Types of grading

1. Two Types of
Grading Systems:
-referenced
-referenced (“Standard Based”)
1:Norm-referenced
Overall Concept:
that of other students in the class.
Advantage
distributions
from one teacher to the next” (Guskey,
2001).
Disadvantages:
- students
become less inclined to help each other.
losers- with very few winners (A students) -

2. most students are losers.
2: Criterion referenced
Overall Concept:
clearly stated performance descriptions
……Teachers judge student‟s performance
by what each student does, regardless of
how well or poorly their classmates perform”
Reporting
Reporting is the process of communicating
comprehensive information about student
achievement and learning at a point in time.