This document summarizes research being conducted by the University of California Pavement Research Center on increasing the use of recycled materials in asphalt pavements. It outlines 8 ongoing research topics, including comparing the effects of rubberized RAP versus conventional RAP, determining the optimal thickness for RHMA-G surface layers, adding RAP to RHMA-G mixes, and developing a pavement life cycle assessment tool to quantify environmental impacts. The goal of the research is to advance the use of recycled materials like rubber and RAP in ways that improve pavement performance and sustainability.
Presentation by Dr. John Harvey, University of California Pavement Research Center, Davis & Berkeley, on Pavement Research and Practical Applications. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., a presentation titled, "Caltrans Pavement Program – Incorporating Innovative and Proven Strategies for Sustainability and Efficiency" was delivered by
Cathrina Barros, P.E., Chief Office of Asphalt Pavements, Caltrans. Learn the latest from Caltrans on how Caltrans will update and publish future Standard books. Also, what changes should industry and agencies anticipate that will significantly change how pavements are constructed and accepted.
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: New specifications are available that provide local agencies the ability to utilize the latest in asphalt mix design and material testing. Presented by Brandon Milar, CalAPA, substituting for Frank Farshidi, Project Manager, City of San Jose Department of Transportation.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference held Oct. 27, 2022 in Sacramento, a presentation on Long-Life Pavements in California was delivered by Cathrina Barros P.E., Chief Office of Asphalt Pavements, Caltrans Pavement Program.
California has utilized the Long-Life Pavement strategy for over 20 years. This session will provide background on the strategy, an overview of projects and an update on the future direction in California.
Overview of laydown considerations of Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt. Delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association "Where the Rubber Meets the Road" asphalt rubber educational workshop April 18, 2023 in Sacramento.
Presentation by Dr. John Harvey, University of California Pavement Research Center, Davis & Berkeley, on Pavement Research and Practical Applications. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., a presentation titled, "Caltrans Pavement Program – Incorporating Innovative and Proven Strategies for Sustainability and Efficiency" was delivered by
Cathrina Barros, P.E., Chief Office of Asphalt Pavements, Caltrans. Learn the latest from Caltrans on how Caltrans will update and publish future Standard books. Also, what changes should industry and agencies anticipate that will significantly change how pavements are constructed and accepted.
2017 CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference presentation: New specifications are available that provide local agencies the ability to utilize the latest in asphalt mix design and material testing. Presented by Brandon Milar, CalAPA, substituting for Frank Farshidi, Project Manager, City of San Jose Department of Transportation.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference held Oct. 27, 2022 in Sacramento, a presentation on Long-Life Pavements in California was delivered by Cathrina Barros P.E., Chief Office of Asphalt Pavements, Caltrans Pavement Program.
California has utilized the Long-Life Pavement strategy for over 20 years. This session will provide background on the strategy, an overview of projects and an update on the future direction in California.
Overview of laydown considerations of Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt. Delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association "Where the Rubber Meets the Road" asphalt rubber educational workshop April 18, 2023 in Sacramento.
Presentation on asphalt parking lot construction best practices delivered by Brandon Milar at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
An orientation on changes to Caltrans asphalt pavement specifications to incorporate elements of the national "Superpave" standard. Presented by Joe Peterson, chief, Office of Roadway Materials Testing for Caltrans at the Dec. 3, 2014 CalAPA L.A. and High Desert Technical Committee meeting in Fontana.
Richard Steger, Platform Manger-Rehab, Ingevity, delivers a technical presentation on blanaced mix design and cracking test, addressing high-recycle content asphalt mixtures at the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 12-13, 2017 in Ontario, Calif.
The top engineer leading pavement design initiatives will provide a perspective on the status of various specification changes, construction standards and pilot projects. Presenter: Tom Pyle, Chief, Caltrans Office of Asphalt Pavement. Presentation delivered Oct. 13, 2021 at the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento,
Richard Steger with Ingevity gives a technical presentation on balanced mix design and the development of a pavement cracking test at the CalAPA Spring Conference & Equipment Expo April 12-13, 2017 in Ontario, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., a presentation titled, "The Success of Caltrans’ Long-Life Pavement Asphalt Pavement Program" was delivered by John Harvey PhD, Director – City and County Pavement Improvement Center (CCPIC). For nearly 20 years, Caltrans has constructed several long-life pavement projects. These projects utilize innovative asphalt pavement design and mixture design strategies to create and high performing and efficient asphalt roadway. Dr. Harvey will provide the latest design strategies, construction “lessons learned” and field performance of these projects.
Erik Updyke, project manager for the City & County Pavement Improvement Center, focuses on pavement quality for local agencies in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., Featured Speaker Michael Huner, P.E., Huner Consulting
Consultant, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), delivered a presentation titled, "FHWA Mobile Asphalt Technology Center (MATC)."
Hear from a Subject Matter Expert (SME) from the Federal Highway Administration on the FHWA’s Mobile Asphalt Technology Center and its deployment in California to help further knowledge-sharing and innovation in asphalt pavements performance and testing. Mr. Huner will share information on the various technologies showcased in the MATC and how agencies and contractors can deploy these technologies today.
Presentation by Jack Van Kir,, Director of Asphalt Technology, George Reed Inc. on best practices for Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (RHMA) Mix Design. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using dynamic shear ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper aims to study the rheological properties of the binder taken from four years old flexible pavement stretch. The stretch was
divided into six different sections based on the thickness of the surface course. Originally, 60/70 grade asphalt binder was used
throughout the pavement stretch. The binder was obtained from the process of extraction and recovery. Dynamic shear rheometer
(DSR) test was conducted on the recovered asphalt binder to determine the various parameters viz., Complex modulus G*, Elastic and
viscous modulus, Complex viscosity and the phase angle δ. The major pavement distress modes namely, rutting and fatigue cracking
were addressed by these output parameters of DSR. Rutting is caused by permanent deformation of paving mix while fatigue is related
to the energy absorbed during repeated load application to pavement. The test results indicated that the 60/70 binder extracted from
the selected stretches were stiff enough to resist rutting and fatigue failure.
Keywords: Rheology, Dynamic shear rheometer, Complex modulus, phase angle, Rutting, fatigue
Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using dynamic shear ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper aims to study the rheological properties of the binder taken from four years old flexible pavement stretch. The stretch was
divided into six different sections based on the thickness of the surface course. Originally, 60/70 grade asphalt binder was used
throughout the pavement stretch. The binder was obtained from the process of extraction and recovery. Dynamic shear rheometer
(DSR) test was conducted on the recovered asphalt binder to determine the various parameters viz., Complex modulus G*, Elastic and
viscous modulus, Complex viscosity and the phase angle δ. The major pavement distress modes namely, rutting and fatigue cracking
were addressed by these output parameters of DSR. Rutting is caused by permanent deformation of paving mix while fatigue is related
to the energy absorbed during repeated load application to pavement. The test results indicated that the 60/70 binder extracted from
the selected stretches were stiff enough to resist rutting and fatigue failure.
Dan Staebell with Cargill examines the use of WMA, RAP and other technologies to lower asphalt's carbon footprint in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Marco Estrada with PRS provides an industry perspective of cold in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
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Similar to UCPRC research on Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt
Presentation on asphalt parking lot construction best practices delivered by Brandon Milar at the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference April 25-26, 2018 in Ontario, CA.
An orientation on changes to Caltrans asphalt pavement specifications to incorporate elements of the national "Superpave" standard. Presented by Joe Peterson, chief, Office of Roadway Materials Testing for Caltrans at the Dec. 3, 2014 CalAPA L.A. and High Desert Technical Committee meeting in Fontana.
Richard Steger, Platform Manger-Rehab, Ingevity, delivers a technical presentation on blanaced mix design and cracking test, addressing high-recycle content asphalt mixtures at the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo, April 12-13, 2017 in Ontario, Calif.
The top engineer leading pavement design initiatives will provide a perspective on the status of various specification changes, construction standards and pilot projects. Presenter: Tom Pyle, Chief, Caltrans Office of Asphalt Pavement. Presentation delivered Oct. 13, 2021 at the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference in Sacramento,
Richard Steger with Ingevity gives a technical presentation on balanced mix design and the development of a pavement cracking test at the CalAPA Spring Conference & Equipment Expo April 12-13, 2017 in Ontario, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., a presentation titled, "The Success of Caltrans’ Long-Life Pavement Asphalt Pavement Program" was delivered by John Harvey PhD, Director – City and County Pavement Improvement Center (CCPIC). For nearly 20 years, Caltrans has constructed several long-life pavement projects. These projects utilize innovative asphalt pavement design and mixture design strategies to create and high performing and efficient asphalt roadway. Dr. Harvey will provide the latest design strategies, construction “lessons learned” and field performance of these projects.
Erik Updyke, project manager for the City & County Pavement Improvement Center, focuses on pavement quality for local agencies in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
At the California Asphalt Pavement Association (CalAPA) Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference & Equipment Expo held on March 23-24, 2023 in Ontario, Calif., Featured Speaker Michael Huner, P.E., Huner Consulting
Consultant, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), delivered a presentation titled, "FHWA Mobile Asphalt Technology Center (MATC)."
Hear from a Subject Matter Expert (SME) from the Federal Highway Administration on the FHWA’s Mobile Asphalt Technology Center and its deployment in California to help further knowledge-sharing and innovation in asphalt pavements performance and testing. Mr. Huner will share information on the various technologies showcased in the MATC and how agencies and contractors can deploy these technologies today.
Presentation by Jack Van Kir,, Director of Asphalt Technology, George Reed Inc. on best practices for Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (RHMA) Mix Design. Presentation delivered during the CalAPA Fall Asphalt Pavement Conference Oct. 26-27, 2016 in Sacramento, Calif.
Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using dynamic shear ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper aims to study the rheological properties of the binder taken from four years old flexible pavement stretch. The stretch was
divided into six different sections based on the thickness of the surface course. Originally, 60/70 grade asphalt binder was used
throughout the pavement stretch. The binder was obtained from the process of extraction and recovery. Dynamic shear rheometer
(DSR) test was conducted on the recovered asphalt binder to determine the various parameters viz., Complex modulus G*, Elastic and
viscous modulus, Complex viscosity and the phase angle δ. The major pavement distress modes namely, rutting and fatigue cracking
were addressed by these output parameters of DSR. Rutting is caused by permanent deformation of paving mix while fatigue is related
to the energy absorbed during repeated load application to pavement. The test results indicated that the 60/70 binder extracted from
the selected stretches were stiff enough to resist rutting and fatigue failure.
Keywords: Rheology, Dynamic shear rheometer, Complex modulus, phase angle, Rutting, fatigue
Determining the rheological properties of asphalt binder using dynamic shear ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper aims to study the rheological properties of the binder taken from four years old flexible pavement stretch. The stretch was
divided into six different sections based on the thickness of the surface course. Originally, 60/70 grade asphalt binder was used
throughout the pavement stretch. The binder was obtained from the process of extraction and recovery. Dynamic shear rheometer
(DSR) test was conducted on the recovered asphalt binder to determine the various parameters viz., Complex modulus G*, Elastic and
viscous modulus, Complex viscosity and the phase angle δ. The major pavement distress modes namely, rutting and fatigue cracking
were addressed by these output parameters of DSR. Rutting is caused by permanent deformation of paving mix while fatigue is related
to the energy absorbed during repeated load application to pavement. The test results indicated that the 60/70 binder extracted from
the selected stretches were stiff enough to resist rutting and fatigue failure.
Similar to UCPRC research on Rubberized Hot Mix Asphalt (20)
Dan Staebell with Cargill examines the use of WMA, RAP and other technologies to lower asphalt's carbon footprint in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Marco Estrada with PRS provides an industry perspective of cold in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Dr. Dave Jones of the University of California Pavement Research Center provides an academic perspective of in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Larry Hernandez with Caltrans provides the department's perspective on in-place recycling in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Dr. John Harvey, director, University of California Pavement Research Center, reviews the most recent research with regard to Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement during a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Buzz Powell, technical director, Asphalt Pavement Alliance, examines various trends in the industry from a national perspective in a presentation delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Chris Sparks with MacRebur delves into the utilization of reclaimed plastics into asphalt pavement mixes delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Scott Dmytrow with PavementACES, a noted pavement preservation expert, provides an update on various tools and techniques in the pavement preservation space delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Presentation by Joseph Dongo of Caltrans on the department's eTicketing initiative for construction materials transport delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Alex Richardson with Haul Hub delivers a presentation on eTicketing technology delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Presentation on Environmental Product Declarations and benchmarking delivered by Amlan Mukherjee of WAP Sustainability during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario.
Presentation by Cathrina Barros of Caltrans, co-chair of the Women of Asphalt California Branch, on Women of Asphalt Activities in 2023 and 2024 delivered during the CalAPA Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario
Presentation on the City & County Pavement Improvement Center delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Presentation by Sean Devine of X-B-E on the "Hey NAPA" research tool utilizing AI technology, and other implications of AI for our industry, delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
An overview of the Caltrans District 8 program and priorities delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Update on the Joint Training & Certification Program for materials technicians in California delivered at the California Asphalt Pavement Association Spring Asphalt Pavement Conference March 7-8, 2024 in Ontario, Calif.
Presentation on "Pointers & TIps" related to Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) from the perspective of an asphalt plant expert delivered by T.J. Young at the CalAPA EPD workshop on Oct. 25, 2023 in Sacramento.
Presentation titled "The Emerald Eco-Label Tool & Lessons Learned" delivered by Amlan Mukherjee, Ph.D., P.E. of WAP Sustainability Consulting at the CalAPA EPD workshop on Oct. 25, 2023 in Sacramento.
Presentation on the national perspective on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) delivered by Joseph Shacat of the National Asphalt Pavement Association (NAPA) at the CalAPA EPD workshop on Oct. 25, 2023 in Sacramento.
Presentation on "Challenges for Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Implementation" delivered by Dr. John Harvey of the University of California Pavement Research Center (UCPRC) at the CalAPA EPD workshop on Oct. 25, 2023 in Sacramento.
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NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
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source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
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Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
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We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
1. California Research Perspective & Tools
Where the RUBBER meets the ROAD
CalAPA Workshop
Sacramento
April 18, 2023
Angel Mateos, David Jones, John Harvey,
Jeff Buscheck, Rongzong Wu, Ali Butt
University of California Pavement Research Center
2. 1. Rubberized RAP (RRAP) versus conventional RAP
2. RHMA-G surface layer... How thick can we go?
3. Adding RAP to RHMA-G
4. Adding recycled tire rubber to (dense-graded) HMA
5. ARB PG specifications
6. RHMA-G lift thickness limit
7. Use of RHMA-G for concrete pavement bases
8. Pavement life cycle assessment (LCA)
Presentation Outline
3. Research Motivation:
• Increasing amounts of rubberized RAP (RRAP)
• Do RRAP and RAP produce different effects on the asphalt mix?
• Do RRAP and RAP require different stockpiling and processing?
Background:
• Research funded by CalRecycle (2014-2017):
o RRAP and RAP produce similar effects on HMA (somewhat better
cracking resistance with RRAP)
o “...there appears to be no reason or justification for separating RRAP
and RAP millings or maintaining separate stockpiles at asphalt plants.”
(Research Report: UCPRC-RR-2016-03)
1. Rubberized RAP versus conventional RAP
4. Research Goal:
• Compare the effect of RRAP versus conventional RAP on HMA properties
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (2020-2023)
• Sample one RRAP and one RAP
• Select control HMA; add 25% RRAP and 25% RAP
• Test the two mixes in the lab:
o Volumetrics
o Stiffness
o Fatigue resistance
o Rutting resistance
o Moisture susceptibility
1. Rubberized RAP versus conventional RAP
5. Research Motivation:
• Caltrans Highway Design Manual sets a maximum limit to RHMA-G layer
thickness: 0.2 ft (2.4 in.)
• The limit is based on past economic cost of RHMA-G versus HMA and some
concerns with rutting
Background:
• The optimum layer thickness can be determined by the designer (using CalME)
• Mechanistic-empirical modelling with CalME:
o Use of 0.2-0.3 ft of RHMA-G provides best performance for overlays on
flexible pavements
o Use of 0.2-0.5 ft of RHMA-G provides best performance for overlays on rigid
pavements
• Possible approach: set up maximum limit (~0.3-0.5 ft) and let the designer
choose thickness to provide most economical and constructable design
2. RHMA-G surface layer... How thick can we go?
6. Research Goal:
• Determine maximum RHMA-G surface thickness limit based on mechanistic-
empirical principles
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.75 Project; 2020-2023)
• CalME modelling of RHMA mixes (mixes evaluated in the laboratory: stiffness,
fatigue resistance, and rutting resistance)
• Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) testing
2. RHMA-G surface layer... How thick can we go?
RHMA-G ½” 0.20’
RHMA-G ½” w/RAP RHMA-G ½”
RHMA-G ½” 0.20’
RHMA-G ¾”
0.2’ RHMA-G ¾”
RHMA-G ¾”
0.25’
0.25’
Thickness
effect
7. Research Motivation:
• Caltrans does not allow any RAP in RHMA-G
• Are there applications where RAP can be added to RHMA-G and obtain similar or
better performance?
Background:
• Research funded by CalRecycle:
o Adding of 10% RAP (<3/8”) to RHMA produces these effects: stiffness ↑,
rutting resistance ↑, and fatigue resistance ↓
o The amount of RAP that can be added to RHMA-G is limited to ~10% because
of gradation requirements
• Despite possible drop in fatigue resistance, the addition of RAP may be positive in
certain applications (e.g. intermediate layers) because of the increase in stiffness
3. Adding RAP to RHMA-G
8. Research Goal:
• Determine effects of RAP addition to RHMA-G
• Determine applications where the RAP addition results in improvement in
performance
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.75 and 4.76A Projects; 2020-2023); expected
CalRecycle support 2023-2025
• Experimental data:
o Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) testing ~ 10% coarse RAP (>3/8”)
o Monitoring field pilots (RHMA-G with RAP) ~ 10% fine RAP (<3/8”)
• CalME modelling to determine the best applications for the RHMA-G with RAP
3. Adding RAP to RHMA-G
10. • Experimental data:
o Monitoring field pilots (RHMA-G with RAP)
3. Adding RAP to RHMA-G
✓ Sonoma 101 (04-1W880)
✓ Done
✓ Sonoma 1 (04-1W890)
✓ Done
✓ Ventura 1 (07-0w140)
✓ Ongoing
✓ Imperial 186 (11-2N116)
✓ Planned Apr-2023
• Each project includes several lane-miles
• Control and test sections (0.4 miles each)
• Sampling of production mixes for lab evaluation
• Monitoring of test sections performance up to 5 years
11. Research Motivation:
• Caltrans HMA (dense graded) mixes do not contain rubber other than terminal blend
• If Caltrans builds ~60% HMA and ~40% RHMA-G, adding 10% rubber (% binder; ~0.5% mix) to HMA
would increase recycled tire rubber use in ~50%
Background:
• Research funded by Caltrans and CalRecycle (2017-2020):
o Overall, consistent positive results with 5% rubber addition (% binder)
o Varying results for 10% rubber addition
• Improvements in crumb rubber modifier (CRM) production techniques: possibility to produce small-
sized particles (passing #40 or finer)
• Variety of products that provide a straight-forward way to add rubber to dense-graded mixes:
o Engineered CRM
o Concentrated terminal blend
o New approaches to add regular CRM particles
4. Adding recycled tire rubber to (dense-grade) HMA
12. Research Goal:
• Increase use of rubber in (dense graded) HMA
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.76A Project; 2020-2023); expected CalRecycle support 2023-2025
• Target:
o Structural layers below the surface (assume RHMA-G will remain Caltrans surface of
preference)
o Mixes currently using plain binder (one of the questions: can we balance an increase in RAP
content with rubber addition?)
o Constructability/implantability: without changing mix design, production, or construction
processes; storability
o Looking at all means of rubber inclusion
• Experimental data:
o Ongoing lab study
o Possible pilot implementation in the field in Summer 2024
4. Adding recycled tire rubber to (dense-grade) HMA
13. • Experimental data:
o Phase 1: Ongoing lab study (volumetrics, IdealCT)
o Phase 2: Comprehensive lab characterization (few
selected mixes)
o Phase 3: Field pilots (Summer 2024)
4. Adding recycled tire rubber to (dense-grade) HMA
Untreated CRM
< #40 (0.425 mm)
Untreated CRM
< #60 (0.25 mm)
Engineered CRM
Untreated CRM
MTOA
Control mix
(25% RAP)
Control mix
MTOA
Diluted wet, with
agitation
TB
(Terminal Blend)
Advanced wet
< #40 (0.425 mm)
14. Research Motivation:
• AASHTO PG system is not conceived for asphalt rubber binder (ARB)
Background:
• Caltrans QC/QA of ARB focuses on viscosity
• Challenge: large (“undigested”) rubber particles whose size is comparable to the gap
between dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) plates
• Increasing DSR parallel plate gap (to 3 mm) and concentric cylinder testing have been
suggested
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.63 Project; 2017-2020):
o Large (“undigested”) rubber particles dominate results
o Different results between the two geometries: parallel plate and concentric cylinder
o High variability between results, regardless of the testing geometry
o High-temperature PG appeared unrealistically high (>82°C)
5. ARB PG specifications
15. Research Goal:
• Develop and recommend testing procedures and criteria for PG specifications of
ARB used in gap- and open-graded mixes
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.77 Project; 2020-2023)
• 19 plant-produced ARB and 5 RHMA-G mixes
• Proposed approach:
o Centrifuge/filter to remove largest rubber particles (>0.5 mm)
o Test filtered ARB using regular PG testing
o California PG map for ARB
• Round robin study to develop precision and bias statements for the proposed PG
testing procedure (if requested by Caltrans)
5. ARB PG specifications
16. Research Motivation:
• Caltrans Std. Specs. Section 39 requires nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS)
of ¾ in. for 0.20 ft RHMA-G lift
Background:
• Some concerns with constructability (compaction and smoothness) due to low
thickness/NMAS ratio
• Use of NMAS of ½ in. for 0.20 ft RHMA-G lifts has been suggested by construction
experts
6. RHMA-G lift thickness limit
17. Research Goal:
• Determine optimum NMAS for 0.20 ft RHMA-G lifts (½ in. or ¾ in. ?)
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.75 Project; 2020-2023)
• Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) testing
6. RHMA-G lift thickness limit
RHMA-G ½” 0.20’
RHMA-G ½” w/RAP RHMA-G ½”
RHMA-G ½” 0.20’
RHMA-G ¾”
0.2’ RHMA-G ¾”
RHMA-G ¾”
0.25’
0.25’
NMAS
effect
18. Research Motivation:
• The only asphalt concrete option for concrete pavement bases is HMA
Background:
• Research funded by Caltrans (Project 4.58B; 2014-2017)
o Excellent performance of RHMA-G as base for thin concrete overlay,
evaluated under Heavy Vehicle Simulator
• No main reason why RHMA-G would not work as a concrete pavement base
7. Use of RHMA-G for concrete pavement bases
19. Research Goal:
• Evaluate the alternative of using RHMA-G (rather than HMA) for concrete
pavement bases
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.76B Project; 2020-2023)
• Laboratory study
o Develop test procedure for asphalt mix used as concrete pavement base
o Compare RHMA-G versus HMA
• Build test section and monitor performance
7. Use of RHMA-G for concrete pavement bases
20. Research Motivation:
• Number of state legislation bills to bring down the greenhouse gas emissions in California
• Quantify greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts of pavements,
considering all life cycle stages (material, construction, maintenance, use, and end of life)
Background:
• Research funded by Caltrans (4.66 Project; 2017-2020):
o Start development of eLCAP (Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Pavements), a
tool that can quantify environmental impacts of pavements
8. Pavement life cycle assessment (LCA)
21. Research Goal:
• Finalize eLCAP and its database (life cycle inventory database)
Research Approach:
• Research funded by Caltrans (3.54 and 4.80 Projects; 2020-2023)
• Collected life cycle inventory database (new rubber commercial products not included yet)
• Develop web-based eLCAP
• Evaluate strategies that are expected to bring down environmental impacts:
o Rubberized hot mix asphalt
o Cold in-place recycling
o Warm mix asphalt
o ...
8. Pavement life cycle assessment (LCA)
22. • Research on recycle tire rubber use in asphalt mixes has been active in California
for years, mainly supported by Caltrans and CalRecycle
• Main targets of ongoing research includes:
o Increase use of recycle tire rubber
o Bring RAP and rubber together
o Improve constructability and QC/QA of ARB and asphalt mixes with rubber
o Approaches that are easy to implement
o Quantify environment impact
• Past, current, and possible future research/implementation projects included in
UCPRC Rubber Research Roadmap (www.ucprc.ucdavis.edu)
Conclusions