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UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS week 1.pptx
- 1. UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY ANDPOLITICS WEEK 1
- 2. ANTHROPOLOGY Etymology : Anthroposwhich means “Man,” and; Logos which means “science or study” Definition Anthropology deals with the study of man and his culture. The study of Anthropology includes the search for answers to questions particularly about human evolution, a scientific study of his/her works, behavior and values, his/her physical, social and culture development. It deals with the physical, social and cultural development of man that describes and explains the phenomenon of human life.
- 3. Areas of Concern 1.Human behavior and social systems 2. Looks at the whole of humanity and studies various societies in different historical and geographical settings 3. Social issues 4. Evolution (focuses on changes and transformation) 5. Biological/physical anthropology 6. Sociocultural anthropology (focuses on culture in the society) 7. Linguistics (study of language) 8. Archeology (study of material remains such as tools, pottery, jewelry, stones, monuments of past human life ad activities) 9. Ethnology( the study of culture)
- 4. Development Goes back tothe period of discoveries and explorations, from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Started with the study of primitive or non-literate groups, considered exotic and queer by Westerners
- 5. Methodology ◦Holistic approach andparticipant observation (ethnography)
- 6. ACTIVITY Your Life SituationSignificance (One-Sentence Explanation) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. •What do you think is the importance of studying Anthropology in your life as a teenager? Cite five situations /happenings in your life that proved its significance and give a one-sentence explanation.
- 7. Areas of ConcernHow Anthropology Is Significant/Beneficial to this Area (phrase/sentence) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. •Select only five among the eight areas of concern and give a phrase or a one- sentence statement on how Anthropology is significant /beneficial to the identified areas of concern.
- 8. SOCIOLOGY ◦ Etymology :Socius which means “groups or partners” and; ◦ Logos which means “science or study” ◦ Definition Sociology deals with the study of groups and its society. It is the scientific study of patterned, shared human behavior. It analyses human interactions which is essential in understanding man’s cultural make-up. Sociology is the study of patterns and process of human relation and how society is organized. It studies all kinds of interactions: social arts, social relationships, social organizations, social structures, and social processes.
- 9. Areas of Concern 1.Parts or units of society(e.g. social institutions, culture) 2. Social issues (e.g. poverty, population, social change, gender) 3. Present social realities 4. Social interaction
- 10. Development Considered oneof the youngest of social sciences, has its roots in Europe, particularly France at the time of French Revolution around the middle of the 19th century Started as the study of the problems besetting Western societies after French Revolution and later of advanced and contemporary societies ◦ Methodology Use of sampling and sample survey in commonplace among sociologist
- 11. ACTIVITY ◦ _________1. NationalFlag ◦ _________2. House Designs ◦ _________3. Marriage Ceremony ◦ _________4. Sports ◦ _________5. Food ◦ _________6. Education System ◦ _________7. Table Manners ◦ _________8. Religion ◦ _________9. Language ◦ _________10. Crimes ◦ _________11. Clothing ◦ _________12. Labor Force ◦ _________13. Values of Children ◦ _________14. Weaving Designs ◦ _________15. Laws A. Put a check mark ( ) to the words that correspond to Sociology, and X mark if it doesn’t relate.
- 12. B.What do youthink is the importance of studying Sociology in your life as a student? ◦ In a form of a graphic organizer, list down five activities that shows your social interaction in the school. ◦
- 13. POLITICAL SCIENCE ◦ Definition It is a systematic study of a state and its government, with the relationships of men in the community, with relations of men and groups to the state itself, and with the relations of a state with other sovereign states abroad. It emphasizes the use of power, interest and diplomacy which are important in creating a well-ordered society. It deals with the underlying principles of the state that should be abided by the officials and its citizens. Studies public law, political theories, public administration, political philosophy and political dynamics. ◦
- 14. Areas of Concern A.Emphasizesthe use of power, interest, influence and diplomacy among states and nations. B.Studies how people attain political positions, maintain its power and influence, and outcomes of their policy implementation C.The primary goal is citizenship education
- 15. Development The riseof political science could be traced to the works and political thoughts of the Greek Philosophers Socrates, Aristotle and Plato, during the progress of city-states in the ancient Greek ◦ ◦ Methodology ◦ Use quantitative and qualitative researches
- 16. ACTIVITY Your Life SituationSignificance (One-Sentence Explanation) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. •What do you think is the importance of studying Political Science in your life as a concern citizen in the Philippines? Cite five situations /happenings in your life that proved that you are a concern citizen on the political aspect, and write a one-sentence explanation.
- 17. Political Problems ProposedPolitical Resolution 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. •List down five political problems that our country Philippines is continually facing, and propose a political resolution to the identified problem.
- 18. ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, ANDPOLITICAL SCIENCE INTEGRATED All of these sciences attempt to understand the way of life of various cultures, or various societies: where, sociology emphasizes society and social processes, while anthropology is on culture, and politics is on power and influence to govern. These social sciences observe same scientific strategies to investigate, namely: empirical investigation, objectivity, ethnical neutrality, and sociological imagination which also follow same methods like the problem identification, data gathering through observation, participant observation, interview, historical method, archival research and content analysis, and data analysis. All are essential fields to understand culture, society, and politics to see ourselves as parts of a larger social structure, hence, expands our worldview, thereby appreciate better society and culture.
- 19. ACTIVITY Anthropology Sociology PoliticalScience 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 5. 5. 5. •Complete the table by writing words that can associate to the field of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science. Write only 1 word in every number.
- 20. B. Write “A”if the statement is correct and “B” if the statement is wrong. ______________ 1. Sociology deals with understanding political relationships such as bureaucracy and hierarchy. ______________ 2. Political Science is the art of studying power. ______________ 3. The primary goal of Political Science is to study human cultural development. ______________ 4. Anthropology deals with human cultural development. ______________ 5. Scientific investigation is utilized in conducting sociological inquiry. ______________ 6. Cultures differ depending on the needs of individuals in the society. ______________ 7. Political Science is the study of how the state governs its people. ______________ 8. Anthropology deals with culture. ______________ 9. Studying Political Science helps in understanding public laws and public administration. ______________ 10. Humanity is the common subject among Anthropology, Sociology and Political Science.
Editor's Notes
- #2 Anthropology is the study of humans, their cultures, and their development. It seeks to understand human evolution, behaviors, values, and physical, social, and cultural growth. An example of anthropology is studying how ancient humans evolved over time by examining fossils, tools, and artifacts. Anthropologists might also explore how modern cultural practices, like marriage ceremonies or religious rituals, vary across different societies and what they reveal about human values and social organization. The "Father of Anthropology" is often considered to be Franz Boas (1858–1942). He is known for establishing modern anthropology as a scientific discipline and for his contributions to cultural relativism and fieldwork-based studies. In some contexts, Herodotus, the ancient Greek historian, is also referred to as the "Father of Anthropology" for his early ethnographic descriptions of different cultures. Culture- language , traditions, customs and practices
- #3 Human behavior and social systems This involves studying how humans act, interact, and form relationships within their societies. It examines the structures and patterns that shape social interactions, such as family, politics, and religion. Looks at the whole of humanity and studies various societies in different historical and geographical settings Anthropology studies humans across all times and places. It explores how people have lived in different parts of the world, in both the past and present, to understand the diversity of human life and experience. Social issues Anthropologists address problems like poverty, inequality, racism, health disparities, and climate change. They analyze how societies deal with these challenges and propose ways to improve human well-being. Evolution (focuses on changes and transformation) This studies how humans and their ancestors have biologically and culturally changed over time. It explores human origins, adaptation to environments, and the development of tools, languages, and civilizations. Biological/Physical Anthropology Focuses on the biological aspects of humans, such as genetics, evolution, anatomy, and how humans adapt to their environments. It also studies our close relatives, like primates, to understand human evolution. Sociocultural Anthropology (focuses on culture in society) Studies how people create and live within cultures. It examines customs, traditions, beliefs, and everyday practices that shape societies, such as rituals, laws, and social norms. Linguistics (study of language) Focuses on how language is used, developed, and affects culture and society. It studies the structure of languages, their history, and how they influence human communication and identity. Archaeology (study of material remains) Examines physical objects left behind by past societies, like tools, pottery, jewelry, and monuments, to learn about their way of life, history, and cultural practices. Ethnology (the study of culture) Compares and analyzes different cultures to understand similarities and differences. It studies social practices, beliefs, and how people organize their lives across various societies. Here are examples for each concept: Human behavior and social systems Example: Studying how family structures differ across cultures, such as nuclear families in Western societies versus extended families in many Asian and African societies. Looks at the whole of humanity and studies various societies in different historical and geographical settings Example: Comparing how ancient Mesopotamian civilizations and modern urban societies organize their economies and governments. Social issues Example: Investigating the impact of gender inequality in education across different countries or studying the cultural responses to climate change in coastal communities. Evolution (focuses on changes and transformation) Example: Studying the development of bipedalism in early human ancestors like Australopithecus or analyzing how human diets have evolved due to agriculture. Biological/Physical Anthropology Example: Examining the skulls of early human species like Homo erectus to understand brain size changes over time or studying genetic adaptations to high altitudes in Tibetan populations. Sociocultural Anthropology (focuses on culture in society) Example: Exploring how religious festivals, such as Diwali in India or Carnival in Brazil, shape community identity and social relationships. Linguistics (study of language) Example: Studying endangered languages like Cherokee to document and preserve them or analyzing how slang evolves in urban settings like New York City. Archaeology (study of material remains) Example: Excavating ancient Egyptian pyramids to learn about burial practices and beliefs in the afterlife or uncovering pottery from a prehistoric village in Europe to understand trade and diet. Ethnology (the study of culture) Example: Comparing marriage rituals in rural African communities with those in modern Western cities to identify common patterns and cultural differences. 4o
- #4 This refers to the early days of anthropology, during the 15th to 18th centuries, when European explorers and colonizers began discovering new lands and encountering unfamiliar groups of people. They studied these groups, often focusing on societies without written languages, which they found unusual or "exotic" compared to their own cultures. This was the beginning of understanding human diversity, though it was often viewed through a Western, biased perspective.
- #5 Holistic Approach The holistic approach in anthropology means studying humans as a whole, considering all aspects of their lives—biological, cultural, social, historical, and linguistic. Instead of focusing on one specific part, anthropologists look at how all these elements connect and influence each other. Example: When studying a community, an anthropologist might examine their traditions, diet, language, family structures, and even how their environment impacts their way of life. Participant Observation (Ethnography) Participant observation is a key method in ethnography where the anthropologist immerses themselves in the daily life of a community to understand it from the inside. They live, work, and interact with the people while observing and taking notes about their behaviors, customs, and social interactions. Example: An anthropologist studying a remote village might join farming activities, attend religious ceremonies, and share meals with the villagers to get a deeper understanding of their culture and way of life.
- #11 Sociology Focuses on contemporary social structures, interactions, and institutions. National Flag (symbol of societal unity and identity) Marriage Ceremony (social institution and customs) Sports (social behavior and teamwork) Food (dietary norms and societal interaction) Education System (formal institutions and societal development) Table Manners (norms and social behavior) Religion (organized practices and societal influence) Crimes (social deviance and norms) Labor Force (economic structure and workforce dynamics) Values of Children (societal expectations and socialization) Laws (social control and order) Anthropology Focuses on cultural heritage, traditions, and human evolution. 2. House Designs (cultural and environmental adaptations) 9. Language (linguistic anthropology, communication in cultures) 11. Clothing (cultural expression and identity) 14. Weaving Designs (material culture and heritage)
- #20 FALSE - Sociology primarily deals with social relationships, institutions, and society's structures, not directly with political relationships like bureaucracy and hierarchy (which fall under Political Science).TRUE - Political Science is often described as the study of power and its distribution in society.FALSE - The primary goal of Political Science is to study political systems, governance, and power, not human cultural development (which is the focus of Anthropology).TRUE - Anthropology is the study of human culture, evolution, and societal development.TRUE - Sociological inquiry involves scientific methods such as surveys, experiments, and statistical analysis.TRUE - Cultures differ based on the needs, environment, and context of the societies they belong to.TRUE - Political Science studies how the state governs its people and the dynamics of power and governance.TRUE - Anthropology examines culture, including its origins, evolution, and variations across societies.TRUE - Political Science helps in understanding public laws, policies, and the functioning of public administration.TRUE - Humanity is the shared subject that links Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science as they all study different aspects of human existence.