two types of densitometer: Reflection densitometers and transmission
densitometers
3:
A reflective densitometer is utilized for measuring opaque surfaces, where a darker image
absorbs more light, resulting in a higher optical density. Unlike how the human eye perceives
color, a densitometer gauges color based on the substrate's reaction to light.
Comprising a light source, optical lenses, a light-sensitive photoelectric eye, and red, green, and
blue filters, the densitometer ensures stable light output, precise focusing of light onto the
sample, spectral response definition via filters, and reflected light monitoring by a detector.
Task 2:
2. It's commonly accepted that polarization filters can minimize the disparity in
densitometer readings between a wet and a dried-back printed sheet. However, this
effect isn't always consistent, as ink absorption depends on both ink composition and
paper porosity. When ink is freshly applied to paper, its surface is relatively smooth. The
densitometer vertically illuminates this surface and observes the reflected light at a 45°
angle, thus approaching the true diffuse density of the ink body. As the ink dries, its
surface becomes rougher, typically resulting in a decrease in density due to increased
surface reflections. However, the use of polarizing filters can significantly mitigate the
impact of these surface reflections.
3. In the printing process, statistics are employed to assess the color quality of an entire
press run, typically based on measurements from a relatively small number of samples.
Reading the densities of every sheet is economically unfeasible.
4. The automatic off switch function conserves battery power by shutting down the device
after a pre-set, adjustable standby period.
Task 3: A densitometer is a device, a instrument used to measure the density of printed products
Task 4: 1. Speedometer
2. Thermometer
3. Voltmeter
4. Ohmmeter
5. Ammeter
6. Multimeter
1. Task 5:
2. image: Image layouts, Image production, Image quality
2. 3. color: Color printer, Color quality, Color proof
4. tonal: Tonal range, Tonal conversion, Tonal quality
5. printing: Printing process, Printing production
6. printed: Printed product, Printed text
7. digital: Digital proof, Digital product, Digital printer
8. graphic: Graphic product, Graphic quality, Graphic production
9. page: Page layouts, Page proof, Page printer
10. ink-jet: Ink-jet printer
11. Scanned text
Task 6:
1. We all know that as even more stringent printing criteria and requirements must be met,
standardizing the color proofing operation is the key to an efficient printing job involving
the minimum in time loss and materials
2. Equipped with all the latest in electronic innovation, this densitometer offers you more
than just the usual range of features
3. The DM-800 does it all for you automatically, doing away with manual filter wheel
adjustments and the erroneous measurements that always used to accompany this.
4. The selected filter appears on the display, and values with the other filters are stored
making remeasurement a thing of the past.
5. Once you've chosen the function and the mode, all you have to do is to position the
measuring aperture over the spot to be measured and press the rear of the unit down
6. Also built into the DM-800 are reference and tolerance values that can be called up
whenever you need them
7. Ever used something designed for a right-handed person when you're left-handed?
8. Should any error occur, such as too low a density or low battery power, then you're
informed of that error instantly so that you can take the required measures
9. The denser the bitmap you select (the higher the resolution), the more image information
the scanner will record - resulting in a larger file.
Task 7: Group A: Type of Computers
Group B: Function or Relationship with Computers
Group C: Properties or Techniques related to Color
Group D: Types of Colors
Group E: Type of Printer
Group F: Printing Method
3. UNIT 6
Task 1:
1. We use milimeter to classify papers in terms of thickness
2. Paper has historically been produced from diverse materials including cotton, wheat straw,
sugar cane waste, flax, bamboo, linen rags, and hemp. Nowadays, the primary sources of fiber
for paper production are wood and recycled paper products.
3. - Paper, an uncountable noun, is the material crafted into thin sheets from wood pulp or other
fibrous substances.
- Papers, a countable noun, refer to various types of paper, such as coated paper, embossed
paper, or documents.
4. Coated paper provides a glossy, professional finish suitable for magazines and similar
publications. It resists dirt and moisture, requiring less ink for printing due to its non-absorbent
nature. Consequently, images appear sharp as the ink tends to remain on the paper's surface
rather than soak in.
5. Recycled paper is crafted from reused materials, constituting a sustainable alternative.
Recycling paper involves converting waste paper into fresh paper products through a systematic
process.
Task 2:
1. - Paper is a substance produced in thin sheets from wood pulp or other fibrous
materials, employed for writing, drawing, printing, or as wrapping material.
-Paperboard, a thick paper-based material, shares similarities with paper, but typically
exceeds it in thickness, commonly measuring over 0.3 mm.
2. There are 2 types of paper: paper and paperboard
3. Pick resistance, also known as surface strength, refers to a paper's ability to endure a force
applied perpendicular to its surface, such as the pressure exerted by a tacky ink film during
printing, without tearing or picking.
4. Cellulose fibers derived from plants undergo processing into pulp and are subsequently
extruded using methods similar to those used for synthetic fibers such as polyester or nylon.
5. In addition to cellulose fiber, typical components of paper include mineral fillers, chalk,
surface fibers, coating pigments, binders, and optical brightening agents (OBA).
Task 3:
3 simple sentences:
4. - The pressroom RH must be controlled.
- Sheet papers for multicolor work should usually be grain long
- There are many varieties, grades, and finishes of paper and paperboard
3 compound sentences:
- It can render labels, wrappers, and other printed articles unusable
- Part of this stretch is purely plastic, and the sheets return to their original size.
- The press moisture should not soften surface sizing or coating adhesive enough to permit
transfer of surface fibers, mineral filler, or coating pigment to the offset blanket.
3 complex sentences:
- Paper can be tested for curling tendency and rejected if it is excessive
- Sheets should be trimmed so that edges are straight and corners are square.
- if there is any permanent stretch, it will vary from sheet to sheet and make register of
subsequent colors impossible
1 mixed sentence: When skids or feeder piles are exposed to the pressroom atmosphere, the
paper must have a relative humidity (RH) close to that in the pressroom (i.e., between 8% RH
drier and 8% RH moister), especially when the job calls for two or more printing
Task 4: 1-c; 2-f; 3-b; 4-d; 5-e; 6-a
Task 5:
- This curling is caused by the slight moistening that papers get through contact with the
offset blanket.
- When skids or feeder piles are exposed to the pressroom atmosphere, the paper must have
a relative humidity (RH) close to that in the pressroom (i.e., between 8% RH drier and
8% RH moister), especially when the job calls for two or more printings.
- Paper must contain no chemical that blinds or sensitizes printing plates or causes
scumming, tinting, or ink emulsification.
- Greater RH differences result in wavy or tight edges that cause distortion, misregister,
wrinkles, and feeding problems.
- Dimensional changes, which are much greater across than with the grain, can then be
compensated for by changes in plate and blanket packing to maintain fit.
Task 6: 1. Foaming
2. Tinting
3. Selecting
4. Sizing
5. Chalking
6. Mistake of registering
7. Distorting
8. Curling
5. 9. Packing
Task 7:
1. Furthermore, runnability (runability) is impaired if the press operator must frequently
stop to clean plates and blankets.
2. When skids or feeder piles are exposed to the pressroom atmosphere, the paper must have
a relative humidity (RH) close to that in the pressroom (i.e., between 8% RH drier and
8% RH moister), especially when the job calls for two or more printings..
3. For satisfactory performance on the press, sheet papers must meet the following basic
requirements: Flatness, Proper relative humidity,…
4. Dimensional changes, which are much greater across than with the grain, can then be
compensated for by changes in plate and blanket packing to maintain fit.
5. Dimensional changes, which are much greater across than with the grain, can then be
compensated for by changes in plate and blanket packing to maintain fit.
