Tes ini dilakukan untuk 31 siswa kelas VIII SMP tentang materi sistem persamaan linear dua variabel. Terdapat 3 soal dengan total skor 100. Hanya 11 siswa yang lulus tes ini dengan memperoleh skor di atas 60. Analisis validitas menunjukkan bahwa hanya soal pertama yang valid, sedangkan dua soal lainnya tidak valid.
Microsoft Word ini merupakan salah satu tugas saya pada mata kuliah Program Aplikasi Komputer. Tugas in sebagai pembelajaran bagi kami mahasiswa semester tiga dalam penulisan skripsi, khususnya penulisan cover, daftar pustaka, abstrak, Tabel, gambar, grafik , dan daftar isi.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
Microsoft Word ini merupakan salah satu tugas saya pada mata kuliah Program Aplikasi Komputer. Tugas in sebagai pembelajaran bagi kami mahasiswa semester tiga dalam penulisan skripsi, khususnya penulisan cover, daftar pustaka, abstrak, Tabel, gambar, grafik , dan daftar isi.
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
During this webinar, Anand Bagmar demonstrates how AI tools such as ChatGPT can be applied to various stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC) using an eCommerce application case study. Find the on-demand recording and more info at https://applitools.info/b59
Key takeaways:
• Learn how to use ChatGPT to add AI power to your testing and test automation
• Understand the limitations of the technology and where human expertise is crucial
• Gain insight into different AI-based tools
• Adopt AI-based tools to stay relevant and optimize work for developers and testers
* ChatGPT and OpenAI belong to OpenAI, L.L.C.
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
This session highlights best practices and lessons learned for U.S. Bike Route System designation, as well as how and why these routes should be integrated into bicycle planning at the local and regional level.
Presenters:
Presenter: Kevin Luecke Toole Design Group
Co-Presenter: Virginia Sullivan Adventure Cycling Association
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
Uji instrumen !!
1. ANALISIS SOAL URAIAN
INSTRUMEN PEMBELAJARAN
FAKULTAS PENDIDIKAN DAN ILMU KEGURUAN
PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA 2011
PEMBINAAN KOMPETENSI MENGAJAR
Mata Pelajaran : Matematika
Kelas : VIII SMP
Semester/Th. Ajaran : Ganjil/ 2012-2013
Jumlah soal : 3 butir soal
Jumlah Peserta Tes : 31 orang
KKM : 60
Materi : Sistem Persamaan Linear Dua Variabel
No. NAMA SISWA
SKOR TIAP SOAL
TOTAL KETERANGAN1 2 3
(20) (30) (50)
1. Achmada Hergalana 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
2. Ahsania Almas R.A 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
3. Alvia Hafsari 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
4. Ammar Agung N 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
5. Bagas Suryo 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
6. Cinthya Rahmawati 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
7. Dewi Sekar Sari 0 0 10 10 TIDAK LULUS
8. Dias Rizki Ananda 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
9. Dona Vitriyanti 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
10. Dwiky Agung P 0 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
11. Farhan Adyatama 0 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
12. Febriana Putri P 20 0 10 30 TIDAK LULUS
2. 13. Ferlia Shafira 20 0 5 25 TIDAK LULUS
14. Fika hanifah P 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
15. Gusti Triyono 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
16. Luthvan Ghyfani 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
17. Muhammad 10 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
18. Muhammad Rafii.S 0 0 10 10 TIDAK LULUS
19.
Nanda Ayu Safitri
20 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
20.
Novia Sagita Maharani
20 0 5
25 TIDAK LULUS
21.
Novia Wulandari
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
22. Nurcholis 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
23.
Putri Azizah
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
24.
Ronald Sandipuk
0 0 0
0 TIDAK LULUS
25.
Riko Ronaldo
0 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
26.
Rini Eka Rahmawati
0 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
27.
Robby Oktavian P
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
28.
Selya Nurfazrin
0 0 10
10 TIDAK LULUS
29.
Syaiful Deharsyah
10 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
30.
Tasya Aruka K
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
31.
Yoga Bagus Rasa.D
10 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
Jumlah 370 0 50 460 -
Rata-rata 10,9 0 1,4 13,5 -
Keterangan :
Tinta merah : Perempuan
Tinta hitam : Laki-laki
3. Validitas dan Reliabilitas Tes
Suatu tes dapat dikatakan baik bilamana tes tersebut memiliki ciri sebagai alat ukur yang
baik. Kriterianya antara lain :
1. Memiliki validitas yang cukup tinggi
2. Memiliki realibilitas yang baik,
3. Memiliki nilai kepraktisan.
Tes memiliki sifat kepraktisan artinya praktis dari segi perencanaan, pelaksanaan
penggunaan tes, dan memiliki nilai ekonomik, disamping masih harus mempertimbangkan
kerahasiaan tes. Jangan sampai hanya atas dasar murahnya dan mudahnya pengolahan hasil
sampai mengorbankan prinsip utamanya yakni validitas dan reliabilitasnya.
A. Validitas Tes
1. Pengertian Validitas
Validitas sering diartikan dengan kesahihan, sedangkan realibilitas diartikan sebagai
keterandalan. Suatu alat ukur disebut memiliki validitas bilamana alat ukur tersebut isinya layak
mengukur obyek yang seharusnya diukur dan sesuai dengan criteria tertentu. Artinya adanya
kesesuaian antara alat ukur dengan fungsi pengukuran dan sasaran pengukuran.
Bilamana alat ukur tidak memiliki validitas yang dapat dipertanggungjawabkan, maka
data yang masuk juga sis dan kesimpulan yang ditarik juga menjadi salah.
Adapun jenis validitas tes secara umum dapat dikelompokkan kedalam tiga
pengelompokkan, yaitu :
a. Validitas Konstruksi
b. Validitas isi
c. Validitas criteria, yang meliputi :
- Validitas pengukuran setara
- Validitas pengukuran serentak
- Validitas pengukuran prediktif
4. A. VALIDITAS SOAL
Dalam analisis validitas ini akan digunakan rumus korelasi produk moment memakai
angka kasar (raw-scor) rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:
Keterangan:
= Koefisien korelasi antara variabel x dan variabel y
n = Banyaknya test
x = Nilai hasil uji coba
y = Total nilai
Setelah didapat harga koefisien validitas maka harga tersebut diinterprestasikan
terhadap kriteria dengan mengunakan tolak ukur yang dibuat Guilford (Suherman, 2003: 113)
seperti pada Tabel berikut:
Klasifikasi Interpretasi Koefisien Validitas
Besar Interpretasi
Validitas sangat tinggi
Validitas tinggi
0,70 Validitas sedang
0,40 Validitas rendah
0,00 0,20 Validitas sangat rendah
Tidak valid
5. ANALISIS ITEM SOAL
a. Validitas Butir
Yang dimaksud dengan validitas butir adalah butir tes dapat menjalankan fungsi
pengukurannya dengan baik, hal ini dapat diketahui dari seberapa besar peran yang diberikan
oleh butir soal tes tersebut dalam mencapai keseluruhan skor seluruh tes.
Untuk dapat mengetahui besar-kecilnya peran tersebut adalah dengan jalan
mengkorelasikan antara skor yang diperoleh dari butir tersebut dengan skor totalnya dengan
menggunakan korelasi Product Moment. Sebagai contoh tes Instrumen SPLDV :
Keterangan Skor Item
o 1 = 20
o 2 = 30
o 3 = 50
Adapun hasil analisis uji mengenai validitas tiap butir soal seperti pada Table berikut ini :
Hasil Perhitungan Nilai Validitas Tiap Butir Soal Uraian
Nomor soal
Nilai Koefisien
validitas
Klasifikasi indeks
Validitas
1 0,81 Tinggi
2 0,00 Sangat rendah
3 0,13 Sangat rendah
Berdasarkan klasifikasi koefisien validitas pada Tabel pertama, dapat disimpulkan bahwa
instrumen penelitian ini diinterpretasikan sebagai soal yang mempunyai validitas tinggi (soal
nomor 1), dan validitas sangat rendah (soal nomor 2 dan 3).
11. B. RELIABILITAS TES
1. Pengertian Reliabilitas
Reliabilitas sering diartikan dengan keterandalan. Artinya suatu tes memiliki
keterandalan bilamana tes tersebut dipakai mengukur berulang-ulang hasilnya sama. Dengan
demikian reliabilitas dapat pula diartikan dengan keajegan atau stabilitas.
Reliabilitas diartikan sebagai keajegan bilamana tes tersebut diujikan berkali-kali
hasilnya sama, artinya setelah hasil tes pertama dengan tes berikutnya dikorelasikan terdapat
hasil korelasi yang signifikan. Disamping itu dapat diketahui dengan jalan menggunakan
dobel tes, artinya disusun dua buah tes yang parallel, kemudian keduanya diujikan dan
hasilnya dikorelasikan. Bila kedua hasil tersebut menunjukkan korelasi positif dan signifikan,
maka tes tersebut memiliki keajegan.
Reliabilitas diartikan sebagai stabilitas bilamana tes itu diujikan dan hasilnya
diadakan analisis reliabilitas dengan menggunakan kriteria internal dalam tes tersebut. Cara
untuk mengetahui koefisien stabilitas ini adalah dengan beberapa rumus yang seluruhnya
cukup menggunakan satu tes dengan sekali diujikan kepada siswa.
Untuk menentukan koefisien reliabilitas tes peneliti menggunakan rumus Cronbach
Alpha (Suherman, 2003:154) sebagai berikut :
Keterangan:
= Koefisien reliabilitas
= Banyak butir soal
= Jumlah varians skor tiap item
= Varians skor total
Setelah didapat harga koefisien reliabilitas maka harga tersebut diinterprestasikan
terhadap kriteria dengan mengunakan tolak ukur yang dibuat Guilford (Suherman, 2003:
113) seperti pada Tabel berikut :
12. Klasifikasi Koefisien Reliabilitas
Besar r11 Interpretasi
Reliabilitas sangat rendah
0,20 0,40 Reliabilitas rendah
Reliabilitas sedang
Reliabilitas tinggi
Reliabilitas sangat tinggi
Selain mencari reliabilitas keseluruhan soal, kita juga perlu mencari reliabilitas tiap
soal. Cara mencari reliabilitas tiap soal ialah denganmenggunakan rumus dari Spearman
Born sebagai berikut :
dimana
2. Beberapa Pendekatan Uji Reliabilitas
Beberapa cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengadakan uji reliabilitas tes adalah sebagai
berikut :
a. Metode Test-Retest Reliability
b. Metode Equivalent-Forms Reliability
c. Metode Split-Half Reliability
(1) Rumus Spearman-Brown
(2) Rumus Flanagan
(3) Rumus Rulon
d. Uji Homogenitas
(1) Rumus K-R 20
(2) Rumus K-R 21
(3) Rumus Alpha
16. Reliabilitas
Adapun analisis uji instrumen mengenai reliabilitas seluruh soal berdasarkan hasil coba instrumen adalah – 0,55 yang
tergolong memiliki reliabilitas sangat rendah.
Soal No. 1 Soal No. 2 Soal No. 3`
0,89 0 0,23
17. C. MENENTUKAN KEMAMPUAN DAYA PEMBEDA
Item yang baik adalah item yang mampu membedakan antara kemampuan siswa yang pandai
dan siswa yang berkemampuan rendah (Chabib; 1994:147). Adapun rumus untuk mengetahui
daya pembeda adalah :
Keterangan :
DP = Daya pembeda
= Jumlah kelas bawah
= Jumlah kelas atas
N = Jumlah kelompok atas/ bawah
Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda
Besar Daya Pembeda Interpretasi
DP ,2 Rendah
DP 0,40 Sedang
Banyaknya kelas atas/bawah yang akan diambil ialah :
Jadi jumlah kelas atas/ kelas bawah yang akan diambil ialah sebanyak 8.
No. NAMA SISWA
SKOR TIAP SOAL
TOTAL KETERANGAN1 2 3
20 30 50
12. Febriana Putri P 20 0 10 30 TIDAK LULUS
13. Ferlia Shafira 20 0 5 25 TIDAK LULUS
20.
Novia Sagita M
20 0 5
25 TIDAK LULUS
18. 2. Ahsania Almas R.A 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
5. Bagas Suryo 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
6. Cinthya Rahmawati 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
8. Dias Rizki Ananda 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
9. Dona Vitriyanti 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
14. Fika hanifah P 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
15. Gusti Triyono 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
16. Luthvan Ghyfani 20 0 0 20 TIDAK LULUS
21.
Novia Wulandari
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
23.
Putri Azizah
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
27.
Robby Oktavian P
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
30.
Tasya Aruka K
20 0 0
20 TIDAK LULUS
1. Achmada Hergalana 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
3. Alvia Hafsari 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
4. Ammar Agung N 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
7. Dewi Sekar Sari 0 0 10 10 TIDAK LULUS
18. Muhammad Rafii.S 0 0 10 10 TIDAK LULUS
19.
Nanda Ayu Safitri
20 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
22. Nurcholis 10 0 0 10 TIDAK LULUS
25.
Riko Ronaldo
0 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
26.
Rini Eka Rahmawati
0 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
28.
Selya Nurfazrin
0 0 10
10 TIDAK LULUS
29.
Syaiful Deharsyah
10 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
31.
Yoga Bagus Rasa.D
10 0 0
10 TIDAK LULUS
10. Dwiky Agung P 0 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
11. Farhan Adyatama 0 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
17. Muhammad 10 0 0 0 TIDAK LULUS
24.
Ronald Sandipuk
0 0 0
0 TIDAK LULUS
19. 1 2 3
Hasil analisis uji instrumen mengenai daya pembeda tiap butir soal seperti pada tabel
berikut ini :
Tabel 6. 10
Hasil Perhitungan Daya Pembeda Tiap Butir Soal
No. Soal DP Interpretasi
1 0,62 Tinggi
2 0 Rendah
3 0 Rendah
A. INDEKS KESUKARAN
Indeks kesukaran menunjukan apakah suatu butir soal tergolong sukar, sedang, atau
mudah. Butir soal yang baik adalah butir soal yang tidak terlalu mudah atau tidak terlalu sukar.
Untuk menghitung indeks kesukaran soal bentuk uraian dapat digunakan rumus sebagai berikut:
IK=
Keterangan:
IK = Indeks Kesukaran
B =
N = Score tertinggi x n
Adapun klasifikasi indeks kesukaran berdasarkan Subjaya (lexbin 2010:95) dapat dilihat
pada Tabel berikut:
20. Klasifikasi Indeks Kesukaran
Indeks Kesukaran Interpretasi
IK = 0,00
0,00 < IK ≤ 0,30
0,30 < IK ≤ 0,70
0,70 < IK ≤ 1,00
IK = 1,00
Soal terlalu sukar
Soal sukar
Soal sedang
Soal mudah
Soal terlalu mudah
1 2 3
Hasil analisis uji instrumen mengenai daya pembeda tiap butir soal seperti pada tabel
berikut ini :
Hasil Perhitungan Indeks kesukaran Tiap Butir Soal
No. Soal IK Interpretasi
1 0,59 Soal sedang
2 0 Soal terlalu sukar
3 0,16 Soal sukar
Berdasarkan klasifikasi indeks kesukaran pada tabel dapat disimpulkan bahwa soal
nomor 1, tingkat kesukarannya tergolong sedang, soal nomor 2, tingkat kesukarannya tergolong
terlalu sukar, soal nomor 3, tingkat kesukarannya tergolong sukar.
Berdasarkan rekapitulasi data hasil uji coba, secara umum hasil pemeriksaan validitas,
reliabilitas, daya pembeda, dan indeks kesukaran setiap butir soal dapat dirangkum seperti tersaji
pada tabel berikut :
21. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Coba Instrumen
[Soal
Validitas Reliabilitas IK DP
Ket.
Nilai Interpretasi Nilai Interpretasi Nilai Interpretasi Nilai Interpretasi
1 0,81 Valid 0,89 0,59 Sedang 0,62 Tinggi Dipakai
2 0,00
Tidak
Valid 0 0
Terlalu
Sukar
0 Rendah Tidak
Dipakai
3 0,13
Tidak
Valid 0,23 0,16 Sukar 0 Rendah Tidak
Dipakai
Berdasarkan uraian pada Tabel Soal – soal yang dapat digunakan adalah soal nomor 1.