4. • Create a pattern for a garment or an apparel
product.
• Consider the design details.
• Select the materials (fabrication and trims)
• Construct the sample (prototype)
• Fit, revise and finalize the sample
• Create an apparel technical design pack
• Prepare pattern for mass production
5. Designers begin by creating a2D or 3D
pattern, utilizing one or more of the pattern
making methods:
Flat
Drafting
Reversed Engineered
Draping
Computer Generated
6. Flat Pattern- A pattern is
created by using an existing
foundation pattern known as a
sloper or a block.
Sloper (Home Sewing
Industry term) or Block
(Apparel Manufacturing
Industry term) - custom fitted
basic pattern based on
individual or companies
standard size measurements
from which other patterns can
be made.
7. Drafting a Pattern- Patterns are created
by using measurements of an existing
garment, an individual, or body form.
Pattern is then drawn on paper utilizing the
body measurements.
Drafting a Pattern: You Tube Video
Reverse Engineering a Pattern- Patterns
are created by deconstructing an existing
garment. It is taken apart, analyzed, and new
pattern pieces are created.
8. Draping- A garment is
created by molding, cutting,
and pinning fabric on an
individual or a dress form. It
is the oldest method of
pattern making.
Computer Generated
Patterns- Computer-aided
design (CAD) software is
used to produce patterns for
textiles, apparel and other
products. Image Source:
www.lucianagrimaldi.com
10. Kimono Sleeve Types: With
Gusset, Dolman, Batwing
Raglan Sleeve Types:
Raglan to center front,
Raglan-Princess, and Saddle
Sleeve Design
Skirt Styles: Straight, A-line,
Flared, Circular, Full, Pleated,
Gathered, Dirndl, Gored,
Umbrella, and Wrap
Pant Styles: Tapered,
Straight, Flared, Jean,
Palazzo, Harem, Bermuda
Shorts, and Short Shorts,
Other Pant Styles Include:
Gauchos, knickers, and
Culottes
Jacket Styles: Trench,
Blazer, Fitted, Tuxedo,
Cardigan, Parka, Poncho,
Cape, Safari, Pea,
Windbreaker, Norfolk, Chanel,
Bolero, and Box
Pockets- Patch, Inseam,
Welt, Flap
11. is the very foundation upon which pattern
making, fit, and design are based.
made up of five distinct parts
A front and back bodice,
A front and back skirt that hangs straight from the hip
A slim, full-length sleeves.
12. The dress follows the figure's
outline,
covering the outermost parts
without contouring the hollow
areas.
It has a series of seams directed
toward the figure's bulges-the
bust, abdomen, buttocks,
shoulder blades, and elbows.
The pattern pieces are shaped
to fit the figure's dimensions, and
the garment fits with comfort and
ease in perfect harmony with the
balance of the model's stance.
13. Creating Basic Patterns
Creating basic patterns begins
with a 2-dimensional piece of
paper (for drafting) or muslin (for
draping).
Patterns confine the dimensions of
the figure by a series of
straight lines (shoulder, side
seams, skirt below hip)
curved lines (necklines,
armholes, skirt-above hip).
Wedges that appear at the
pattern's edge are directed to the
apex of the bust, shoulder blade,
14. Darts
Darts retain form or
model measurements
by confining unneeded
fullness at the pattern's
edge.
The dart gradually releases
fullness and terminates at or
near the apex of the bust
,shoulder blades, buttocks,
and abdomen.
The dart also has
creative value
It is the dart that converts a
2- diamensional pattern into
a 3-dimensional garment.
15. 1). This involves a knowledge of the
three major patternmaking
principles and their corollaries:
• Principle I-Dart Manipulation
• Principle 2-Added Fullness
• Principle 3-Contouring
38. Jacket lengths used by consumers refer to body
landmarks such as waist, hip, crotch, and thumb.
Apparel industry personnel use center back
length measurements in inches from the base of
the neck to the hem. The approximate landmark
inch equivalents for size 10 are given below.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84. Boy shorts: Square leg hemmed
1 to 1 1/2 inches below crotch.
(Also called short shorts or hot
pants.)
Jamaica shorts: Mid-thigh
length shorts between Bermuda
and boy shorts.
Jams: Full-cut, elasticized waist,
above-knee length pants.
Bermuda/walking/: Short knee
length pant that fits closely.
105. Once a design is created and the pattern is
engineered, the materials (fabrication and trims)
are sourced. (Consider wholesale vs. retail when
sourcing materials.) Other variables may include:
labor, logistics, tariffs, shipping costs etc.
Preliminary costing is completed to insure
profitability.
Costing Considerations- fabrics, trims, design
details, and labor costs.
106. Sample garments (prototypes) are created
by sample makers.
Sample makers must be skilled in a variety
of sewing construction techniques.
They work closely to insure fit and design
integrity.
Fashion fabric is used to create a sample
garment.
107. Use a mannequin or a live model to check
the fit and styling of the sample garment.
Revise garment fit until it is correct.
Photo Source: gardnerstreetvintage.tumblr.com
108. The Apparel Design Technical (Tech) Packs are
created after the sample garment has been
finalized.
Create Your Own Tech Pack- You Tube Video
The tech packs are specific information about the
design and should include the following:
1. Detailed flat sketch with front and back views.
Should include topstitching, pocket and button
placement, placement of contrast fabrications, hem
and band widths, label placement etc.
109. 2. Directions for any special fabric direction or
matching. For example borders, napped fabric etc.
3. Any special seam allowances, decorative or
standard topstitching, stitch length, thread type and
color.
4. Include samples of fabrics and trims. Clearly
indicate what is Self, Contrast, Trim, and Lining
fabrics.
5. Measurement details.
6. Care Instructions for labeling
7. Color details and season information
111. Once a sample pattern has been approved
for size, costing, availability of materials,
and potential profit; it is used for
production samples and samples for sales
promotion.
The approved pattern is graded into smaller and
larger sizes usually by computer but can be done
by hand.
Final fabric selections and trims are ordered by
suppliers.
112. Computer interfacing: the art of connecting computers
and peripherals.
In a lot of circumstances, it looks more like magic
than art.
It is not uncommon that you end up removing all
unnecessary hardware from your computer to get that
communication device to work.
Despite all plug-and-play internal hardware solutions
for the PC, connecting a number of external devices
still
113. Software downloads
No computer hardware without software.
The basic routines and example programs in
this section will help you interfacing your
computer with other devices successfully
Cable information
In computer interfacing it is often difficult to find the right cable
for a specific purpose. Although the USB interface tries to solve
this problem, there are many situations where you need to
search for the right cable.
114. General interfacing information
Interfacing is not just about cables.
In a lot of circumstances you need also
background information, to select the right
null modem cable for example.
115. Null modem is a communication method to directly connect two DTEs
(computer, terminal, printer, etc.) using an RS-232 serial cable.
The name stems from the historical use of RS-232 cables to connect two
tele printer devices or two modems in order to communicate with one
another; null modem communication refers to using a crossed-over RS-
232 cable to connect the tele printers directly to one another without the
modems. It is also used to serially connect a computer to a printer, since
both are DTE, and is known as a Printer Cable.
116. Cables for data interfacing
Even in this era of wireless communications, cables are still the most used
method to connect computers and peripherals. Several different protocols
and cables are used to communicate and each has its specific properties.
These pages contain a detailed explanation for the most used cables with in
many cases a layout to build the cable yourself. RS232 cables are used to
connect devices that communicate using the RS232 protocol.
This interface definition is already more than fourty years old, but it is still
used in many applications. Specifically situations where cheap
communications is necessary at a moderate speed over longer distances,
this interface is often the first choice.
117.
118. The common pinout is shown for DB9 and DB25
connectors and also many wiring schemes are present
for several applications. Modular cables are mostly
known from computer networks based on UTP and
FTP cables. This is however not the only application of
modular cables. Also analog and ISDN telephone
connections are often wired with modular cables and
Digital Equipment Corporation defined in the past a
data cable system based on modular cables with the
name DECConnect.
119. Parallel cables are historically mainly used to connect
printers to computers. The seven or eight parallel data lines
ensure a fast data exchange which is important when large
print jobs are processed. The parallel interface is however
also capable for two-way communication and specifically for
this purpose the Interlink or Laplink cable has been
developed. This cable makes it possible to exchange data
between computers if the right software is used. Layouts for
the regular printer cable and the Laplink cable are present on
these pages. PLC cables are used to connect industrial
controllers with computers and peripherals. There is a huge
mess of cable layouts around, because almost every
manufacturer decided to define its own wiring scheme for a
specific situation. The layouts for the most used cables are
shown on these pages.
120. What are the three essential components
of a modern computer?
• Be general or specific
121. A computer is an device that receives
information (input), processes information,
and outputs information
input/output device that processes
information
122. Key parts of a computer
Input vs. output
Interconnection between parts
123. Box - Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Monitor - main output device
Keyboard - main input device
124. All processing goes through the box
A simple input/output (I/O) device
Ports on back for connection of input and
output devices
Disk drives on front for storage I/O
125. Monitor
Keyboard
CPU (The Box)
Floppy Drive
CD-ROM
Printer
Scanner
Modem
Digital Camera
CD Writer/Burner
Hard Drive
LCD Projector
Laser Pointer
Network Card
Bluetooth Card
Speakers
127. Processor – e.g. Pentium IV
Memory – e.g. 256 MB RAM
Storage – e.g. Hard Drive, CD-RW
Slots & Cards
We will cover this on Monday
128. Standard keyboard - 101 key, letters,
number-pad, function keys
Microsoft Natural Keyboard - “Ergonomic”
design, supposedly better for wrists
Wrist support is important
The future?
129. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) -
standard monitor,
inexpensive, good
resolution, good pixel size
Flat Panel (Liquid Crystal
Display - LCD) – more
expensive, prices dropping
130. Size is most important factor
• Get a 17” CRT or 15” LCD or bigger
Note 15” LCD is about the same as a 17” CRT
• 15” CRT cheaper but will seem very small
Dot size advertised, not that big of a factor
Viewable Area – 15.8” for a 17” CRT
Maximum resolution – look for at least 1280 x
1024
132. Standard Two-Button: Left
button for selecting, right
button for properties
Wheeled Mouse - Wheel for
scrolling
Trackball - Inverted mouse
Touchpad - Touch/tap
sensitive
“Eraser”/Joystick
133. Most mice have a round ball
and rollers – rollers must be
cleaned
Newer mice are OPTICAL,
using LED and sensor to
track movement
134. Flatbed Scanners - Lay image flat on “copier”-
like glass panel. Scanning element moves
Photo Scanners - Run a single photo through a
scanner - photo moves, scanning element stays
stationary
What you pay for: resolution, color quality,
connectivity
Speed: USB connection faster than Parallel
All scanners on market sufficient for web
135. Camera without film
Pixel resolution measures number of dots
Pixel resolution is key: 640x480 vs. 1280x1024
(1.3 Megapixels) vs. 2048X1536 (3.3 Megapixels)
Storage can be on flash memory cards, memory
sticks, floppy disks, internal, or no storage (web
cam)
How to unload images is important
136. What is the common language in which
input and output devices communicate?
138. Inkjet Printers - Tiny dots of ink on paper
• Can print high quality photos
• Ink is expensive!
Laser Printers - Laser, plastic toner, and
heat; drawback: no color
Color Laser Printers - ~$600 and up
Dot Matrix Printers
139. Similar to monitors but project image
New to computer market (last 5 years)
Expensive, becoming cheaper every day
(some under $1000 now)
For business and education, some people
getting them for home theatre systems
140. MOdulator / DEModualter = MO-DEM
Converts digital computer signal to analog
telephone signal and vice versa
Sends and receives information
56K is current standard
Connect speeds often slower than 56K
141. Cable Modems convert from cable interface to
Ethernet or USB interface.
External, $50-$200 to buy
Must subscribe to Broadband/ Cable Internet
Service through your cable provider
Best way to go from home but expensive
($45/month)
Cable provider has a monopoly so prices won’t
drop
142. Digital Subscriber Line
• Works over phone line but doesn’t interfere with
phone calls
• The speed is much higher than a regular modem
(1.5 Mbps vs. 56 Kbps)
• Works better closer to phone company
• Not available everywhere
143. Network cards allow connection to the
Internet via ETHERNET
Wireless network cards require a wireless
router to connect
Ethernet is FAST!
144. Media refers to the objects on which
information is stored
Singular of word is medium
A CD is a medium for storage, a floppy
disk is a medium, …
145. “Drive” Storage: magnetic film stores 1s
and 0s
Hard Drives - Internal, sealed platters
Floppy Drive - One flexible platter
Zip Drive – Very high capacity floppy
Most rewritable storage is magnetic
146. CD-ROM – 650MB or 700 MB, read only,
etched pits
drives 32X etc. for speed relative to normal
DVD - stands for Digital Versatile Disc, 4.7 Gb
(7X CD)
147. CD RW
• 48x/16x/52x means 48x maximum write speed,
16x max. rewrite speed, and 52x max. read speed
Media: CD-R is cheapest, write once
CD-RW – good medium for transporting
files
148. What are the three essential components
of a modern computer?
• Be general or specific
149. A computer is an device that receives
information (input), processes information,
and outputs information
input/output device that processes
information
150. Key parts of a computer
Input vs. output
Interconnection between parts
151. Box - Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Monitor - main output device
Keyboard - main input device
152. All processing goes through the box
A simple input/output (I/O) device
Ports on back for connection of input and
output devices
Disk drives on front for storage I/O
153. Monitor
Keyboard
CPU (The Box)
Floppy Drive
CD-ROM
Printer
Scanner
Modem
Digital Camera
CD Writer/Burner
Hard Drive
LCD Projector
Laser Pointer
Network Card
Bluetooth Card
Speakers
155. Processor – e.g. Pentium IV
Memory – e.g. 256 MB RAM
Storage – e.g. Hard Drive, CD-RW
Slots & Cards
We will cover this on Monday
156. Standard keyboard - 101 key, letters,
number-pad, function keys
Microsoft Natural Keyboard - “Ergonomic”
design, supposedly better for wrists
Wrist support is important
The future?
157. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) -
standard monitor,
inexpensive, good
resolution, good pixel size
Flat Panel (Liquid Crystal
Display - LCD) – more
expensive, prices dropping
158. Size is most important factor
• Get a 17” CRT or 15” LCD or bigger
Note 15” LCD is about the same as a 17” CRT
• 15” CRT cheaper but will seem very small
Dot size advertised, not that big of a factor
Viewable Area – 15.8” for a 17” CRT
Maximum resolution – look for at least 1280 x
1024
160. Standard Two-Button: Left
button for selecting, right
button for properties
Wheeled Mouse - Wheel for
scrolling
Trackball - Inverted mouse
Touchpad - Touch/tap
sensitive
“Eraser”/Joystick
161. Most mice have a round ball
and rollers – rollers must be
cleaned
Newer mice are OPTICAL,
using LED and sensor to
track movement
162. Flatbed Scanners - Lay image flat on “copier”-
like glass panel. Scanning element moves
Photo Scanners - Run a single photo through a
scanner - photo moves, scanning element stays
stationary
What you pay for: resolution, color quality,
connectivity
Speed: USB connection faster than Parallel
All scanners on market sufficient for web
163. Camera without film
Pixel resolution measures number of dots
Pixel resolution is key: 640x480 vs. 1280x1024
(1.3 Megapixels) vs. 2048X1536 (3.3 Megapixels)
Storage can be on flash memory cards, memory
sticks, floppy disks, internal, or no storage (web
cam)
How to unload images is important
164. What is the common language in which
input and output devices communicate?
166. Inkjet Printers - Tiny dots of ink on paper
• Can print high quality photos
• Ink is expensive!
Laser Printers - Laser, plastic toner, and
heat; drawback: no color
Color Laser Printers - ~$600 and up
Dot Matrix Printers
167. Similar to monitors but project image
New to computer market (last 5 years)
Expensive, becoming cheaper every day
(some under $1000 now)
For business and education, some people
getting them for home theatre systems
168. MOdulator / DEModualter = MO-DEM
Converts digital computer signal to analog
telephone signal and vice versa
Sends and receives information
56K is current standard
Connect speeds often slower than 56K
169. Cable Modems convert from cable interface to
Ethernet or USB interface.
External, $50-$200 to buy
Must subscribe to Broadband/ Cable Internet
Service through your cable provider
Best way to go from home but expensive
($45/month)
Cable provider has a monopoly so prices won’t
drop
170. Digital Subscriber Line
• Works over phone line but doesn’t interfere with
phone calls
• The speed is much higher than a regular modem
(1.5 Mbps vs. 56 Kbps)
• Works better closer to phone company
• Not available everywhere
171. Network cards allow connection to the
Internet via ETHERNET
Wireless network cards require a wireless
router to connect
Ethernet is FAST!
172. Media refers to the objects on which
information is stored
Singular of word is medium
A CD is a medium for storage, a floppy
disk is a medium, …
173. “Drive” Storage: magnetic film stores 1s
and 0s
Hard Drives - Internal, sealed platters
Floppy Drive - One flexible platter
Zip Drive – Very high capacity floppy
Most rewritable storage is magnetic
174. CD-ROM – 650MB or 700 MB, read only,
etched pits
drives 32X etc. for speed relative to normal
DVD - stands for Digital Versatile Disc, 4.7 Gb
(7X CD)
175. CD RW
• 48x/16x/52x means 48x maximum write speed,
16x max. rewrite speed, and 52x max. read speed
Media: CD-R is cheapest, write once
CD-RW – good medium for transporting
files
176. Particularly, you'll need to know the difference between HD Ready and Full
HD. In the most basic terms, HD Ready TVs and set top boxes can show
you 720p ...
Full HD is a term used to describe television display technology that is a
standard for high-definition television in terms of video quality and
sharpness. It is defined as an image with a resolution of 1920 by 1080
pixels. ... Full HD is also known as 1080 progressive or 1080p.
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a specialized vacuumtube in
which images are produced when an electron beam strikes
aphosphorescent surface. Most desktop computer displays
make useof CRTs. The CRT in a computer display is similar to
the"picture tube" in a television receiver.
177. WHAT IS ISDN
WHAT IS UTP
How it`s work Aston Martin DB9
Definition of a Computer
Write the similarities and difference of spec.sheeet and
Tech.pack in apparel industry
How to express Pixel resolution measures number of dots
LCD Projectors
Explain parts of computer
What is the difference between 1st sample and production
sample
178. 3. Computer grading ,marker making and
Plotter Interface
3.1. Provisions in CAD Patternmaking
• Digitizing
