This is a presentation for microbiology

1. Unit 1
a) Introduction to Prokaryotes
and Eukaryotes
b) Morphological Classification
of Bacteria
- By Ms. Christina V
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY

2. a) Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes 2

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5. PARTS OF BACTERIA/CELL COMPONENTS
(PROKARYOTIC CELL)
1. CAPSULE
2. CELL WALL
3. CELL MEMBRANE
4. CYTOPLASM
5. NUCLEOID
6. INCLUSION BODY
7. RIBOSOME
8. MESOSOME
9. FLAGELLA
10. PILLI
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6. CELL COMPONENTS
 CAPSULE
• Outer most thick structure which is rigid and flexible
• Composition (98% water + 2% glycoprotein)
• It is the identity of bacteria and its virulence
• It protects the bacteria and gives shape to it
• Enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment
 CELL WALL
• It is also a thick structure made up of peptidoglycan layers, sugars, and
amino acids
• We can identify bacteria as gram –ve / gram +ve based on their cell wall
• Gram +ve=20-80nm thickness of peptidoglycan
• Gram –ve=7-8nm thickness of peptidoglycan
• It also gives protection, shape and identification of bacteria
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7. CELL COMPONENTS
 CELL MEMBRANE
 It is a semi-permeable membrane
 It is a thin layer in prokaryotic cell made up of
phospholipid bilayer
 CYTOPLASM
 All the material inside the cell except nucleus
 NUCLEOID
 It is less developed nucleus, thus it is called as Nucleoid
 Nucleoid contains 60% DNA, 30% RNA, 10% Protein
 RIBOSOME
 It helps in protein synthesis
 In bacteria, 70S type of ribosome is present
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8. CELL COMPONENTS
 INCLUSION BODY
 They are storage vessels that stores food
 MESOSOME
 It is slightly inside the cell wall
 It helps in cellular respiration
 FLAGELLA
 It is a hair like structure that is 15-20 nm long
 It is used for locomotion
 PILLI/PILUS
 They are small hair like projections that exchange genetic material
during cell reproduction
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13. ASSIGNMENT-2
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN :
a) PROKARYOTE & EUKARYOTE
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14. b) Morphological Classification of Bacteria
BASED ON MORPHOLOGY, BACTERIA CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO 6 GROUPS
1. TRUE BACTERIA
2. ACTINOMYCETES
3. SPIROCHAETES
4. MYCOPLASMA
5. RICKETTSIAE
6. CHLAMYDIAE
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16. 1. TRUE BACTERIA
a) Cocci: Spherical/ oval
Eg: Micrococcus flavus
Eg: Diplococcus pnemoniae
Eg: Gaffkya tetragena
Eg: Streptococcus pyogenes
Eg: Staphylococcus aureus
Eg: Sarcina ventriculi
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17. b) Bacilli-Rod shaped
Eg: Moraxella bovis
Eg: Bacillus cereus
Eg: Lactic acid bacilli
Eg: Streptobacillus moniliformis
Eg:?
Eg: Bacillus anthracis
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18. 2) ACTINOMYCETES
• They are gram +ve bacteria
• Mostly present in the soil
• The actinomycetes are an important source of antimicrobial
compounds, they produce up 60%-70 of the total antibiotics.
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19. 3) SPIROCHAETES
• They are gram -ve bacteria
• It has double membrane
• Eg: Treponema pallidum-Syphilis
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20. 4) MYCOPLASMA
They are oval in shape and lack rigid cell wall
They are underdeveloped cells and contain only some organelles and
DNA (Eg: Mycoplasma genitalium-World’s Smallest Bacteria)
It causes diseases in Animals (Eg: Mycoplasma bovis-causes
bronchopneumonia, mastitis in cattle)
5) RICKETTSIAE
They look like filaments and have no branching and chains
It is non-motile
It is a gram –ve bacteria (Eg: Rickettsia rickettsii-Rocky Mountain
spotted fever-RMSF)
6) CHLAMYDIAE
They are very small, oval shaped and has
peptidoglycan+protein in it (Eg: Chlamydia pneumoniae-Pneumonia)
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