This document provides information on a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a BBA degree at Heriot-Watt University in Dubai. The dissertation examines the levels and quality of environmental and social disclosure by UAE companies. It includes chapters on the introduction and background, literature review, research methodology, data interpretation and results, and conclusion. The dissertation uses qualitative content analysis to analyze annual reports from 20 UAE companies to assess their economic, environmental, and social disclosures. The interpretations find that while social disclosures are often lacking, the selected companies provide detailed information that could be useful for future research. The summary provides a high-level overview of the dissertation structure and research topic.
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This document provides information on a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a BBA degree at Heriot-Watt University in Dubai. The dissertation examines the levels and quality of environmental and social disclosure by UAE companies. It includes chapters on the introduction and background, literature review, research methodology, data interpretation and results, and conclusion. The dissertation uses qualitative content analysis to analyze annual reports from 20 UAE companies to assess their economic, environmental, and social disclosures. The interpretations find that while social disclosures are often lacking, the selected companies provide detailed information that could be useful for future research. The summary provides a high-level overview of the dissertation structure and research topic.
1to1tutor.org offers an online SAT prep course to help students prepare for the exam. Their course includes practice tests, video lessons, and personalized tutoring to improve students' scores. Students can access the course materials anytime online at their own pace.
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuel with the potential to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The methyl ester of palm oil, known as biodiesel, is receiving increasing attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Summary of lmtd and e ntu. The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method (LMTD) The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) is valid only for heat exchanger with one shell pass and one tube pass. For multiple number of shell and tube passes the flow pattern in a heat exchanger is neither purely co-current nor purely counter-current. The temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the heat exchanger. It is convenient to have a mean temperature difference Tm for use in the relation. s mQ UA T
3. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may flow in the same direction - parallel flow or cocurrent flow in the opposite direction - countercurrent flow or perpendicular to each other - cross flow
Fatty alcohols are derived from vegetable oils like coconut and palm kernel oils. They are produced through several routes including converting the oils to fatty acids or methyl esters, then hydrogenating and fractionating the results to yield fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols have various uses as surfactants in personal care products and detergents due to their emulsifying properties. They are produced at over 1.5 million tonnes annually.
HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other.
2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable fuel with the potential to reduce engine exhaust emissions. The methyl ester of palm oil, known as biodiesel, is receiving increasing attention as an alternative fuel for diesel engines.
Summary of lmtd and e ntu. The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method (LMTD) The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) is valid only for heat exchanger with one shell pass and one tube pass. For multiple number of shell and tube passes the flow pattern in a heat exchanger is neither purely co-current nor purely counter-current. The temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the heat exchanger. It is convenient to have a mean temperature difference Tm for use in the relation. s mQ UA T
3. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may flow in the same direction - parallel flow or cocurrent flow in the opposite direction - countercurrent flow or perpendicular to each other - cross flow
Fatty alcohols are derived from vegetable oils like coconut and palm kernel oils. They are produced through several routes including converting the oils to fatty acids or methyl esters, then hydrogenating and fractionating the results to yield fatty alcohols. Fatty alcohols have various uses as surfactants in personal care products and detergents due to their emulsifying properties. They are produced at over 1.5 million tonnes annually.
HEAT EXCHANGERS. Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids that are at different temperature while keeping them from mixing with each other.
2. Double Pipe Heat Exchangers
3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
1. Tutorial enllaços power point
1r) Obrim un power point.
2n) Escribim el nom de la pàgina on volem anar.
2. 3r) Copiem l’enllaç de la pàgina(en aquest cas “softcatala”).
4t) Sobre el nom escrit en el power el subrallem, anem a inserció i
cliquem en enllaços.
3. 5e) Un cop alla cliquem en pàgines navegades i escrivim l’enllaç de la
pàgina i li donem a d’acrod.
6e) Li donem a presentació amb diapositives i cliquen en el nom
enllaçat.