1. APIs allow applications to access resources and services in a standardized way, enabling app-to-app communication. APIs have become the preferred way for applications to integrate both internally and externally developed services rather than older integration approaches like ESBs.
2. Microservices architecture breaks applications into small, independent services that communicate through APIs. This allows individual services to be developed and scaled independently.
3. The document outlines an evolution from monolithic applications to API-first architectures, where APIs are designed for external use from the start rather than being added later. In this model, APIs provide access to all internal and external resources and analytics can be applied at the API layer.